Shadowing Practice: Alphabet CFO Ruth Porat on The David Rubenstein Show - Learn English Speaking with Video
Kies een oefenmodus
Elke modus opent een volledig scherm oefenruimte.
365 zinnen
Als zinnen te kort of te lang zijn, klik op Bewerken om ze aan te passen.
1
This is my kitchen table and also my filing system.
2
Over much of the past three decades, I've been an investor.
3
The highest calling of mankind I've often thought was private equity.
4
And then I started interviewing.
5
While I watch your interviews, I know how to do some interviews.
6
I've learned in doing my interviews how leaders make it to the top.
7
I asked him how much he wanted.
8
He said $250.
9
I said fine.
10
I didn't negotiate with him.
11
I did no due diligence.
12
I have something I'd like to sell and how they stay there.
13
You don't feel inadequate now because being only the second wealthiest man in the world, is that right?
14
In recent years, one of the most powerful people in the financial and technology worlds has been Ruth Peratt.
15
She served as chief financial officer for Morgan Stanley and then as Chief Financial Officer for Google and Alphabet.
16
She now serves as President and Chief Investment Officer for Alphabet.
17
I sat down with her recently in Davos to talk about what she's going to do in her new position
18
and how she's going to invest more than $100 billion that Alphabet now has.
19
So we're very pleased to have Ruth Barrett here.
20
Ruth, as you may know, has recently been promoted.
21
She, for almost the last decade, has been the CFO of Google and Alphabet.
22
And now she still has that title, but she's now also the president and chief investment officer for Alphabet.
23
Is that right?
24
I am, and it's great to be here with you.
25
So you have three jobs, CFO, president.
26
Do you get three salaries for that?
27
I think I'm doing okay.
28
Okay.
29
So everybody wants to talk to you here because you've got a lot of money.
30
You've got over a hundred billion dollars of cash to invest so people want to see you
31
Why do you come to Davos because people are just going to be bombarding you give me money for this or that?
32
Is it really worth the effort to schlep all the way here?
33
Or are you happy to come here and you actually meet people you actually want to see?
34
Well, I've actually been coming here since I ran tech banking at Morgan Stanley back in the 90s
35
and was hunting for fees And
36
so I think it's sort of become one -stop shopping you make the trip
37
and then you get to see people from Asia
38
and Africa Middle East Europe it's so it's just
39
that one -stop shop let's talk about your background now
40
that you mentioned it where did you grow up I grew
41
up I was born in England mostly grew up in California California your father was a professor at Stanford
42
or something like that my father actually was a Holocaust refugee
43
so my father escaped from Vienna right after Kristallnacht
44
and made it to Palestine he no high school education he
45
ended up enrolling in the British Army fought in the Battle of El Eman
46
and in the army taught himself physics because he figured
47
if he survived he needed something that somebody valued after the war
48
that actually that worked that plan worked he ended up getting to England where I was born
49
and then eventually got to the United States who sponsored by Senator Kennedy
50
so he spent his whole career at Harvard and then at Stanford
51
so I mostly grew up in California California okay
52
so you're in here in Stanford for a nice area Silicon
53
Valley why would you want to go to a business school
54
at Wharton why did you go across the country to go to business school
55
and why did you want to go to business school to
56
begin with why not be a physicist like your father well I loved Wharton
57
so I'm not gonna not gonna give you
58
that you know I thought I was gonna end up being
59
from first of all I got I got married my husband was a lawyer on Wall Street
60
so I was commuting but I thought
61
that I would go into investment I thought I'd go into consulting and then And I took this amazing mergers accounting class,
62
kind of geeky, and decided I was going to go into mergers and acquisitions, so ended up on the East Coast.
63
Okay, so you ultimately became the CFO of Morgan Stanley.
64
Right.
65
And many people thought you might go in the government someday, and you actually could have been the CEO of Morgan Stanley.
66
Why would you leave the important world of finance for something less significant like technology?
67
Why would you do that?
68
You know, kind of right time, right place.
69
It's like when I was the CFO of Morgan Stanley, I started in that position January 1st, 2010, when James Gorman took over as CEO.
70
And I think he's an all -star CEO.
71
Absolutely amazing.
72
Great partner.
73
And when we started, it was 2010, so after the financial crisis, but Morgan Stanley was still very challenged.
74
You know, Moody's was going to downgrade the bank at one point.
75
It was kind of shaky.
76
And I think that he and we together, the team, led this extraordinary kind of recovery.
