쉐도잉 연습: How to Find Fulfilling Work - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기
레슨 만드는 중...
1
The idea that work might be fulfilling, rather than just painfully necessary, is a strikingly recent invention.
2
Open Dr. Johnson's celebrated dictionary, published in 1755, and the word fulfillment doesn't even appear.
3
Nowadays in a prosperous world, we don't only expect to obtain money through our labor, we also, to a greater or lesser extent, expect to find meaning and satisfaction.
4
It's a big ask and helps to explain why so many of us have career crises often on a Sunday evening as the Sun begins to set.
5
To help us on the quest for fulfilling work here are six useful ideas: Firstly, accept the being confused about careers is perfectly normal.
6
In a pre-industrial world there were, at most, some 2,000 different trades out there; nowadays there' are estimated to be half a million different options.
7
The result: we can become so anxious about making the wrong choice, we end up making no choice at all; psychologists call this "the paradox of choice", paralysis stemming from too many options.
8
We should acknowledge that confusion is natural, and fear entirely normal; but let neither of these scupper our chances forever.
9
Secondly, know yourself.
10
It's the oldest philosophical recommendation, and has particular relevance to careers.
11
For 99% of us knowing what we want to do doesn't arise spontaneously; like for example, knowing what to eat.
12
Most of us don't have a calling; we don't hear a commanding god like voice directing us to accountancy, or packaging and distribution.
13
That isn't to say we don't have taste or inclinations, we just don't know them clearly enough, which is a perilous position to be in, as not having a plan quickly puts us at the mercy of those who do have one.
14
We only catch glimpses, little hints of our tastes.
15
So what we have to do is learn to pick up on their faint sounds: start by parking any concerns for money for a time; financial panic too often kills all dialogue with the more authentic, passionate sides of one's nature.
16
Write down, without being too logical or analytical about it, everything you've ever enjoyed doing or making, which might include building a tree-house, or sorting out the winter clothes.
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The weirder and more offbeat list, the better.
18
In the long and confused tangle that follows there will, somewhere, be the shape of an ideal future working self, but it'll be very messed up, and in need of being analyzed thoroughly That's where philosophy comes in; Philosophy is the art clearing up, and demanding logic of our first thoughts.
19
Thirdly, think a lot.
20
If it might take a couple of days, even a week, to choose a new car, it could, fairly, take a year or more of sustained daily reflection to start to identify a career that fits.
21
We tend to feel guilty about this: imagining we're being self-indulgent-far from it; we may need to empty every weekend for months to sort out the biggest conundrum of our lives.
22
To make sure we don't continue to spend the rest of our lives trapped in a job unwittingly chosen for us by our unknowing 16 year old selves, we need to be properly generous about the amount of time we'll need to give this.
23
Fourthly, try something It's tempting to imagine we'll be able to work out the shape of the workplace, and of our own characters simply through pure process of reflection, but we need data, and we can only understand ourselves and others by colliding with the real world, in the process getting to know both it and our own natures.
24
We need to take small, non-irrevocable steps to gather information, for example by: shadowing, interning, or volunteering.
25
We mustn't think we always have to resign on Monday; we can investigate our futures through branching projects on the side of existing jobs.
26
Five, reflect on what makes people unhappy.
27
Every successful business is at heart an attempt to solve someone else's problem; the bigger and more urgent problem, the greater the opportunity.
28
To flex your entrepreneurial muscles, consider an average day and everything in it that might make someone unhappy: from losing the house keys, to finding the food a little greasy, to arguing yet again with their spouse.
29
Each of these is a business opportunity waiting to be exploited; it's a chance for us to serve, which is what work really is.
30
It's easy to imagine that everything's been done and tried- nonsense; we're unhappy enough for capitalism to have many more centuries of invention and creativity to it.
31
Six, be confident.
32
So many bad self help books are about confidence; it can be tempting to dismiss the whole topic as nonsense; but in a peculiar and rather humbling way, it really does seem as if the difference between success and failure is sometimes nothing less than the courage to give it a go.
33
The ability to imagine oneself into a role, to surmise one doesn't need to ask anyone for permission that many of the top positions simply belong to those who dare to boldly ask for them.
34
A lack of confidence is at heart a misunderstanding of the way the world works; it's an internalized feudalism which imagines that only certain people but not oneself, have the right, preordained, to get certain things.
