跟讀練習: Imagine You Liked Yourself - Naval Ravikant - 通過影片學習英語口語
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167 句
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1
the worst outcome in the world is not having self-esteem why yeah it's a tough one uh well
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i i i look at the people and i don't want to offend anybody
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but i look at the people who don't like themselves
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and that's the toughest slot because they're always wrestling with themselves
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and it's hard enough to face the outside world um
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and no one's going to like you more than you like yourself
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so if you're struggling with yourself then the outside world becomes an insurmountable challenge.
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And it's hard to say why people have low self-esteem.
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It might be genetic.
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It might just be circumstantial.
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A lot of times I think it's because they just weren't unconditionally loved as a child.
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And that sort of seeps in at a deep core level.
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But self-esteem issues can be the most limiting.
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One interesting thought is that, you know, to some extent, self-esteem is the reputation you have with yourself.
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You're watching yourself at all times.
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You know what you're doing and you have your own moral code.
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Everyone has a different moral code.
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But if you don't live up to your own moral code, the same code that you hold others to, it will damage your self-esteem.
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So perhaps one way to build up your self-esteem is to live up to your own code, very rigorously have one and then live up to it.
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Another way to raise your self-esteem might be to do things for others.
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If I look back on my life and, you know, what are the moments that I'm actually proud of?
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There's very far and few between and it's not
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that often it's not the things you would expect it's not the material success it's not having learned this thing
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or that it's when i made a sacrifice for somebody
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or something that i loved and uh that's
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when i'm actually ironically most proud now that's through an explicit mental exercise
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but i'll bet you at some level i'm recording that implicitly
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so that tells me that even
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if i am not being loved then the way to create
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love is to give love to to express love through sacrifice
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and through duty and so i think doing things like that can build up your self-esteem really fast.
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It's interesting when you talk about sacrifice because a lot of the time people say, I sacrifice so much for my job.
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It's like, yeah, but that was you sacrificing something
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that you wanted less for something that you wanted more as opposed to genuinely taking some sort of cost.
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And yeah, I wonder whether if self-esteem is you adhering to your internal,
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your actions and your values aligning even when it's difficult or perhaps even more so when it's difficult,
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I wonder whether there is a price that people who are more introspective, high integrity pay, because you think,
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well, you've got this heavier set of overheads that you need to pay in some way.
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Well, if being ethical were profitable, everybody would do it, right?
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So at some level, it does involve a sacrifice.
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But that sacrifice can also be thought of as you're thinking for the long term rather than the short term.
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For example, the virtues are the set of beliefs that if everybody in society followed them as individuals, it would lead to win-win outcomes for everybody.
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So if I am honest and you are honest, then we can do business more easily.
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We can interact more easily because we can trust each other.
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So even though there might be a few liars in the system, as long as there aren't too many liars and too many cheaters, a high trust society where everybody's honest is better off.
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And I think a lot of the virtues work this way, right?
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If I don't go around sleeping with your wife and you don't sleep with mine, and, you know, if I don't take all the food that's at the table first and so on, then we all get along better and we can play win-win games.
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in game theory the most famous game is prisoner's dilemma
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but that's all about everybody cheating
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and the Nash equilibrium the stable equilibrium there is everybody cheats
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and your fort the only way you can be you can play a win-win game is
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if you have long-term iterated moves
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but that's not actually the most common game played in society
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the most common game played is one called a stag's hunt where
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if we cooperate we can bring down a big stag
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and both have big dinners but
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if we don't cooperate then we have to go hunt like rabbits
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and we each have small dinners so most of uh and
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that game has two stable equilibriums
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and one could be where we're both hunting the rabbit
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and one could be where we're hunting the stag
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so the high trust society is a more most more virtuous
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society where i can trust you to come hunt the stag with me
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and show up on time and do the work
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and divide it up properly
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so you want to live in a system where everybody has their own set of virtues
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and follows them and then we all win.
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But I would argue you don't need to do that for sacrifice.
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You don't need to do that for other people.
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You can do it just purely for yourself.
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You will have higher self-esteem.
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You will attract other high virtue people.
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Would I go on a stag hunt with me?
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Correct.
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Yeah, that's right.