77
And it got to the point 2015 where I was ready for the next chapter and I got this call
78
Google it seemed okay, so all right made
79
that move where we get the Google You were at Morgan Stanley
80
when the great meltdown the great financial crisis of 07 08 occurred
81
And it is said that it you know people thought
82
that Morgan Stanley and Goldman Sachs and everybody else was going to go under
83
Were you living through that and did you actually think Morgan Stanley was going to make it at that time?
84
there were days I did not it was bad
85
so I was running financial institutions banking at the time
86
and probably the most meaningful part of my career was
87
when Hank Paulson called and said I need advice I need some bankers here
88
and so I went and led a team that worked on Fannie Freddie
89
and then AIG and those were very very challenging days
90
and coming out of it at the bed you know we did Fannie Freddie and then we did AIG, put them into conservatorship and I got to Morgan Stanley,
91
John Mack was CEO at the time and he said okay you're in charge of liquidity, figure out liquidity.
92
And of course days before what very much was running out of liquidity there was no way to get liquidity.
93
In fact one day we were trying to figure out what to do
94
and I was on the trading floor and I'm like can we maybe sell the chairs, they were Herman Miller chairs.
95
I thought that might be a solution.
96
That was supposed to be funny but it was actually really scary at the time
97
and so no it was hard but we did this whole series of different teams
98
and it worked you know MUFG came in they were an incredible partner the government came
99
and we became a Fed regulated bank but there were some very scary times
100
and a lot of important lessons okay so you got
101
that deal done then presumably some headhunter called you up
102
and said you should be the CFO of Google
103
and did you how did you tell John Mac or James Gorman
104
and you were going to leave to be the CFO of a tech company.
105
Was that easy to do?
106
So, 2015, Morgan Stanley was in a really good spot.
107
I happened to be with Bill Campbell, an iconic leader in Silicon Valley.
108
He's been written about as the trillion -dollar coach.
109
He coached Steve Jobs, Larry, Sergey, Sundar, Eric, so it's a privilege to sit with him.
110
And at the time, I said, you know, I'm ready for the next chapter, but the one thing I'm not going to do is be CFO again.
111
We spent two hours in his living room, And at the end, he said, okay, I heard you clearly, not CFO.
112
And I said, exactly.
113
And he said, okay, so the best, I've got the best idea for you, CFO of Google.
114
And, of course, I immediately said, well, I hadn't thought of that one.
115
That one is interesting.
116
But did you tell him this would mean you wouldn't be
117
able to work with private equity people as closely as you had been?
118
You know, sometimes hardship in life is worthwhile.
119
Are we going to have driverless cars in our lifetime?
120
You can actually hail a Waymo in San Francisco, hop in it and get where you want to go, it's pretty remarkable.
121
So what's it like moving from the East Coast, where everything is finance and money, to the West Coast, where everything is technology?
122
Did you fit in right away
123
and did you really know how to use all the computer things that they give you to use?
124
So it was pretty fun.
125
There were plenty of times where I would sit around in meetings and literally I would be Googling terms.
126
And at one meeting, Larry Page actually caught me Googling terms.
127
And he kind of pointed that out to other people in the room, which was a little embarrassing, but I figured there were some things that I could do that they couldn't do.
128
And so it was a learning curve.
129
And my dad always, he taught me at a young age a term that I've used constantly with my teams.
130
He said, in his lab at Stanford, if a physicist could not define a quark in under 30 seconds, they didn't know what they were talking about.
131
And so I use the quark test all the time.
132
If somebody's rambling on and on and they can't get to the point they probably don't know what they're talking about, they fail the quark test.
133
My finance team knows this quark test.
134
And at Google, I'm working with amazing computer scientists, so they never fail the quark test.
135
They can explain things really clearly, which shoots you up the learning curve.
136
But did you understand what they were talking about from the beginning, or did you have a special tutor that's taught you technology?
137
I had actually run tech banking and took Google Publix.
138
I had a little sneak preview.
139
So today, for people who are not experts on Google and Google search, Larry Page really developed the Page system, I guess it was called.
140
And it was unique, but when he came to get the initial money in Silicon Valley, people said, well, there's plenty of search engines out here.
