跟读练习: Imagine You Liked Yourself - Naval Ravikant - 通过视频学习英语口语
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167 句
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the worst outcome in the world is not having self-esteem why yeah it's a tough one uh well
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i i i look at the people and i don't want to offend anybody
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but i look at the people who don't like themselves
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and that's the toughest slot because they're always wrestling with themselves
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and it's hard enough to face the outside world um
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and no one's going to like you more than you like yourself
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so if you're struggling with yourself then the outside world becomes an insurmountable challenge.
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And it's hard to say why people have low self-esteem.
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It might be genetic.
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It might just be circumstantial.
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A lot of times I think it's because they just weren't unconditionally loved as a child.
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And that sort of seeps in at a deep core level.
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But self-esteem issues can be the most limiting.
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One interesting thought is that, you know, to some extent, self-esteem is the reputation you have with yourself.
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You're watching yourself at all times.
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You know what you're doing and you have your own moral code.
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Everyone has a different moral code.
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But if you don't live up to your own moral code, the same code that you hold others to, it will damage your self-esteem.
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So perhaps one way to build up your self-esteem is to live up to your own code, very rigorously have one and then live up to it.
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Another way to raise your self-esteem might be to do things for others.
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If I look back on my life and, you know, what are the moments that I'm actually proud of?
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There's very far and few between and it's not
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that often it's not the things you would expect it's not the material success it's not having learned this thing
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or that it's when i made a sacrifice for somebody
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or something that i loved and uh that's
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when i'm actually ironically most proud now that's through an explicit mental exercise
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but i'll bet you at some level i'm recording that implicitly
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so that tells me that even
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if i am not being loved then the way to create
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love is to give love to to express love through sacrifice
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and through duty and so i think doing things like that can build up your self-esteem really fast.
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It's interesting when you talk about sacrifice because a lot of the time people say, I sacrifice so much for my job.
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It's like, yeah, but that was you sacrificing something
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that you wanted less for something that you wanted more as opposed to genuinely taking some sort of cost.
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And yeah, I wonder whether if self-esteem is you adhering to your internal,
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your actions and your values aligning even when it's difficult or perhaps even more so when it's difficult,
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I wonder whether there is a price that people who are more introspective, high integrity pay, because you think,
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well, you've got this heavier set of overheads that you need to pay in some way.
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Well, if being ethical were profitable, everybody would do it, right?
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So at some level, it does involve a sacrifice.
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But that sacrifice can also be thought of as you're thinking for the long term rather than the short term.
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For example, the virtues are the set of beliefs that if everybody in society followed them as individuals, it would lead to win-win outcomes for everybody.
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So if I am honest and you are honest, then we can do business more easily.
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We can interact more easily because we can trust each other.
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So even though there might be a few liars in the system, as long as there aren't too many liars and too many cheaters, a high trust society where everybody's honest is better off.
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And I think a lot of the virtues work this way, right?
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If I don't go around sleeping with your wife and you don't sleep with mine, and, you know, if I don't take all the food that's at the table first and so on, then we all get along better and we can play win-win games.
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in game theory the most famous game is prisoner's dilemma
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but that's all about everybody cheating
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and the Nash equilibrium the stable equilibrium there is everybody cheats
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and your fort the only way you can be you can play a win-win game is
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if you have long-term iterated moves
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but that's not actually the most common game played in society
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the most common game played is one called a stag's hunt where
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if we cooperate we can bring down a big stag
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and both have big dinners but
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if we don't cooperate then we have to go hunt like rabbits
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and we each have small dinners so most of uh and
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that game has two stable equilibriums
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and one could be where we're both hunting the rabbit
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and one could be where we're hunting the stag
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so the high trust society is a more most more virtuous
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society where i can trust you to come hunt the stag with me
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and show up on time and do the work
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and divide it up properly
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so you want to live in a system where everybody has their own set of virtues
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and follows them and then we all win.
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But I would argue you don't need to do that for sacrifice.
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You don't need to do that for other people.
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You can do it just purely for yourself.
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You will have higher self-esteem.
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You will attract other high virtue people.
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Would I go on a stag hunt with me?
