Prática de Shadowing: Imagine You Liked Yourself - Naval Ravikant - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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the worst outcome in the world is not having self-esteem why yeah it's a tough one uh well
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i i i look at the people and i don't want to offend anybody
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but i look at the people who don't like themselves
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and that's the toughest slot because they're always wrestling with themselves
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and it's hard enough to face the outside world um
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and no one's going to like you more than you like yourself
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so if you're struggling with yourself then the outside world becomes an insurmountable challenge.
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And it's hard to say why people have low self-esteem.
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It might be genetic.
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It might just be circumstantial.
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A lot of times I think it's because they just weren't unconditionally loved as a child.
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And that sort of seeps in at a deep core level.
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But self-esteem issues can be the most limiting.
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One interesting thought is that, you know, to some extent, self-esteem is the reputation you have with yourself.
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You're watching yourself at all times.
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You know what you're doing and you have your own moral code.
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Everyone has a different moral code.
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But if you don't live up to your own moral code, the same code that you hold others to, it will damage your self-esteem.
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So perhaps one way to build up your self-esteem is to live up to your own code, very rigorously have one and then live up to it.
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Another way to raise your self-esteem might be to do things for others.
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If I look back on my life and, you know, what are the moments that I'm actually proud of?
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There's very far and few between and it's not
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that often it's not the things you would expect it's not the material success it's not having learned this thing
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or that it's when i made a sacrifice for somebody
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or something that i loved and uh that's
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when i'm actually ironically most proud now that's through an explicit mental exercise
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but i'll bet you at some level i'm recording that implicitly
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so that tells me that even
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if i am not being loved then the way to create
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love is to give love to to express love through sacrifice
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and through duty and so i think doing things like that can build up your self-esteem really fast.
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It's interesting when you talk about sacrifice because a lot of the time people say, I sacrifice so much for my job.
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It's like, yeah, but that was you sacrificing something
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that you wanted less for something that you wanted more as opposed to genuinely taking some sort of cost.
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And yeah, I wonder whether if self-esteem is you adhering to your internal,
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your actions and your values aligning even when it's difficult or perhaps even more so when it's difficult,
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I wonder whether there is a price that people who are more introspective, high integrity pay, because you think,
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well, you've got this heavier set of overheads that you need to pay in some way.
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Well, if being ethical were profitable, everybody would do it, right?
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So at some level, it does involve a sacrifice.
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But that sacrifice can also be thought of as you're thinking for the long term rather than the short term.
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For example, the virtues are the set of beliefs that if everybody in society followed them as individuals, it would lead to win-win outcomes for everybody.
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So if I am honest and you are honest, then we can do business more easily.
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We can interact more easily because we can trust each other.
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So even though there might be a few liars in the system, as long as there aren't too many liars and too many cheaters, a high trust society where everybody's honest is better off.
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And I think a lot of the virtues work this way, right?
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If I don't go around sleeping with your wife and you don't sleep with mine, and, you know, if I don't take all the food that's at the table first and so on, then we all get along better and we can play win-win games.
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in game theory the most famous game is prisoner's dilemma
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but that's all about everybody cheating
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and the Nash equilibrium the stable equilibrium there is everybody cheats
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and your fort the only way you can be you can play a win-win game is
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if you have long-term iterated moves
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but that's not actually the most common game played in society
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the most common game played is one called a stag's hunt where
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if we cooperate we can bring down a big stag
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and both have big dinners but
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if we don't cooperate then we have to go hunt like rabbits
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and we each have small dinners so most of uh and
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that game has two stable equilibriums
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and one could be where we're both hunting the rabbit
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and one could be where we're hunting the stag
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so the high trust society is a more most more virtuous
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society where i can trust you to come hunt the stag with me
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and show up on time and do the work
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and divide it up properly
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so you want to live in a system where everybody has their own set of virtues
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and follows them and then we all win.
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But I would argue you don't need to do that for sacrifice.
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You don't need to do that for other people.
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You can do it just purely for yourself.
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You will have higher self-esteem.