141
There are like 12 or 13 search engine companies and
142
so people didn't think it was anything so unique what turned out to be
143
so unique about the page system
144
that it made Google such a powerful company I actually remember those days
145
because I was one of the people who said why do
146
we need it was actually the 8th search engine why do you need the 8th search engine
147
and I was at Morgan Stanley at the time
148
and 1998 running banking
149
and our research analyst Mary Meeker an iconic analyst got pulled her team together
150
and said you know what let's do a test let's look at all the search engines let's do queries
151
and see speed and relevance of response
152
and I think she may have started with
153
that eight search engine question as well but it quickly rose to the top and
154
that has been the ethos all along we still to this
155
day have more than a hundred product innovations every quarter the whole idea is continue
156
challenging ourselves about how to make the product better more relevant faster
157
and what's extraordinary sitting where we are today is how searches evolved
158
so back then it was 10 blue links whoever's old enough
159
in this room to remember 10 blue links that's what it was and then it went to
160
image search voice search and now multimodal search
161
if i want your tie i can take a picture of your tie
162
and then i could just i can lens it
163
and i can find a place to buy your tie
164
so this whole evolution of search just keeps extending the runway for search
165
so it's very different obviously today than it was
166
so let's suppose i do a google search on something maybe i shouldn't be doing a google search on
167
or something not that you ever do i wouldn't do that
168
but i just theoretically um can somebody from google an officer like you look up what i've searched
169
no you cannot absolutely adequately protected right protected even if the government comes along We do not look at what you search.
170
You can go into incognito mode, but we do not look at what you search.
171
Okay.
172
So the company for a long time was called Google, and Google used to be spelled differently.
173
Why did they spell Google that way as opposed to the way it was originally spelled, which was E -L?
174
Did they not know that it was spelled differently?
175
Well, there are a couple of stories around this.
176
So one of the stories that I think is true
177
and fun is that one of the early venture checks actually wrote it
178
that way so they went with it okay
179
so why did Google was a brand name that's working very well companies making a lot of money
180
and so forth but why did you need to go to Alphabet and who came up with that name
181
Larry and Sergey had a vision about kind of the next iteration
182
and there were a lot of different things
183
that they were investing in the whole spirit of
184
which is you want to make sure you're investing for long term investing for the future And in the earliest days, what they did is they created something called X.
185
It was the moonshot factory within Google, Google X.
186
And it gave birth to things like Gmail.
187
It was really relevant for all of the type of innovation that came out of Google.
188
And by 2015, their view was, we want to be able to avoid distraction on Google, let Google do what it's going to do,
189
and create another set of businesses that the founders could focus on and really nurture growth outside of it.
190
And so the word, as you would know better than anyone, is alphabets.
191
And so you put the two together, and that was the goal.
192
So it used to be when Google started, you had what was called 20 % time.
193
Right.
194
So for 20 % of your time, you could do whatever you wanted.
195
Theoretically, it might be helpful to the company, but it wasn't supposed to be necessarily.
196
So do you still have 20 % time, or did they go away?
197
Well, it was actually a little more structured than that.
198
The goal was if you had some great engineering idea and you wanted to launch a new product, you could do it in one of two ways you could leave, or you could be told, you know what, in 20 % of your time,
199
why don't you go experiment with this and see if you can grow it.
200
So rather than having great ideas constantly leaving, the view was, let's nurture the talent, let's give people these growth opportunities, let's give it a go.
201
And so that's what the 20 % time was.
202
Did any 20 % time product ever get to the market?
203
Well, Gmail is not an inconsequential.
204
Billions of users.
205
Google Brain came out of that.
206
It's our core part of our ai business
207
and then we've continued to evolve it
208
so it moved over to become um x waymo came out of it
209
so there's quite quite a bit and quite a bit of features
210
and applications speaking waymo are we going to have driverless cars
211
in our lifetime well i welcome everybody to come to san francisco
212
because you can actually hail a waymo in san francisco hop in it
213
and get where you want to go and it's pretty remarkable have you done that absolutely really it's safe
214
it's so safe that the most fascinating part is within about 15 seconds people are bored
215
because it's so safe they're like they realize you know what you don't need a helmet
216
or anything not get safe right you need a helmet with many drivers on the road
217
you have a challenge that many people would like to have
218
but they don't have which is you've got over 100 billion dollars of cash
219
and so are you going to invest that in private equity firms
220
or are you going to do new technology what are you
221
going to do with 100 billion dollars more than 100 billion dollars of cash
222
and um you know have you thought about
223
that you have people coming up to you all the time with great ideas for
224
that cash uh we do as you would imagine
225
so look we're continuing to invest in the business there's a lot of extraordinary upside in the business
226
and then we do make investments and acquisitions and
227
so do all of our peers there's a lot that's exciting going on in the world
228
and so we're looking across the board starts within the business then it goes to investments
229
and acquisitions then obviously return of capital through a not inconsequential share repurchase program Let's talk about artificial intelligence.
