Prática de Shadowing: How To Simplify Your Life - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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It's well understood by good parents that life should only ever get so exciting for a baby.
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After friends have come round and brought presents and made animated faces, after there's been some cake and some cuddles,
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after there have been a lot of bright lights and perhaps some songs too, enough is enough.
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The baby will start to look stern and then burst into tears and the wise parent knows that nothing is particularly wrong, though the baby may by now be wailing.
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It's just time for a nap.
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The brain needs to process, digest and divide up the welter of experiences that have been ingested and so the curtains are drawn,
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baby is laid down next to the soft toys and soon it's asleep and calm descends.
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Everyone knows that life is going to be a lot more manageable again in an hour.
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Sadly, we exercise no such caution with ourselves.
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We schedule a week in which we're going to see friends every night, in which we're going to do 12 meetings, three of them requiring a lot of preparation,
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where we'll make a quick overnight dash to another country on the Wednesday, where we'll watch three films, read 14 newspapers, change six pairs of sheets, have five heavy meals after 8pm and drink 30 cups of coffee
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and then we lament that our lives are not as calm as they might be
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and that we are close to mental collapse.
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We refuse to take seriously how much of our babyhood is left inside our adult selves
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and therefore how much care we have to take to keep things simple and very, very calm.
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What registers as anxiety is typically no freakish phenomenon.
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It is our minds logical, simple, enraged plea not to be continuously and exhaustingly overstimulated.
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These are some of the things we may need to do to simplify our lives.
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It is theoretically a privilege to have a lot of people to see and things to do.
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It is also, psychologically speaking, exhausting and ultimately therefore rather dangerous.
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The manner of expression is a little dated and brutal and one might want to quibble over for the exact timings, but this point from Friedrich Nietzsche remains acute.
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Today, as always, men fall into two groups, slaves and free men.
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Whoever does not have two -thirds of his day for himself is a slave, whatever else he may be, a statesman, a businessman, an official or a scholar.
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We need to recognise that what is physically possible for us to achieve in a day is not, for that matter, psychologically wise or plausible.
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It may well be feasible to nip over to a foreign capital
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or two in a day and run a company alongside managing a household.
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But nor should we be surprised if such routines ultimately contribute to a breakdown.
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Plenty of it, of course, at least seven hours.
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Or, if we can't manage it, we need at a minimum fully to recognise how much we are deprived, so that we won't aggravate our sorrows by searching for abstruse explanations for them.
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We don't necessarily have to get divorced, retrain in a completely different profession or move country.
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We may just need to get some more rest.
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What we're taking in when we check our phones is perhaps the single greatest contributor to our mental ill health.
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For most of history, it was inconceivable that there could ever be such a thing as too much news.
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Information from political circles or foreign countries was rare, prized and expensive.
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But since the middle of the 20th century, news has been commodified and in the process it has become a major, though still too little known, risk to our mental survival.
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Every minute of every day presents us with untold options for filling our minds with the mania, exploits, disasters, furies, reversals, triumphs,
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insanity and cataclysms of complete strangers all around our benighted planet.
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Always, news organisations speak of our need to know and the need to know right now.
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But what they have left out is our equally great and often even greater need not to know.
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Because we can't change anything, because the stories are too violent, dispiriting and sad, because our minds are fragile, because we have responsibilities closer to home,
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because we need to lead our own lives rather than be
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torn apart by stories of the lives of others who are ultimately as remote from
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and irrelevant to us as the inhabitants of the Egyptian court of King Sinaferu in late 2613 BC.
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Insomnia and anxiety are the mind's revenge for all the thoughts we refuse to have consciously during the day.
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In order to be able to find rest, we need to carve off chunks of time where we have
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nothing to do other than lie in bed with a pad and paper in order to think.
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We need to consider three topics in particular.
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Firstly, what's making me anxious?
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Secondly, what's caused me pain and how, and thirdly, what's exciting me.
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We need to sift through the chaotic contents of our minds.
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Every hour of living requires at least ten minutes of sifting.
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Of course, it might be pleasant to be extraordinary, famous and world -beating.
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But maybe it will be an even greater achievement to stay sane and kind.
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We might opt not to conquer the world in favour of living a longer and more serene life.
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We are not backing away from a challenge, we are simply shifting our sense of what the real challenge might be and, more importantly, where the real rewards may lie.
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A quiet life isn't necessarily one of resignation or flight.
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It may constitute a supremely wise recognition that the truly satisfying things are available away from the spotlight and the big cities,
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on modest salaries and as far as possible from the manic, sleepless competition to win the professional status race.
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As we're discovering, excitement can be fun for a time, but also it kills.
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Simplicity is true wisdom.
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We may need a lot more naps.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “How To Simplify Your Life”. As palavras que mais se repetem: minds, lives, baby. Este vídeo tem 61 frases e 1011 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 6:10. O falante fala em ritmo natural, cerca de 164 palavras por minuto, próximo de uma conversa do dia a dia. Apenas 80% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| necessarily advérbio | /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/ | necessariamente |
| anxiety substantivo | /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/ | angústia, ansiedade |
| refuse verbo | /ɹɪˈfjuːz/ | recusar |
| tear verbo | /tɛɹ/ | rasgar |
| slave substantivo | /sleɪv/ | escravo, escrava |
| topic substantivo | /ˈtɑpɪk/ | tópico, assunto |
| meal substantivo | /ˈmiːl/ | refeição |
| household adjetivo | /ˈhaʊshoʊld/ | familiar |
| recognition substantivo | /ˌɹɛkəɡˈnɪʃ(ə)n/ | reconhecimento |
| violent adjetivo | /ˈvaɪ.ə.lənt/ | violento |
| alongside | /əˌlɔŋˈsaɪd/ | junto a, juntamente com |
| explanation substantivo | /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/ | explicação, explanação |
| whoever | /huˈɛvɚ/ | quem, quem quer que |
| remote adjetivo | /ɹəˈməʊt̞/ | remoto, longínquo |
| sheet substantivo | /ʃit/ | folha |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Significado |
|---|---|
| lay down verbo | desistir, recuar |
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | have come · have been · have been ingested |
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | have been ingested · is laid · is left |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 11 contrações e formas reduzidas, como we're, can't, we'll. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: recognition /ˌɹɛkəɡˈnɪʃ(ə)n/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, sheet /ʃit/, organisation /ˈɔː.ɡə.naɪˌzeɪ.ʃən/, preparation /ˌpɹɛpəˈɹeɪʃ(ə)n/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.əti/, recognition /ˌɹɛkəɡˈnɪʃ(ə)n/, explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/, extraordinary /ɪksˈtɹɔːrdɪn(ə)ɹi/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: topic /ˈtɑpɪk/, household /ˈhaʊshoʊld/, violent /ˈvaɪ.ə.lənt/, alongside /əˌlɔŋˈsaɪd/, sheet /ʃit/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: meal /ˈmiːl/, survival /sɚˈvaɪ.vəl/, logical /ˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/, brutal /ˈbɹuːtəl/, fragile /ˈfɹæd͡ʒəl/
- /h/ — um sopro suave, diferente do “r”: household /ˈhaʊshoʊld/, whoever /huˈɛvɚ/, babyhood /ˈbeɪbihʊd/, inhabitant /ɪnˈhæb.ɪ.tənt/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como necessarily, anxiety, refuse.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.