跟读练习: How To Simplify Your Life - 通过视频学习英语口语
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It's well understood by good parents that life should only ever get so exciting for a baby.
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After friends have come round and brought presents and made animated faces, after there's been some cake and some cuddles,
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after there have been a lot of bright lights and perhaps some songs too, enough is enough.
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The baby will start to look stern and then burst into tears and the wise parent knows that nothing is particularly wrong, though the baby may by now be wailing.
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It's just time for a nap.
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The brain needs to process, digest and divide up the welter of experiences that have been ingested and so the curtains are drawn,
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baby is laid down next to the soft toys and soon it's asleep and calm descends.
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Everyone knows that life is going to be a lot more manageable again in an hour.
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Sadly, we exercise no such caution with ourselves.
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We schedule a week in which we're going to see friends every night, in which we're going to do 12 meetings, three of them requiring a lot of preparation,
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where we'll make a quick overnight dash to another country on the Wednesday, where we'll watch three films, read 14 newspapers, change six pairs of sheets, have five heavy meals after 8pm and drink 30 cups of coffee
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and then we lament that our lives are not as calm as they might be
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and that we are close to mental collapse.
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We refuse to take seriously how much of our babyhood is left inside our adult selves
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and therefore how much care we have to take to keep things simple and very, very calm.
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What registers as anxiety is typically no freakish phenomenon.
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It is our minds logical, simple, enraged plea not to be continuously and exhaustingly overstimulated.
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These are some of the things we may need to do to simplify our lives.
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It is theoretically a privilege to have a lot of people to see and things to do.
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It is also, psychologically speaking, exhausting and ultimately therefore rather dangerous.
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The manner of expression is a little dated and brutal and one might want to quibble over for the exact timings, but this point from Friedrich Nietzsche remains acute.
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Today, as always, men fall into two groups, slaves and free men.
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Whoever does not have two -thirds of his day for himself is a slave, whatever else he may be, a statesman, a businessman, an official or a scholar.
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We need to recognise that what is physically possible for us to achieve in a day is not, for that matter, psychologically wise or plausible.
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It may well be feasible to nip over to a foreign capital
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or two in a day and run a company alongside managing a household.
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But nor should we be surprised if such routines ultimately contribute to a breakdown.
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Plenty of it, of course, at least seven hours.
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Or, if we can't manage it, we need at a minimum fully to recognise how much we are deprived, so that we won't aggravate our sorrows by searching for abstruse explanations for them.
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We don't necessarily have to get divorced, retrain in a completely different profession or move country.
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We may just need to get some more rest.
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What we're taking in when we check our phones is perhaps the single greatest contributor to our mental ill health.
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For most of history, it was inconceivable that there could ever be such a thing as too much news.
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Information from political circles or foreign countries was rare, prized and expensive.
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But since the middle of the 20th century, news has been commodified and in the process it has become a major, though still too little known, risk to our mental survival.
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Every minute of every day presents us with untold options for filling our minds with the mania, exploits, disasters, furies, reversals, triumphs,
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insanity and cataclysms of complete strangers all around our benighted planet.
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Always, news organisations speak of our need to know and the need to know right now.
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But what they have left out is our equally great and often even greater need not to know.
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Because we can't change anything, because the stories are too violent, dispiriting and sad, because our minds are fragile, because we have responsibilities closer to home,
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because we need to lead our own lives rather than be
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torn apart by stories of the lives of others who are ultimately as remote from
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and irrelevant to us as the inhabitants of the Egyptian court of King Sinaferu in late 2613 BC.
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Insomnia and anxiety are the mind's revenge for all the thoughts we refuse to have consciously during the day.
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In order to be able to find rest, we need to carve off chunks of time where we have
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nothing to do other than lie in bed with a pad and paper in order to think.
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We need to consider three topics in particular.
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Firstly, what's making me anxious?
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Secondly, what's caused me pain and how, and thirdly, what's exciting me.
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We need to sift through the chaotic contents of our minds.
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Every hour of living requires at least ten minutes of sifting.
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Of course, it might be pleasant to be extraordinary, famous and world -beating.
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But maybe it will be an even greater achievement to stay sane and kind.
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We might opt not to conquer the world in favour of living a longer and more serene life.
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We are not backing away from a challenge, we are simply shifting our sense of what the real challenge might be and, more importantly, where the real rewards may lie.
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A quiet life isn't necessarily one of resignation or flight.
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It may constitute a supremely wise recognition that the truly satisfying things are available away from the spotlight and the big cities,
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on modest salaries and as far as possible from the manic, sleepless competition to win the professional status race.
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As we're discovering, excitement can be fun for a time, but also it kills.
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Simplicity is true wisdom.
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We may need a lot more naps.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节口语课以视频“How To Simplify Your Life”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：minds, lives, baby。 这段视频共有 61 个句子、1011 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 6:10。 说话人语速自然，每分钟约 164 个词，接近日常对话。 只有 80% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| necessarily 副词 | /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/ | 必然地, 必定地 |
| anxiety 名词 | /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/ | 焦慮 /焦虑, 担心 |
| refuse 动词 | /ɹɪˈfjuːz/ | 拒絕 /拒绝, 回絕 /回绝 |
| tear 动词 | /tɛɹ/ | 撕, 撕破 |
| slave 名词 | /sleɪv/ | 奴隸 /奴隶 |
| topic 名词 | /ˈtɑpɪk/ | 主題 /主题, 話題 /话题 |
| meal 名词 | /ˈmiːl/ | 餐, 飯 /饭 |
| recognition 名词 | /ˌɹɛkəɡˈnɪʃ(ə)n/ | 認出 /认出 |
| violent 形容词 | /ˈvaɪ.ə.lənt/ | 暴力, 強烈 /强烈 |
| alongside | /əˌlɔŋˈsaɪd/ | 旁邊 /旁边 |
| explanation 名词 | /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/ | 解釋 /解释, 說明 /说明 |
| remote 形容词 | /ɹəˈməʊt̞/ | 遠 /远, 遙遠 /遥远 |
| sheet 名词 | /ʃit/ | 篇, 張 /张 |
| disaster 名词 | /dɪˈzɑːs.təː/ | 災難 /灾难, 災害 /灾害 |
| discover 动词 | /dɪˈskʌvə/ | 發現 /发现, 發覺 /发觉 |
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | have come · have been · have been ingested |
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | have been ingested · is laid · is left |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 11 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 we're, can't, we'll。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: recognition /ˌɹɛkəɡˈnɪʃ(ə)n/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, sheet /ʃit/, organisation /ˈɔː.ɡə.naɪˌzeɪ.ʃən/, preparation /ˌpɹɛpəˈɹeɪʃ(ə)n/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, recognition /ˌɹɛkəɡˈnɪʃ(ə)n/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, extraordinary /ɪksˈtɹɔːrdɪn(ə)ɹi/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: slave /sleɪv/, violent /ˈvaɪ.ə.lənt/, whoever /huˈɛvɚ/, discover /dɪˈskʌvə/, survival /sɚˈvaɪ.vəl/
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: refuse /ɹɪˈfjuːz/, slave /sleɪv/, topic /ˈtɑpɪk/, household /ˈhaʊshoʊld/, violent /ˈvaɪ.ə.lənt/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, salary /ˈsæləɹi/, privilege /ˈpɹɪv.(ɪ.)lɪd͡ʒ/, brutal /ˈbɹuːtəl/, importantly /ɪmˈpɔɹ.tənt.li/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 necessarily, anxiety, refuse 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。