Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: Imagine You Liked Yourself - Naval Ravikant
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167 câu
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the worst outcome in the world is not having self-esteem why yeah it's a tough one uh well
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i i i look at the people and i don't want to offend anybody
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but i look at the people who don't like themselves
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and that's the toughest slot because they're always wrestling with themselves
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and it's hard enough to face the outside world um
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and no one's going to like you more than you like yourself
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so if you're struggling with yourself then the outside world becomes an insurmountable challenge.
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And it's hard to say why people have low self-esteem.
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It might be genetic.
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It might just be circumstantial.
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A lot of times I think it's because they just weren't unconditionally loved as a child.
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And that sort of seeps in at a deep core level.
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But self-esteem issues can be the most limiting.
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One interesting thought is that, you know, to some extent, self-esteem is the reputation you have with yourself.
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You're watching yourself at all times.
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You know what you're doing and you have your own moral code.
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Everyone has a different moral code.
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But if you don't live up to your own moral code, the same code that you hold others to, it will damage your self-esteem.
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So perhaps one way to build up your self-esteem is to live up to your own code, very rigorously have one and then live up to it.
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Another way to raise your self-esteem might be to do things for others.
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If I look back on my life and, you know, what are the moments that I'm actually proud of?
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There's very far and few between and it's not
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that often it's not the things you would expect it's not the material success it's not having learned this thing
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or that it's when i made a sacrifice for somebody
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or something that i loved and uh that's
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when i'm actually ironically most proud now that's through an explicit mental exercise
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but i'll bet you at some level i'm recording that implicitly
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so that tells me that even
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if i am not being loved then the way to create
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love is to give love to to express love through sacrifice
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and through duty and so i think doing things like that can build up your self-esteem really fast.
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It's interesting when you talk about sacrifice because a lot of the time people say, I sacrifice so much for my job.
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It's like, yeah, but that was you sacrificing something
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that you wanted less for something that you wanted more as opposed to genuinely taking some sort of cost.
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And yeah, I wonder whether if self-esteem is you adhering to your internal,
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your actions and your values aligning even when it's difficult or perhaps even more so when it's difficult,
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I wonder whether there is a price that people who are more introspective, high integrity pay, because you think,
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well, you've got this heavier set of overheads that you need to pay in some way.
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Well, if being ethical were profitable, everybody would do it, right?
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So at some level, it does involve a sacrifice.
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But that sacrifice can also be thought of as you're thinking for the long term rather than the short term.
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For example, the virtues are the set of beliefs that if everybody in society followed them as individuals, it would lead to win-win outcomes for everybody.
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So if I am honest and you are honest, then we can do business more easily.
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We can interact more easily because we can trust each other.
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So even though there might be a few liars in the system, as long as there aren't too many liars and too many cheaters, a high trust society where everybody's honest is better off.
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And I think a lot of the virtues work this way, right?
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If I don't go around sleeping with your wife and you don't sleep with mine, and, you know, if I don't take all the food that's at the table first and so on, then we all get along better and we can play win-win games.
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in game theory the most famous game is prisoner's dilemma
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but that's all about everybody cheating
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and the Nash equilibrium the stable equilibrium there is everybody cheats
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and your fort the only way you can be you can play a win-win game is
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if you have long-term iterated moves
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but that's not actually the most common game played in society
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the most common game played is one called a stag's hunt where
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if we cooperate we can bring down a big stag
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and both have big dinners but
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if we don't cooperate then we have to go hunt like rabbits
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and we each have small dinners so most of uh and
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that game has two stable equilibriums
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and one could be where we're both hunting the rabbit
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and one could be where we're hunting the stag
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so the high trust society is a more most more virtuous
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society where i can trust you to come hunt the stag with me
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and show up on time and do the work
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and divide it up properly
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so you want to live in a system where everybody has their own set of virtues
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and follows them and then we all win.
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But I would argue you don't need to do that for sacrifice.
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You don't need to do that for other people.
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You can do it just purely for yourself.
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You will have higher self-esteem.
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You will attract other high virtue people.
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Would I go on a stag hunt with me?
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Correct.
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Yeah, that's right.
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And if you're the kind of person, if you're the kind of person who long-term signals ethics and virtues,
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then you will attract other people who are ethical and virtuous.
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Whereas if you are a shark, you will eventually find yourself swimming entirely amongst sharks.
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And that's an unpleasant existence.
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But again, this goes back to the equivalent of the marshmallow test.
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And by the way, the marshmallow test does not replicate.
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It's fake science.
