跟读练习: How to Find Fulfilling Work - 通过视频学习英语口语
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1
The idea that work might be fulfilling, rather than just painfully necessary, is a strikingly recent invention.
2
Open Dr. Johnson's celebrated dictionary, published in 1755, and the word fulfillment doesn't even appear.
3
Nowadays in a prosperous world, we don't only expect to obtain money through our labor, we also, to a greater or lesser extent, expect to find meaning and satisfaction.
4
It's a big ask and helps to explain why so many of us have career crises often on a Sunday evening as the Sun begins to set.
5
To help us on the quest for fulfilling work here are six useful ideas: Firstly, accept the being confused about careers is perfectly normal.
6
In a pre-industrial world there were, at most, some 2,000 different trades out there; nowadays there' are estimated to be half a million different options.
7
The result: we can become so anxious about making the wrong choice, we end up making no choice at all; psychologists call this "the paradox of choice", paralysis stemming from too many options.
8
We should acknowledge that confusion is natural, and fear entirely normal; but let neither of these scupper our chances forever.
9
Secondly, know yourself.
10
It's the oldest philosophical recommendation, and has particular relevance to careers.
11
For 99% of us knowing what we want to do doesn't arise spontaneously; like for example, knowing what to eat.
12
Most of us don't have a calling; we don't hear a commanding god like voice directing us to accountancy, or packaging and distribution.
13
That isn't to say we don't have taste or inclinations, we just don't know them clearly enough, which is a perilous position to be in, as not having a plan quickly puts us at the mercy of those who do have one.
14
We only catch glimpses, little hints of our tastes.
15
So what we have to do is learn to pick up on their faint sounds: start by parking any concerns for money for a time; financial panic too often kills all dialogue with the more authentic, passionate sides of one's nature.
16
Write down, without being too logical or analytical about it, everything you've ever enjoyed doing or making, which might include building a tree-house, or sorting out the winter clothes.
17
The weirder and more offbeat list, the better.
18
In the long and confused tangle that follows there will, somewhere, be the shape of an ideal future working self, but it'll be very messed up, and in need of being analyzed thoroughly That's where philosophy comes in; Philosophy is the art clearing up, and demanding logic of our first thoughts.
19
Thirdly, think a lot.
20
If it might take a couple of days, even a week, to choose a new car, it could, fairly, take a year or more of sustained daily reflection to start to identify a career that fits.
21
We tend to feel guilty about this: imagining we're being self-indulgent-far from it; we may need to empty every weekend for months to sort out the biggest conundrum of our lives.
22
To make sure we don't continue to spend the rest of our lives trapped in a job unwittingly chosen for us by our unknowing 16 year old selves, we need to be properly generous about the amount of time we'll need to give this.
23
Fourthly, try something It's tempting to imagine we'll be able to work out the shape of the workplace, and of our own characters simply through pure process of reflection, but we need data, and we can only understand ourselves and others by colliding with the real world, in the process getting to know both it and our own natures.
24
We need to take small, non-irrevocable steps to gather information, for example by: shadowing, interning, or volunteering.
25
We mustn't think we always have to resign on Monday; we can investigate our futures through branching projects on the side of existing jobs.
26
Five, reflect on what makes people unhappy.
27
Every successful business is at heart an attempt to solve someone else's problem; the bigger and more urgent problem, the greater the opportunity.
28
To flex your entrepreneurial muscles, consider an average day and everything in it that might make someone unhappy: from losing the house keys, to finding the food a little greasy, to arguing yet again with their spouse.
29
Each of these is a business opportunity waiting to be exploited; it's a chance for us to serve, which is what work really is.
30
It's easy to imagine that everything's been done and tried- nonsense; we're unhappy enough for capitalism to have many more centuries of invention and creativity to it.
31
Six, be confident.
32
So many bad self help books are about confidence; it can be tempting to dismiss the whole topic as nonsense; but in a peculiar and rather humbling way, it really does seem as if the difference between success and failure is sometimes nothing less than the courage to give it a go.
33
The ability to imagine oneself into a role, to surmise one doesn't need to ask anyone for permission that many of the top positions simply belong to those who dare to boldly ask for them.