230
Artificial intelligence has gotten a lot of publicity in the last year or so.
231
And OpenAI has gotten an enormous amount of it.
232
And they have an affiliation with another technology company.
233
I can't remember the name of it.
234
I've heard that.
235
Another one.
236
But do you have your own kind of OpenAI company, or do you do it all internally?
237
And what do you do to compete with OpenAI and this other technology company?
238
So we've been infusing product at Google with AI for more than a decade.
239
In fact, billions of people today are benefiting from AI across our products.
240
It's benefiting what you see in search, in maps, in commerce, in YouTube.
241
You know, I just mentioned multimodal search, the ability to search with your camera.
242
When you search for your kids in photos, that's AI.
243
AI.
244
So AI has continued to be a way to enhance what the product experience is, and we've done that historically through two groups within Google.
245
One, Google Brain, I already mentioned, and the other is DeepMind, an extraordinary acquisition back many years ago, led by an extraordinary entrepreneur, Demis Asadis.
246
And we've put the two together last year, which has been really exciting.
247
And so we are building on that foundation
248
that has been an experience for the last decade what's the
249
excitement of working in technology in silicon valley is it even more exciting than working in finance
250
or not quite as exciting
251
but okay it's hard to believe it's more exciting i mean
252
we're living in the most extraordinary time with ai bill gates just said
253
that completely agree engineers who've been at google since inception are saying
254
that this is the most exciting time in computer science in our lifetime
255
which always strikes me as profound because Google's done okay and
256
and and what's extraordinary about it really goes to building on this decade of innovative work in AI and
257
so where are we now we're at the we're what we're
258
doing is we're addressing some of the most profound social challenges with AI in ways
259
that are transformative so to give you an example of examples I think
260
that one of the extraordinary places for all of us
261
and we've heard a lot about it here over lunch is health care
262
and part of the reason is it's the ability with ai to aggregate
263
so much data that you can actually have a level of diagnosis
264
that is better than what specialists can do
265
so one example breast cancer back in 2015 google had a
266
breakthrough in detection early detection of metastatic breast cancer one in seven women will be diagnosed with breast cancer.
267
I was one of those.
268
I've had breast cancer twice.
269
So when I heard about this, I did the only rational thing.
270
I called my oncologist at Memorial Sloan Kettering, and I said, is this really as important as I hope?
271
And he said, unequivocally, because only with AI can we democratize health care.
272
It's the only way that oncologists everywhere, radiologists everywhere, all of the medical profession has the ability to leverage the insight
273
that AI will give you through scans reviewing a million scans
274
we're doing the same in other forms of cancer we're doing
275
it with something called diabetic retinopathy blindness caused through diabetes which can be prevented if diagnosed early enough and
276
so I think that
277
when you look at the impact of it this is what
278
motivates our engineers we're seeing in healthcare we're seeing an education
279
we're seeing with food scarcity you can improve crop yields by looking at pest issues in informing we're looking at
280
so many different ways
281
that AI can make a difference on the most profound issues one last one
282
because it's you asked am I excited about it yes it's better than even finance climate change you know SOS
283
or crisis alerts extraordinary we've seen the impact of buyers
284
and flooding 250 million people a year affected by flooding
285
but with AI we can predict
286
and are with seven days notice where the water flows will be to get people out of harm's way.
287
So this is not science fiction, this is here today.
288
On climate change, to be realistic about it, is there things that you think that AI can really make us more readily make us able to solve climate change?
289
Is that your point?
290
You think we can?
291
Well, there's both adaptation and mitigation.