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You will attract other high virtue people.
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Would I go on a stag hunt with me?
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Correct.
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Yeah, that's right.
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And if you're the kind of person, if you're the kind of person who long-term signals ethics and virtues,
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then you will attract other people who are ethical and virtuous.
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Whereas if you are a shark, you will eventually find yourself swimming entirely amongst sharks.
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And that's an unpleasant existence.
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But again, this goes back to the equivalent of the marshmallow test.
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And by the way, the marshmallow test does not replicate.
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It's fake science.
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I saw the replication crisis hard recently.
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But it is about trading off the short term for the long term.
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And so I think for a lot of these so-called virtues, there are long-term selfish reasons to be virtuous.
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Yeah.
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Did you deal with self-doubt in the past?
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Is that something that was a hurdle for you to overcome?
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Yes and no. I think I dealt with self-doubt in the sense that, oh, I don't know what I'm doing and I need to figure it out.
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But I didn't doubt myself in the way of somebody else knows better than me for me or that, you know, I'm an idiot or I'm not worthwhile or anything
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that i guess i had the benefit of i grew up
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with a lot of love like the people around me love me unconditionally
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and so that just gave me a lot of confidence uh not the kind of confidence
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that would say i have the answer but the kind of confidence
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that i will figure it out and i know what i want
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or only i am a good arbiter of what i want yeah
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that level of self-belief i suppose allows you to determine what is it
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that matters to me my self-esteem should i chase this thing or not, I can make a fair judgment on that as opposed to being so swayed.
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But it's such a good point about even if you think you're not consciously logging the stuff that you're doing, there is some that's in the back of your mind.
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Was it the daemon?
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Is that what the ancient Greeks or something used to talk about?
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Yeah.
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Also in computer science, there's a concept of a daemon, which is a program that's always running in the background.
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You can't see it.
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But yeah, it probably comes from the ancient Greek daemon.
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But yeah, what you know that you don't even know you know is far greater than what you know you know, right?
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You can't even articulate most of the things you know.
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There are feelings you have that have no words for them.
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There are thoughts you have that are felt within the body or subconsciously that you never articulate to yourself.
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You can't articulate the rules of grammar, yet you exercise them effortlessly when you speak.
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so i would argue that your implicit knowledge and your knowledge
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that is unknown to yourself is far greater than the knowledge you can articulate
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and that you can communicate and
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so at some level you're always watching yourself that's what your
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consciousness is right it's the thing that's watching everything including your mind including your body
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so if you want to uh have high self-esteem then earn your own self-respect i had this idea the internal golden rule.
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So the golden rule says treat others the way that you should be treated, you want to be treated.
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The internal golden rule says treat yourself like others should have treated you.
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And it was a riposte to maybe people that didn't grow up with unconditional love in that way.
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On the love thing, one of the interesting things about love is you can try to remember the feeling of being loved.
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So go back to when someone was in love with you or someone did love you and like, really remember that feeling, like really sit with it and try to recreate it within yourself.
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And then go to the feeling of you loving someone.
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And when you were in love, and I'm not even talking about romantic love necessarily.
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So be a little careful there.
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I'm talking more about like love for it.
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Sometimes get complex if you're talking about past romantic love.
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Right.
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A sibling or a child or something like that or a parent
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and think about when you felt love towards someone or something
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and now which is better and i would argue
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that the feeling of being in love is actually more exhilarating
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than the feeling of being loved being loved is a little
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cloying it's a little too sweet you kind of want to push the person away it's a little embarrassing
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and you know that if that person is too much into it
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that you feel constrained on the other hand the feeling of being in love is very expansive.
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It's very open.
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It actually makes you a better version of yourself.
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It makes you want to be a better person.
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And so you can create love anytime you want.
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It's just that craving to receive it.
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That's the problem.
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That's drinklmnt.com slash modern wisdom.
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Thank you very much for tuning in.
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If you enjoyed that clip with Naval, just a mere taster, the full length episode is available right here.