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Correct.
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Yeah, that's right.
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And if you're the kind of person, if you're the kind of person who long-term signals ethics and virtues,
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then you will attract other people who are ethical and virtuous.
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Whereas if you are a shark, you will eventually find yourself swimming entirely amongst sharks.
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And that's an unpleasant existence.
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But again, this goes back to the equivalent of the marshmallow test.
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And by the way, the marshmallow test does not replicate.
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It's fake science.
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I saw the replication crisis hard recently.
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But it is about trading off the short term for the long term.
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And so I think for a lot of these so-called virtues, there are long-term selfish reasons to be virtuous.
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Yeah.
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Did you deal with self-doubt in the past?
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Is that something that was a hurdle for you to overcome?
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Yes and no. I think I dealt with self-doubt in the sense that, oh, I don't know what I'm doing and I need to figure it out.
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But I didn't doubt myself in the way of somebody else knows better than me for me or that, you know, I'm an idiot or I'm not worthwhile or anything
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that i guess i had the benefit of i grew up
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with a lot of love like the people around me love me unconditionally
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and so that just gave me a lot of confidence uh not the kind of confidence
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that would say i have the answer but the kind of confidence
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that i will figure it out and i know what i want
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or only i am a good arbiter of what i want yeah
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that level of self-belief i suppose allows you to determine what is it
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that matters to me my self-esteem should i chase this thing or not, I can make a fair judgment on that as opposed to being so swayed.
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But it's such a good point about even if you think you're not consciously logging the stuff that you're doing, there is some that's in the back of your mind.
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Was it the daemon?
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Is that what the ancient Greeks or something used to talk about?
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Yeah.
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Also in computer science, there's a concept of a daemon, which is a program that's always running in the background.
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You can't see it.
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But yeah, it probably comes from the ancient Greek daemon.
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But yeah, what you know that you don't even know you know is far greater than what you know you know, right?
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You can't even articulate most of the things you know.
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There are feelings you have that have no words for them.
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There are thoughts you have that are felt within the body or subconsciously that you never articulate to yourself.
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You can't articulate the rules of grammar, yet you exercise them effortlessly when you speak.
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so i would argue that your implicit knowledge and your knowledge
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that is unknown to yourself is far greater than the knowledge you can articulate
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and that you can communicate and
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so at some level you're always watching yourself that's what your
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consciousness is right it's the thing that's watching everything including your mind including your body
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so if you want to uh have high self-esteem then earn your own self-respect i had this idea the internal golden rule.
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So the golden rule says treat others the way that you should be treated, you want to be treated.
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The internal golden rule says treat yourself like others should have treated you.
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And it was a riposte to maybe people that didn't grow up with unconditional love in that way.
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On the love thing, one of the interesting things about love is you can try to remember the feeling of being loved.
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So go back to when someone was in love with you or someone did love you and like, really remember that feeling, like really sit with it and try to recreate it within yourself.
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And then go to the feeling of you loving someone.
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And when you were in love, and I'm not even talking about romantic love necessarily.
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So be a little careful there.
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I'm talking more about like love for it.
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Sometimes get complex if you're talking about past romantic love.
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Right.
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A sibling or a child or something like that or a parent
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and think about when you felt love towards someone or something
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and now which is better and i would argue
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that the feeling of being in love is actually more exhilarating
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than the feeling of being loved being loved is a little
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cloying it's a little too sweet you kind of want to push the person away it's a little embarrassing
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and you know that if that person is too much into it
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that you feel constrained on the other hand the feeling of being in love is very expansive.
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It's very open.
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It actually makes you a better version of yourself.
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It makes you want to be a better person.
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And so you can create love anytime you want.
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It's just that craving to receive it.
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That's the problem.
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That's drinklmnt.com slash modern wisdom.
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Thank you very much for tuning in.
166
If you enjoyed that clip with Naval, just a mere taster, the full length episode is available right here.