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And if you're the kind of person, if you're the kind of person who long-term signals ethics and virtues,
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then you will attract other people who are ethical and virtuous.
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Whereas if you are a shark, you will eventually find yourself swimming entirely amongst sharks.
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And that's an unpleasant existence.
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But again, this goes back to the equivalent of the marshmallow test.
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And by the way, the marshmallow test does not replicate.
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It's fake science.
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I saw the replication crisis hard recently.
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But it is about trading off the short term for the long term.
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And so I think for a lot of these so-called virtues, there are long-term selfish reasons to be virtuous.
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Yeah.
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Did you deal with self-doubt in the past?
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Is that something that was a hurdle for you to overcome?
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Yes and no. I think I dealt with self-doubt in the sense that, oh, I don't know what I'm doing and I need to figure it out.
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But I didn't doubt myself in the way of somebody else knows better than me for me or that, you know, I'm an idiot or I'm not worthwhile or anything
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that i guess i had the benefit of i grew up
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with a lot of love like the people around me love me unconditionally
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and so that just gave me a lot of confidence uh not the kind of confidence
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that would say i have the answer but the kind of confidence
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that i will figure it out and i know what i want
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or only i am a good arbiter of what i want yeah
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that level of self-belief i suppose allows you to determine what is it
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that matters to me my self-esteem should i chase this thing or not, I can make a fair judgment on that as opposed to being so swayed.
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But it's such a good point about even if you think you're not consciously logging the stuff that you're doing, there is some that's in the back of your mind.
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Was it the daemon?
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Is that what the ancient Greeks or something used to talk about?
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Yeah.
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Also in computer science, there's a concept of a daemon, which is a program that's always running in the background.
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You can't see it.
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But yeah, it probably comes from the ancient Greek daemon.
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But yeah, what you know that you don't even know you know is far greater than what you know you know, right?
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You can't even articulate most of the things you know.
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There are feelings you have that have no words for them.
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There are thoughts you have that are felt within the body or subconsciously that you never articulate to yourself.
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You can't articulate the rules of grammar, yet you exercise them effortlessly when you speak.
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so i would argue that your implicit knowledge and your knowledge
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that is unknown to yourself is far greater than the knowledge you can articulate
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and that you can communicate and
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so at some level you're always watching yourself that's what your
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consciousness is right it's the thing that's watching everything including your mind including your body
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so if you want to uh have high self-esteem then earn your own self-respect i had this idea the internal golden rule.
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So the golden rule says treat others the way that you should be treated, you want to be treated.
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The internal golden rule says treat yourself like others should have treated you.
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And it was a riposte to maybe people that didn't grow up with unconditional love in that way.
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On the love thing, one of the interesting things about love is you can try to remember the feeling of being loved.
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So go back to when someone was in love with you or someone did love you and like, really remember that feeling, like really sit with it and try to recreate it within yourself.
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And then go to the feeling of you loving someone.
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And when you were in love, and I'm not even talking about romantic love necessarily.
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So be a little careful there.
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I'm talking more about like love for it.
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Sometimes get complex if you're talking about past romantic love.
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Right.
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A sibling or a child or something like that or a parent
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and think about when you felt love towards someone or something
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and now which is better and i would argue
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that the feeling of being in love is actually more exhilarating
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than the feeling of being loved being loved is a little
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cloying it's a little too sweet you kind of want to push the person away it's a little embarrassing
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and you know that if that person is too much into it
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that you feel constrained on the other hand the feeling of being in love is very expansive.
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It's very open.
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It actually makes you a better version of yourself.
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It makes you want to be a better person.
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And so you can create love anytime you want.
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It's just that craving to receive it.
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That's the problem.
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A quick aside.
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146
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149
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150
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151
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158
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163
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164
That's drinklmnt.com slash modern wisdom.
165
Thank you very much for tuning in.
166
If you enjoyed that clip with Naval, just a mere taster, the full length episode is available right here.
167
Go on, watch it.