292
So around climate change, we have a whole other set of efforts going on
293
so for example one of the major sources of emissions is
294
what you see right out the window here start stop from cars we have something called project green light
295
which streamlines that so you don't have the start stops we have something else
296
that looks at planes major source of carbon footprint our contrails
297
what many of us think are the beautiful white plumes off the back you can adjust flight patterns
298
and reduce carbon footprint so the short answer is yes
299
and it's happening today it's not a hope for science fiction
300
you've been public about your breast cancer you've talked about it written about it
301
and so forth why did you go public about it many women say they don't want it to be known
302
that they might have breast cancer maybe that's right or wrong
303
but why were you so willing to be public about it it is a really personal thing
304
when i was first diagnosed i didn't want to talk about
305
it i was at a bank one of few women you know i was bald
306
and it's like it's not what you want to talk about
307
but I got to the point where I realized in this day
308
and age if you get the right care actually these diseases are manageable
309
and the scariest part is not knowing and
310
so to me it was important to actually make it clear this is manageable you can get through it
311
and to actually be a resource for people
312
so for many women you're a role model you have a successful career in finance
313
and technology you were on your first husband right yeah yeah
314
and hanging on hanging on right so and you have three kids and
315
so you've done it all you've had it all you you're
316
you're you know have a successful career successful marriage three healthy happy kids can you tell us something
317
that doesn't make us so feel jealous about you
318
because you're I mean here you know everybody can't be as good as you
319
so make us feel that everything isn't perfect for you leaving aside the breast cancer so
320
that everybody else doesn't feel like they're not gonna be able
321
to live up to your standards oh man look I think
322
that one of the most important lessons I learned early in
323
my career you know as a woman in banking there weren't
324
many of us it wasn't the easiest environment there were a
325
lot of men I've now gently decided to call blockheads but you know they were worse and blockheads.
326
And they made it difficult.
327
And you learn to be resilient.
328
The one thing is I was going to outlast them.
329
And that would be the joy that came from it.
330
And fortunately there were obviously a lot of extraordinary men at Morgan Stanley.
331
There weren't enough senior women in the day and there are more now.
332
And so I learned to chart my career.
333
I went to people who would take a risk on me.
334
And I said, what's my highest and best use
335
and they opened doors that I didn't know existed
336
and to me that's the most important is those hard days
337
bad lessons I just chalk them up to being lessons
338
so I don't actually record them so what do you do
339
when you're not working on technology being a wife being a
340
mother you have a tennis player you're a golfer what do
341
you do for relaxation to the extent you have time for relaxation
342
well I kind of merge things I know there's nothing more
343
joyful to me than going on hikes with my kids
344
or bike rides with my kids um and
345
so it's you know it's a lot of
346
that are your parents alive now they are not
347
and did they live to see your success uh before they passed away they did my mom actually
348
when i was a young kid said she was a psychologist
349
and she said what's really important for women is have your own identity
350
and a career outside of the home she told me that
351
when i was eight my little sister was six for some
352
reason she thought that's the time you need to send
353
that message so i'm grateful to her for
354
that message your father did he ever say this is better
355
than being a physicist what you're doing my dad was pretty remarkable you know the tail end of
356
that story about his journey from no high school education to a phd
357
and a career at stanford is he said education is your passport for freedom
358
and so the only point he impressed on us over
359
and over was really focus on education keep opening doors
360
and take risks
361
if he didn't take the risk he took to get himself
362
out of Austria to teach himself physics he wouldn't have made it
363
and he was so grateful to get to the United States
364
so if there's anything else it was that the life
365
that he never expected he would have and then to have a family.
App downloaden
Alles wat je nodig hebt om vloeiend te spreken
AI UitspraakScoor elke zin
IPA OefeningBeheers elk geluid
WoordenschatBouw je woordenschat op
WoordenspelLeren terwijl je speelt
FOR YOU
Aanbevolen Video
C1321 zinnen
Watch CNBC's full interview with Berkshire Hathaway Chair Warren Buffett
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
719 zinnen
View From The Top with Roelof Botha, Managing Partner of Sequoia Capital
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
317 zinnen
JUST IN: Secretary Of State Marco Rubio Takes Reporters' Questions During Visit To Uzbekistan
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C11
40 zinnen
I MADE $15B WITH CHAT GPT
Business EnglishDaily ConversationWorking Adults
C11
55 zinnen
"Focusing is about saying no" - Steve Jobs (WWDC'97)