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I saw the replication crisis hard recently.
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But it is about trading off the short term for the long term.
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And so I think for a lot of these so-called virtues, there are long-term selfish reasons to be virtuous.
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Yeah.
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Did you deal with self-doubt in the past?
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Is that something that was a hurdle for you to overcome?
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Yes and no. I think I dealt with self-doubt in the sense that, oh, I don't know what I'm doing and I need to figure it out.
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But I didn't doubt myself in the way of somebody else knows better than me for me or that, you know, I'm an idiot or I'm not worthwhile or anything
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that i guess i had the benefit of i grew up
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with a lot of love like the people around me love me unconditionally
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and so that just gave me a lot of confidence uh not the kind of confidence
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that would say i have the answer but the kind of confidence
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that i will figure it out and i know what i want
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or only i am a good arbiter of what i want yeah
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that level of self-belief i suppose allows you to determine what is it
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that matters to me my self-esteem should i chase this thing or not, I can make a fair judgment on that as opposed to being so swayed.
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But it's such a good point about even if you think you're not consciously logging the stuff that you're doing, there is some that's in the back of your mind.
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Was it the daemon?
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Is that what the ancient Greeks or something used to talk about?
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Yeah.
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Also in computer science, there's a concept of a daemon, which is a program that's always running in the background.
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You can't see it.
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But yeah, it probably comes from the ancient Greek daemon.
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But yeah, what you know that you don't even know you know is far greater than what you know you know, right?
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You can't even articulate most of the things you know.
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There are feelings you have that have no words for them.
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There are thoughts you have that are felt within the body or subconsciously that you never articulate to yourself.
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You can't articulate the rules of grammar, yet you exercise them effortlessly when you speak.
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so i would argue that your implicit knowledge and your knowledge
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that is unknown to yourself is far greater than the knowledge you can articulate
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and that you can communicate and
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so at some level you're always watching yourself that's what your
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consciousness is right it's the thing that's watching everything including your mind including your body
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so if you want to uh have high self-esteem then earn your own self-respect i had this idea the internal golden rule.
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So the golden rule says treat others the way that you should be treated, you want to be treated.
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The internal golden rule says treat yourself like others should have treated you.
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And it was a riposte to maybe people that didn't grow up with unconditional love in that way.
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On the love thing, one of the interesting things about love is you can try to remember the feeling of being loved.
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So go back to when someone was in love with you or someone did love you and like, really remember that feeling, like really sit with it and try to recreate it within yourself.
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And then go to the feeling of you loving someone.
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And when you were in love, and I'm not even talking about romantic love necessarily.
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So be a little careful there.
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I'm talking more about like love for it.
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Sometimes get complex if you're talking about past romantic love.
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Right.
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A sibling or a child or something like that or a parent
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and think about when you felt love towards someone or something
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and now which is better and i would argue
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that the feeling of being in love is actually more exhilarating
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than the feeling of being loved being loved is a little
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cloying it's a little too sweet you kind of want to push the person away it's a little embarrassing
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and you know that if that person is too much into it
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that you feel constrained on the other hand the feeling of being in love is very expansive.
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It's very open.
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It actually makes you a better version of yourself.
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It makes you want to be a better person.
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And so you can create love anytime you want.
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It's just that craving to receive it.
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That's the problem.
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A quick aside.
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That's drinklmnt.com slash modern wisdom.
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Thank you very much for tuning in.
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If you enjoyed that clip with Naval, just a mere taster, the full length episode is available right here.
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Go on, watch it.
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Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này
Bài luyện nói trình độ B2 này dựa trên video “Imagine You Liked Yourself - Naval Ravikant”. Video này có 167 câu và 2111 từ để luyện shadowing. Phần lời nói dài 10:23. Người nói nói nhanh, khoảng 203 từ mỗi phút, nên sẽ có nhiều chỗ nối âm và nuốt âm. 85% số từ nằm trong 3.000 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất; phần còn lại nên xem trước khi luyện.