167
Go on, watch it.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节 B2 级别的口语课以视频“Imagine You Liked Yourself - Naval Ravikant”为素材。 这段视频共有 167 个句子、2111 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 10:23。 说话人语速较快，每分钟约 203 个词，会出现较多连读和弱读。 85% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，其余的词建议在练习前先学一下。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中最难的 15 个单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| stag 名词 | /stæɡ/ | 雄鹿 |
| virtuous 形容词 | /ˈvɝt͡ʃuəs/ | 有道德的, 有德行的 |
| equilibrium 名词 | /ɛkwɪˈlɪbɹɪəm/ | 平衡 |
| electrolyte 名词 | /ɪˈlɛk.tɹəˌlaɪt/ | 電解質 /电解质 |
| marshmallow 名词 | /ˈmɑɹʃˌmɛl.oʊ/ | 軟糖 /软糖, 果醬軟糖 /果酱软糖 |
| craving 名词 | /ˈkɹeɪ.vɪŋ/ | 渴望, 癖好 |
| cooperate 动词 | /kəʊˈɒp.ə.ɹeɪt/ | 合作, 協力 /协力 |
| oppose 动词 | /əˈpoʊz/ | 阻止, 對抗 /对抗 |
| liar 名词 | /ˈlaɪ.ɚ/ | 說謊者 /说谎者 |
| flavor 名词 | /ˈfleɪvə/ | 味道, 味兒 /味儿 |
| rabbit 名词 | /ˈɹæbɪt/ | 兔子, 白兔 |
| cheat 动词 | /ˈt͡ʃiːt/ | 作弊, 使诈 |
| ethical 形容词 | /ˈɛθɪkəl/ | 道德的 |
| cheater 名词 | /ˈt͡ʃiːtɚ/ | 騙子 /骗子, 作弊者 |
| circumstantial 形容词 | /səɹ.kəmˈstænʃəl/ | 間接證據的 /间接证据的 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| get along 动词 | 相處 /相处 |
| grow up 动词 | 長大 /长大 |
值得反复跟读的句子
视频中简短而完整的句子，可以直接用在日常对话里：
- You're watching yourself at all times.
- You don't need to do that for other people.
- Would I go on a stag hunt with me?
- Did you deal with self-doubt in the past?
- Is that something that was a hurdle for you to overcome?
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 条件句 if + 从句，will/would + 动词 — 条件及其结果 | if being ethical were profitable, everybody would do · if you are a shark, you will eventually |
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | weren't unconditionally loved · being loved · be thought |
| 定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物 | people who don · people who are · person who long |
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | You've probably heard · I've started |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 51 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 don't, you're, I'm。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “th” 音: ethical /ˈɛθɪkəl/, worthwhile /ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/, ethics /ˈɛθ.ɪks/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: marshmallow /ˈmɑɹʃˌmɛl.oʊ/, circumstantial /səɹ.kəmˈstænʃəl/, hydration /haɪˈdɹeɪʃən/, replication /ɹɛplɪˈkeɪʃən/, unconditional /ˌʌnkənˈdɪʃənəl/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: articulate /ɑːɹˈtɪk.jə.leɪt/, genuinely /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ju.ɪn.li/, equilibrium /ɛkwɪˈlɪbɹɪəm/, electrolyte /ɪˈlɛk.tɹəˌlaɪt/, cooperate /kəʊˈɒp.ə.ɹeɪt/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: virtue /ˈvɝt͡ʃu/, virtuous /ˈvɝt͡ʃuəs/, craving /ˈkɹeɪ.vɪŋ/, flavor /ˈfleɪvə/, expansive /ɪkˈspænsɪv/
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: stag /stæɡ/, articulate /ɑːɹˈtɪk.jə.leɪt/, virtuous /ˈvɝt͡ʃuəs/, electrolyte /ɪˈlɛk.tɹəˌlaɪt/, cooperate /kəʊˈɒp.ə.ɹeɪt/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: articulate /ɑːɹˈtɪk.jə.leɪt/, equilibrium /ɛkwɪˈlɪbɹɪəm/, electrolyte /ɪˈlɛk.tɹəˌlaɪt/, marshmallow /ˈmɑɹʃˌmɛl.oʊ/, circumstantial /səɹ.kəmˈstænʃəl/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟读，熟练之后再回到正常速度。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 stag, virtuous, equilibrium 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。