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
472 zinnen
FULL INTERVIEW: President Trump's Interview with Dave Ramsey
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B21
461 zinnen
Billion-Dollar Beauty: A Conversation With Hailey Bieber and Lauren Ratner
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C1662 zinnen
Daniel Ek: Life After Spotify, Broken Healthcare Incentives, Catching Disease Early & AI's Potential
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C1324 zinnen
Exclusive Interview: Jeffrey Sachs on China’s Global Role: Growth, Balance, and Cooperation
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
103 zinnen
Deborah Meaden Shares Her Highlights from 20 Years on Dragons' Den | Lorraine
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C12
201 zinnen
Cleo Abram Answers The Web's Most Searched Questions | WIRED
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C11
745 zinnen
Jack Ma: Love is Important In Business | Davos 2018
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze spreekles op niveau B2 is gebaseerd op de video “Alphabet CFO Ruth Porat on The David Rubenstein Show”. Deze video bevat 365 zinnen en 4538 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 23:55. De spreker praat snel, ongeveer 190 woorden per minuut, dus reken op verbonden en ingeslikte klanken. 85% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden; de rest kun je beter vooraf bekijken.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
De 15 moeilijkste woorden uit de video, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| quark zelfstandig naamwoord | /kwɑɹk/ | quark |
| silicon zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈsɪləˌkɑn/ | silicium |
| diagnose werkwoord | /ˈdaɪ.əɡˌnoʊs/ | diagnosticeren |
| physicist zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈfɪzɪsɪst/ | natuurkundige, fysicus |
| profound bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /pɹəˈfaʊnd/ | diep, diepgaand |
| blockhead zelfstandig naamwoord | stomkop, domkop | |
| manageable bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈmænəd͡ʒəb(ə)l/ | beheerbaar, beheersbaar |
| footprint zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈfʊtpɹɪnt/ | voetafdruk |
| theoretically bijwoord | theoretisch | |
| relaxation zelfstandig naamwoord | /rᵻˌlækˈseɪ.ʃən/ | relaxatie |
| evolve werkwoord | /ɪˈvɑlv/ | ontwikkelen |
| hail zelfstandig naamwoord | /heɪl/ | hagel |
| merger zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈmɜː.d͡ʒə/ | samensmelting, versmelting |
| helmet zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈhɛlmɪt/ | helm |
| scan werkwoord | /skæn/ | afspeuren |
Phrasal verbs die je zult horen
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| end up werkwoord | belanden, terechtkomen | |
| figure out werkwoord | uitvogelen, er achter komen | |
| come up with werkwoord | bedenken, verzinnen | |
| go away werkwoord | weggaan | |
| grow up werkwoord | opgroeien | |
| look up werkwoord | /ˌlʊk ˈʌp/ | opkijken |
| pass away werkwoord | overlijden, ontslapen | |
| take over werkwoord | overnemen |
Zinnen om te herhalen
Korte, volledige zinnen uit de video die je in alledaagse gesprekken kunt gebruiken:
- I didn't negotiate with him.
- Do you get three salaries for that?
- I think I'm doing okay.
- Why would you do that?
- Are we going to have driverless cars in our lifetime?
Grammatica in deze video
De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:
| Structuur | In de video |
|---|---|
| Present perfect continuous have/has been + -ing — iets dat eerder begon en nog bezig is | I've actually been coming · we've been infusing |
| “Used to” used to + werkwoord — een vroegere gewoonte of toestand die niet meer klopt | used to be |
| Present perfect have/has + voltooid deelwoord — iets uit het verleden dat nu nog telt | I've been · I've often thought · I've learned |
| Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doet | been promoted · was born · is said |
Uitspraak om op te letten
De spreker gebruikt 94 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals we're, I've, you're. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.
- De “th”-klanken: worthwhile /ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/, breakthrough /ˈbɹeɪk.θɹuː/
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: inconsequential /ɪnˌkɑnsəˈkwɛnʃəl/, relaxation /rᵻˌlækˈseɪ.ʃən/, detection /dɪˈtɛk.ʃən/, hardship /ˈhɑɹdˌʃɪp/, affiliation /əˌfɪliˈeɪʃən/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: liquidity /lɪkˈwɪdəti/, inconsequential /ɪnˌkɑnsəˈkwɛnʃəl/, manageable /ˈmænəd͡ʒəb(ə)l/, democratize /dɪˈmɑkɹətaɪz/, incognito /ˌɪnkɒɡˈniːtoʊ/
Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:
- Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: profound /pɹəˈfaʊnd/, evolve /ɪˈvɑlv/, curve /kɚv/, bombard /ˌbɑmˈbɑɹd/, democratize /dɪˈmɑkɹətaɪz/
- /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: manageable /ˈmænəd͡ʒəb(ə)l/, relaxation /rᵻˌlækˈseɪ.ʃən/, analyst /ˈænəlɪst/, scan /skæn/, embarrass /ɪmˈbæɹəs/
- /g/ — een harde plofklank, geen Nederlandse “g”: diagnose /ˈdaɪ.əɡˌnoʊs/, downgrade /ˌdaʊnˈɡɹeɪd/, golfer /ˈɡɒlfə(ɹ)/, incognito /ˌɪnkɒɡˈniːtoʊ/, regulate /ˈɹɛɡ.jə.leɪt/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Begin op 0,75× snelheid, spreek zin voor zin na en ga terug naar normale snelheid zodra het makkelijk gaat.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als quark, silicon, diagnose.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.