シャドーイング練習: How to Find Fulfilling Work - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
レッスンを作成中...
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The idea that work might be fulfilling, rather than just painfully necessary, is a strikingly recent invention.
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Open Dr. Johnson's celebrated dictionary, published in 1755, and the word fulfillment doesn't even appear.
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Nowadays in a prosperous world, we don't only expect to obtain money through our labor, we also, to a greater or lesser extent, expect to find meaning and satisfaction.
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It's a big ask and helps to explain why so many of us have career crises often on a Sunday evening as the Sun begins to set.
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To help us on the quest for fulfilling work here are six useful ideas: Firstly, accept the being confused about careers is perfectly normal.
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In a pre-industrial world there were, at most, some 2,000 different trades out there; nowadays there' are estimated to be half a million different options.
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The result: we can become so anxious about making the wrong choice, we end up making no choice at all; psychologists call this "the paradox of choice", paralysis stemming from too many options.
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We should acknowledge that confusion is natural, and fear entirely normal; but let neither of these scupper our chances forever.
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Secondly, know yourself.
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It's the oldest philosophical recommendation, and has particular relevance to careers.
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For 99% of us knowing what we want to do doesn't arise spontaneously; like for example, knowing what to eat.
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Most of us don't have a calling; we don't hear a commanding god like voice directing us to accountancy, or packaging and distribution.
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That isn't to say we don't have taste or inclinations, we just don't know them clearly enough, which is a perilous position to be in, as not having a plan quickly puts us at the mercy of those who do have one.
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We only catch glimpses, little hints of our tastes.
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So what we have to do is learn to pick up on their faint sounds: start by parking any concerns for money for a time; financial panic too often kills all dialogue with the more authentic, passionate sides of one's nature.
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Write down, without being too logical or analytical about it, everything you've ever enjoyed doing or making, which might include building a tree-house, or sorting out the winter clothes.
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The weirder and more offbeat list, the better.
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In the long and confused tangle that follows there will, somewhere, be the shape of an ideal future working self, but it'll be very messed up, and in need of being analyzed thoroughly That's where philosophy comes in; Philosophy is the art clearing up, and demanding logic of our first thoughts.
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Thirdly, think a lot.
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If it might take a couple of days, even a week, to choose a new car, it could, fairly, take a year or more of sustained daily reflection to start to identify a career that fits.
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We tend to feel guilty about this: imagining we're being self-indulgent-far from it; we may need to empty every weekend for months to sort out the biggest conundrum of our lives.
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To make sure we don't continue to spend the rest of our lives trapped in a job unwittingly chosen for us by our unknowing 16 year old selves, we need to be properly generous about the amount of time we'll need to give this.
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Fourthly, try something It's tempting to imagine we'll be able to work out the shape of the workplace, and of our own characters simply through pure process of reflection, but we need data, and we can only understand ourselves and others by colliding with the real world, in the process getting to know both it and our own natures.
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We need to take small, non-irrevocable steps to gather information, for example by: shadowing, interning, or volunteering.
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We mustn't think we always have to resign on Monday; we can investigate our futures through branching projects on the side of existing jobs.
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Five, reflect on what makes people unhappy.
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Every successful business is at heart an attempt to solve someone else's problem; the bigger and more urgent problem, the greater the opportunity.
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To flex your entrepreneurial muscles, consider an average day and everything in it that might make someone unhappy: from losing the house keys, to finding the food a little greasy, to arguing yet again with their spouse.
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Each of these is a business opportunity waiting to be exploited; it's a chance for us to serve, which is what work really is.
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It's easy to imagine that everything's been done and tried- nonsense; we're unhappy enough for capitalism to have many more centuries of invention and creativity to it.
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Six, be confident.
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So many bad self help books are about confidence; it can be tempting to dismiss the whole topic as nonsense; but in a peculiar and rather humbling way, it really does seem as if the difference between success and failure is sometimes nothing less than the courage to give it a go.
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The ability to imagine oneself into a role, to surmise one doesn't need to ask anyone for permission that many of the top positions simply belong to those who dare to boldly ask for them.