Từ vựng quan trọng trong video
15 từ khó nhất trong video, kèm phiên âm và nghĩa:
| Từ | Phiên âm | Nghĩa |
|---|---|---|
| virtuous tính từ | /ˈvɝt͡ʃuəs/ | có đạo đức, có đức hạnh |
| equilibrium danh từ | /ɛkwɪˈlɪbɹɪəm/ | cân bằng |
| electrolyte danh từ | /ɪˈlɛk.tɹəˌlaɪt/ | chất điện li, chất điện giải |
| cooperate động từ | /kəʊˈɒp.ə.ɹeɪt/ | cộng tác |
| oppose động từ | /əˈpoʊz/ | chống đối |
| liar danh từ | /ˈlaɪ.ɚ/ | kẻ nói dối, kẻ nói láo |
| flavor danh từ | /ˈfleɪvə/ | hương vị |
| rabbit danh từ | /ˈɹæbɪt/ | thỏ |
| cheat động từ | /ˈt͡ʃiːt/ | gian lận, bịp |
| embarrass động từ | /ɪmˈbæɹəs/ | làm xấu hổ |
| hurdle danh từ | /ˈhɝd(ə)l/ | cừu |
| magnesium danh từ | /ˌmæɡˈnizi.əm/ | magiê |
| unconditional tính từ | /ˌʌnkənˈdɪʃənəl/ | không điều kiện |
| offend động từ | /əˈfɛnd/ | xúc phạm |
| potassium danh từ | /pəˈtæsiəm/ | kali |
Những câu đáng luyện lại
Các câu ngắn, trọn ý trong video mà bạn có thể dùng lại khi giao tiếp hằng ngày:
- You're watching yourself at all times.
- You don't need to do that for other people.
- Would I go on a stag hunt with me?
- Did you deal with self-doubt in the past?
- Is that something that was a hurdle for you to overcome?
Ngữ pháp trong video
Những cấu trúc người nói dùng nhiều nhất, kèm đúng cụm từ trong video:
| Cấu trúc | Trong video |
|---|---|
| Câu điều kiện if + mệnh đề, will/would + động từ — điều kiện và kết quả | if being ethical were profitable, everybody would do · if you are a shark, you will eventually |
| Câu bị động be + quá khứ phân từ — nhấn vào việc xảy ra, không phải người làm | being loved · be thought · are felt |
| Mệnh đề quan hệ who / which + mệnh đề — thêm thông tin về người hoặc vật | people who don · people who are · person who long |
| Thì hiện tại hoàn thành have/has + quá khứ phân từ — việc đã xảy ra nhưng còn liên quan đến hiện tại | You've probably heard · I've started |
Phát âm cần chú ý
Người nói dùng 51 dạng rút gọn, ví dụ don't, you're, I'm. Hãy nói theo dạng ngắn đúng như bạn nghe.
- Âm “th”: ethical /ˈɛθɪkəl/, worthwhile /ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/, ethics /ˈɛθ.ɪks/
- Âm “sh” và “zh”: marshmallow /ˈmɑɹʃˌmɛl.oʊ/, circumstantial /səɹ.kəmˈstænʃəl/, hydration /haɪˈdɹeɪʃən/, replication /ɹɛplɪˈkeɪʃən/, unconditional /ˌʌnkənˈdɪʃənəl/
- Từ dài — đặt trọng âm cho đúng: articulate /ɑːɹˈtɪk.jə.leɪt/, genuinely /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ju.ɪn.li/, equilibrium /ɛkwɪˈlɪbɹɪəm/, electrolyte /ɪˈlɛk.tɹəˌlaɪt/, cooperate /kəʊˈɒp.ə.ɹeɪt/
Những âm người Việt thường gặp khó:
- Cụm phụ âm cuối — đọc đủ từng âm, đừng nuốt âm cuối: riposte /ɹɪˈpoʊst/, offend /əˈfɛnd/, ingredient /ɪnˈɡɹiːdi.ənt/, refund /ɹɪˈfʌnd/, junk /d͡ʒʌŋk/
- Âm /tʃ/, /dʒ/ và /ʒ/ — tiếng Việt không có, đừng đọc thành “ch” hay “gi”: virtue /ˈvɝt͡ʃu/, genuinely /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ju.ɪn.li/, virtuous /ˈvɝt͡ʃuəs/, cheat /ˈt͡ʃiːt/, cheater /ˈt͡ʃiːtɚ/
- Âm /æ/ — mở miệng rộng hơn âm “e”: stag /stæɡ/, rabbit /ˈɹæbɪt/, circumstantial /səɹ.kəmˈstænʃəl/, embarrass /ɪmˈbæɹəs/, expansive /ɪkˈspænsɪv/
Cách luyện với video này
- Nghe hết video một lần, chưa cần nói, và ghi lại những từ bạn chưa biết.
- Bắt đầu ở tốc độ 0,75×, nói đuổi từng câu, rồi quay lại tốc độ bình thường khi đã quen.
- Ghi âm giọng mình rồi so với bản gốc, chú ý các từ như virtuous, equilibrium, electrolyte.
Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?
Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.