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Go on, watch it.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação de nível B2 usa o vídeo “Imagine You Liked Yourself - Naval Ravikant”. Este vídeo tem 167 frases e 2111 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 10:23. O falante fala rápido, cerca de 203 palavras por minuto, então espere sons ligados e reduzidos. 85% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês; vale a pena estudar o restante antes de começar.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
As 15 palavras mais avançadas do vídeo, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| esteem verbo | /ɪˈstiːm/ | estimar |
| virtue substantivo | /ˈvɝt͡ʃu/ | virtude |
| stag substantivo | /stæɡ/ | veado adulto |
| articulate verbo | /ɑːɹˈtɪk.jə.leɪt/ | articular |
| virtuous adjetivo | /ˈvɝt͡ʃuəs/ | virtuoso, nobre |
| equilibrium substantivo | /ɛkwɪˈlɪbɹɪəm/ | equilíbrio |
| electrolyte substantivo | /ɪˈlɛk.tɹəˌlaɪt/ | eletrólito |
| marshmallow substantivo | /ˈmɑɹʃˌmɛl.oʊ/ | marshmallow, maxemelo |
| unconditionally advérbio | incondicionalmente | |
| craving substantivo | /ˈkɹeɪ.vɪŋ/ | ânsia, anelo |
| cooperate verbo | /kəʊˈɒp.ə.ɹeɪt/ | cooperar, colaborar |
| oppose verbo | /əˈpoʊz/ | opor |
| liar substantivo | /ˈlaɪ.ɚ/ | mentiroso, mentirosa |
| flavor substantivo | /ˈfleɪvə/ | sabor, gosto |
| rabbit substantivo | /ˈɹæbɪt/ | coelho |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Significado |
|---|---|
| get along verbo | dar-se bem, dar-se |
| grow up verbo | crescer |
Frases que vale a pena repetir
Frases curtas e completas do vídeo que você pode usar na conversa do dia a dia:
- You're watching yourself at all times.
- You don't need to do that for other people.
- Would I go on a stag hunt with me?
- Did you deal with self-doubt in the past?
- Is that something that was a hurdle for you to overcome?
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Frases condicionais if + oração, will/would + verbo — uma condição e seu resultado | if being ethical were profitable, everybody would do · if you are a shark, you will eventually |
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | being loved · be thought · are felt |
| Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisa | people who don · people who are · person who long |
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | You've probably heard · I've started |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 51 contrações e formas reduzidas, como don't, you're, I'm. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “th”: ethical /ˈɛθɪkəl/, worthwhile /ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/, ethics /ˈɛθ.ɪks/
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: marshmallow /ˈmɑɹʃˌmɛl.oʊ/, circumstantial /səɹ.kəmˈstænʃəl/, hydration /haɪˈdɹeɪʃən/, replication /ɹɛplɪˈkeɪʃən/, unconditional /ˌʌnkənˈdɪʃənəl/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: articulate /ɑːɹˈtɪk.jə.leɪt/, genuinely /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ju.ɪn.li/, equilibrium /ɛkwɪˈlɪbɹɪəm/, electrolyte /ɪˈlɛk.tɹəˌlaɪt/, cooperate /kəʊˈɒp.ə.ɹeɪt/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: stag /stæɡ/, articulate /ɑːɹˈtɪk.jə.leɪt/, electrolyte /ɪˈlɛk.tɹəˌlaɪt/, cooperate /kəʊˈɒp.ə.ɹeɪt/, rabbit /ˈɹæbɪt/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: ethical /ˈɛθɪkəl/, circumstantial /səɹ.kəmˈstænʃəl/, hurdle /ˈhɝd(ə)l/, unconditional /ˌʌnkənˈdɪʃənəl/, wrestle /ˈɹɛs(ə)l/
- /h/ — um sopro suave, diferente do “r”: hurdle /ˈhɝd(ə)l/, hydration /haɪˈdɹeɪʃən/, adhere /ædˈhɪə/, overhead /ˈəʊvəˌhɛd/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como esteem, virtue, stag.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.