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A lack of confidence is at heart a misunderstanding of the way the world works; it's an internalized feudalism which imagines that only certain people but not oneself, have the right, preordained, to get certain things.
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It isn't true.
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As we know, a lot more is possible than we might think at our moments of timidity and doubt.
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That's a start of the path towards a job we won't regret on our death beds, which should always be the ultimate criterion.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このC1レベルのスピーキングレッスンは、動画「How to Find Fulfilling Work」を教材にしています。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が37文、単語が932語あります。 音声の長さは5:00です。 話す速さは速く、1分あたり約186語です。音のつながりや弱く発音される音が多くなります。 英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は81%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。
この動画の重要語彙
動画の中で特に難しい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| tempt 動詞 | /tɛmpt/ | 誘惑する |
| fulfill 動詞 | /fʊlˈfɪl/ | 遂行する, 実施する |
| invention 名詞 | /ɪnˈvɛnʃən/ | 発明 |
| boldly 副詞 | /ˈboʊldli/ | 大胆に |
| collide 動詞 | /kəˈlaɪd/ | 衝突する, 打つかる |
| criterion 名詞 | /kɹaɪˈtɪɹ.i.ən/ | 基準, 判断基準 |
| feudalism 名詞 | /ˈfju.də.lɪ.zəm/ | 封建制度 |
| greasy 形容詞 | /ˈɡɹi.si/ | 脂っこい |
| internalize 動詞 | /ɪnˈtɝnəlaɪz/ | 内面化する |
| irrevocable 形容詞 | /iˈɹɛvəkəbəl/ | 取り返しのつかない |
| misunderstand 動詞 | /mɪs.ʌn.də(ɹ)ˈstænd/ | 勘違いする, 誤解する |
| paralysis 名詞 | /pəˈɹæləsəs/ | まひ状態, 麻痺 |
| perilous 形容詞 | /ˈpɛɹ.ɪ.ləs/ | 危ない |
| surmise 動詞 | /sɚˈmaɪz/ | 推測する |
| tangle 動詞 | /ˈtæŋ.ɡəl/ | 縺れる |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 意味 |
|---|---|
| write down 動詞 | 書き留める, 記す |
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | are estimated · being analyzed · be exploited |
| 関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える | enough, which is · serve, which is · those who dare |
注意したい発音
話し手はdon't, doesn't, isn'tなど、短縮形や弱形を19回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「th」の音: fourthly /ˈfɔːɹθ.li/, thirdly /ˈθɚdli/, authentic /ɔˈθɛn.tɪk/, thoroughly /ˈθʌɹ.ə.li/
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: invention /ɪnˈvɛnʃən/, inclination /ˌɪn.klɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, dictionary /ˈdɪk.ʃəˌnɛ.ɹi/, recommendation /ˌɹɛkəmɛnˈdeɪʃən/, passionate /ˈpæʃənɪt/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: accountancy /əˈkaʊnt.ən.si/, criterion /kɹaɪˈtɪɹ.i.ən/, entrepreneurial /ˌɑn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɝ.i.əl/, feudalism /ˈfju.də.lɪ.zəm/, inclination /ˌɪn.klɪˈneɪ.ʃən/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: entrepreneurial /ˌɑn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɝ.i.əl/, fourthly /ˈfɔːɹθ.li/, irrevocable /iˈɹɛvəkəbəl/, paralysis /pəˈɹæləsəs/, perilous /ˈpɛɹ.ɪ.ləs/
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: invention /ɪnˈvɛnʃən/, irrevocable /iˈɹɛvəkəbəl/, relevance /ˈɹɛl.ɪ.vən(t)s/, creativity /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/
- /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: fulfill /fʊlˈfɪl/, feudalism /ˈfju.də.lɪ.zəm/, fourthly /ˈfɔːɹθ.li/, fulfilment /fʊlˈfɪl.mənt/, offbeat /ɒfˈbiːt/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。tempt, fulfill, inventionなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。