35
It isn't true.
36
As we know, a lot more is possible than we might think at our moments of timidity and doubt.
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That's a start of the path towards a job we won't regret on our death beds, which should always be the ultimate criterion.
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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트
이 C1 수준 말하기 레슨은 영상 “How to Find Fulfilling Work”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 37개와 단어 932개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 5:00입니다. 화자는 분당 약 186단어로 빠르게 말하므로 연음과 약하게 발음되는 소리가 많습니다. 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속하는 단어가 81%뿐이라 어휘가 어려운 편입니다.
이 영상의 핵심 어휘
영상에서 가장 어려운 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 단어 | 발음 | 뜻 |
|---|---|---|
| fulfill 동사 | /fʊlˈfɪl/ | 수행하다 |
| invention 명사 | /ɪnˈvɛnʃən/ | 발명 |
| collide 동사 | /kəˈlaɪd/ | 충돌하다, 부딪히다 |
| criterion 명사 | /kɹaɪˈtɪɹ.i.ən/ | 표준 |
| feudalism 명사 | /ˈfju.də.lɪ.zəm/ | 봉건제도 |
| misunderstand 동사 | /mɪs.ʌn.də(ɹ)ˈstænd/ | 오해하다 |
| paralysis 명사 | /pəˈɹæləsəs/ | 마비 |
| spontaneously 부사 | /spɑnˈteɪ.ni.əs.li/ | 자발적으로 |
| thirdly 부사 | /ˈθɚdli/ | 셋째로 |
| paradox 명사 | /ˈpæ.ɹəˌdɒks/ | 모순, 자가당착 |
| peculiar 형용사 | /pɪˈkjul.jɚ/ | 기묘한 |
| intern 명사 | /ˈɪntɝn/ | 인턴, 실습생 |
| faint 형용사 | /feɪnt/ | 가냘프다 |
| psychologist 명사 | /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/ | 심리학자 |
| exploit 명사 | /ˈɛksplɔɪt/ | 위업, 공훈 |
영상에 나오는 구동사
| 단어 | 뜻 |
|---|---|
| write down 동사 | 적다, 적어 두다 |
이 영상의 문법
화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 문형 | 영상 속 표현 |
|---|---|
| 수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점 | are estimated · being analyzed · be exploited |
| 관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보 | enough, which is · serve, which is · those who dare |
주의할 발음
화자는 don't, doesn't, isn't 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 19번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.
- “th” 소리: fourthly /ˈfɔːɹθ.li/, thirdly /ˈθɚdli/, authentic /ɔˈθɛn.tɪk/, thoroughly /ˈθʌɹ.ə.li/
- “sh”와 “zh” 소리: invention /ɪnˈvɛnʃən/, inclination /ˌɪn.klɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, dictionary /ˈdɪk.ʃəˌnɛ.ɹi/, recommendation /ˌɹɛkəmɛnˈdeɪʃən/, passionate /ˈpæʃənɪt/
- 긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: accountancy /əˈkaʊnt.ən.si/, criterion /kɹaɪˈtɪɹ.i.ən/, entrepreneurial /ˌɑn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɝ.i.əl/, feudalism /ˈfju.də.lɪ.zəm/, inclination /ˌɪn.klɪˈneɪ.ʃən/
한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:
- /f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: fulfill /fʊlˈfɪl/, feudalism /ˈfju.də.lɪ.zəm/, fourthly /ˈfɔːɹθ.li/, fulfilment /fʊlˈfɪl.mənt/, offbeat /ɒfˈbiːt/
- /v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: invention /ɪnˈvɛnʃən/, irrevocable /iˈɹɛvəkəbəl/, relevance /ˈɹɛl.ɪ.vən(t)s/, creativity /kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/
- /z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: feudalism /ˈfju.də.lɪ.zəm/, internalize /ɪnˈtɝnəlaɪz/, surmise /sɚˈmaɪz/, analyze /ˈæn.əˌlaɪz/, arise /əˈɹaɪz/
이 영상으로 연습하는 방법
- 먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
- 0.75배속으로 한 문장씩 섀도잉을 시작하고, 익숙해지면 보통 속도로 돌아갑니다.
- 자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, fulfill, invention, collide 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.