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這節 B2 級別的口語課以影片“Imagine You Liked Yourself - Naval Ravikant”為素材。 這段影片共有 167 個句子、2111 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 10:23。 說話人語速較快，每分鐘約 203 個詞，會出現較多連讀和弱讀。 85% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中最難的 15 個單詞，附發音和釋義：
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| stag 名詞 | /stæɡ/ | 雄鹿 |
| virtuous 形容詞 | /ˈvɝt͡ʃuəs/ | 有道德的, 有德行的 |
| equilibrium 名詞 | /ɛkwɪˈlɪbɹɪəm/ | 平衡 |
| electrolyte 名詞 | /ɪˈlɛk.tɹəˌlaɪt/ | 電解質 /電解質 |
| marshmallow 名詞 | /ˈmɑɹʃˌmɛl.oʊ/ | 軟糖 /軟糖, 果醬軟糖 /果醬軟糖 |
| craving 名詞 | /ˈkɹeɪ.vɪŋ/ | 渴望, 癖好 |
| cooperate 動詞 | /kəʊˈɒp.ə.ɹeɪt/ | 合作, 協力 /協力 |
| oppose 動詞 | /əˈpoʊz/ | 阻止, 對抗 /對抗 |
| liar 名詞 | /ˈlaɪ.ɚ/ | 說謊者 /說謊者 |
| flavor 名詞 | /ˈfleɪvə/ | 味道, 味兒 /味兒 |
| rabbit 名詞 | /ˈɹæbɪt/ | 兔子, 白兔 |
| cheat 動詞 | /ˈt͡ʃiːt/ | 作弊, 使詐 |
| ethical 形容詞 | /ˈɛθɪkəl/ | 道德的 |
| cheater 名詞 | /ˈt͡ʃiːtɚ/ | 騙子 /騙子, 作弊者 |
| circumstantial 形容詞 | /səɹ.kəmˈstænʃəl/ | 間接證據的 /間接證據的 |
影片中出現的短語動詞
| 單詞 | 釋義 |
|---|---|
| get along 動詞 | 相處 /相處 |
| grow up 動詞 | 長大 /長大 |
值得反覆跟讀的句子
影片中簡短而完整的句子，可以直接用在日常對話裡：
- You're watching yourself at all times.
- You don't need to do that for other people.
- Would I go on a stag hunt with me?
- Did you deal with self-doubt in the past?
- Is that something that was a hurdle for you to overcome?
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 條件句 if + 從句，will/would + 動詞 — 條件及其結果 | if being ethical were profitable, everybody would do · if you are a shark, you will eventually |
| 被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的 | being loved · be thought · are felt |
| 定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物 | people who don · people who are · person who long |
| 現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事 | You've probably heard · I've started |
需要注意的發音
說話人用了 51 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 don't, you're, I'm。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。
- “th” 音: ethical /ˈɛθɪkəl/, worthwhile /ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/, ethics /ˈɛθ.ɪks/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: marshmallow /ˈmɑɹʃˌmɛl.oʊ/, circumstantial /səɹ.kəmˈstænʃəl/, hydration /haɪˈdɹeɪʃən/, replication /ɹɛplɪˈkeɪʃən/, unconditional /ˌʌnkənˈdɪʃənəl/
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: articulate /ɑːɹˈtɪk.jə.leɪt/, genuinely /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ju.ɪn.li/, equilibrium /ɛkwɪˈlɪbɹɪəm/, electrolyte /ɪˈlɛk.tɹəˌlaɪt/, cooperate /kəʊˈɒp.ə.ɹeɪt/
中文母語者容易讀錯的音：
- /v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: virtue /ˈvɝt͡ʃu/, virtuous /ˈvɝt͡ʃuəs/, craving /ˈkɹeɪ.vɪŋ/, flavor /ˈfleɪvə/, expansive /ɪkˈspænsɪv/
- 詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: stag /stæɡ/, articulate /ɑːɹˈtɪk.jə.leɪt/, virtuous /ˈvɝt͡ʃuəs/, electrolyte /ɪˈlɛk.tɹəˌlaɪt/, cooperate /kəʊˈɒp.ə.ɹeɪt/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: articulate /ɑːɹˈtɪk.jə.leɪt/, equilibrium /ɛkwɪˈlɪbɹɪəm/, electrolyte /ɪˈlɛk.tɹəˌlaɪt/, marshmallow /ˈmɑɹʃˌmɛl.oʊ/, circumstantial /səɹ.kəmˈstænʃəl/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 stag, virtuous, equilibrium 這類單詞。
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。