34
A lack of confidence is at heart a misunderstanding of the way the world works; it's an internalized feudalism which imagines that only certain people but not oneself, have the right, preordained, to get certain things.
35
It isn't true.
36
As we know, a lot more is possible than we might think at our moments of timidity and doubt.
37
That's a start of the path towards a job we won't regret on our death beds, which should always be the ultimate criterion.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节 C1 级别的口语课以视频“How to Find Fulfilling Work”为素材。 这段视频共有 37 个句子、932 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 5:00。 说话人语速较快，每分钟约 186 个词，会出现较多连读和弱读。 只有 81% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中最难的 15 个单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| unhappy 形容词 | /ʌnˈhæpi/ | 不高興 /不高兴, 不開心 /不开心 |
| tempt 动词 | /tɛmpt/ | 吸引, 誘惑 /诱惑 |
| fulfill 动词 | /fʊlˈfɪl/ | 履行 |
| invention 名词 | /ɪnˈvɛnʃən/ | 發明 /发明 |
| boldly 副词 | /ˈboʊldli/ | 大膽地 /大胆地 |
| collide 动词 | /kəˈlaɪd/ | 碰撞, 相撞 |
| conundrum 名词 | /kəˈnʌn.dɹəm/ | 字谜 |
| criterion 名词 | /kɹaɪˈtɪɹ.i.ən/ | 標準 /标准, 尺度 |
| feudalism 名词 | /ˈfju.də.lɪ.zəm/ | 封建制度 |
| greasy 形容词 | /ˈɡɹi.si/ | 膩 /腻 |
| internalize 动词 | /ɪnˈtɝnəlaɪz/ | 使內在化 /使内在化 |
| irrevocable 形容词 | /iˈɹɛvəkəbəl/ | 不可撤销的 |
| misunderstand 动词 | /mɪs.ʌn.də(ɹ)ˈstænd/ | 誤會 /误会, 誤解 /误解 |
| paralysis 名词 | /pəˈɹæləsəs/ | 癱瘓 /瘫痪, 麻痹 |
| scupper 名词 | /ˈskʌpɚ/ | 排水口 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| end up 动词 | 到达 | |
| work out 动词 | /ˌwɝk ˈaʊt/ | 計算 /计算, 算出 |
| write down 动词 | 寫下來 /写下来, 寫下 /写下 |
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | are estimated · being analyzed · be exploited |
| 定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物 | enough, which is · serve, which is · those who dare |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 19 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 don't, doesn't, isn't。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “th” 音: fourthly /ˈfɔːɹθ.li/, thirdly /ˈθɚdli/, authentic /ɔˈθɛn.tɪk/, thoroughly /ˈθʌɹ.ə.li/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: invention /ɪnˈvɛnʃən/, inclination /ˌɪn.klɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, dictionary /ˈdɪk.ʃəˌnɛ.ɹi/, recommendation /ˌɹɛkəmɛnˈdeɪʃən/, passionate /ˈpæʃənɪt/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: accountancy /əˈkaʊnt.ən.si/, criterion /kɹaɪˈtɪɹ.i.ən/, entrepreneurial /ˌɑn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɝ.i.əl/, feudalism /ˈfju.də.lɪ.zəm/, inclination /ˌɪn.klɪˈneɪ.ʃən/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: invention /ɪnˈvɛnʃən/, irrevocable /iˈɹɛvəkəbəl/, relevance /ˈɹɛl.ɪ.vən(t)s/, creativity /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: tempt /tɛmpt/, collide /kəˈlaɪd/, fulfilment /fʊlˈfɪl.mənt/, indulgent /ɪnˈdʌld͡ʒənt/, internalize /ɪnˈtɝnəlaɪz/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: entrepreneurial /ˌɑn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɝ.i.əl/, fourthly /ˈfɔːɹθ.li/, irrevocable /iˈɹɛvəkəbəl/, paralysis /pəˈɹæləsəs/, perilous /ˈpɛɹ.ɪ.ləs/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 unhappy, tempt, fulfill 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。