Shadowing Practice: CAE2 O TEST 2 PART 3 - Learn English Speaking with Video

I'm talking to Chef Heston Blumenthal.

Now Heston, most of us think that the business of eating is pretty simple, don't we?

We eat things and we like the taste of them or we don't.

But you reckon it's more complicated than that, don't you?

Yes.

Eating is a process that involves all the senses.

Any notion that food is simply about taste is misguided.

Try eating a beautifully cooked piece of fish off a paper plate with a plastic knife and fork, it is not the same.

So how does taste operate then?

The sense of taste can be broken down into five basic categories, all of which happen in the mouth and nowhere else.

These categories are salt, sweet, sour, bitter and umami, the most recently identified taste.

There is a current theory that fat is a taste, but this has yet to be proved.

We have up to 10,000 taste buds on the tongue and in the mouth.

These regenerate so the receptors we use today will not be the same as we used a couple of days ago.

When we eat, taste buds on our tongue pick up taste but not flavour.

The molecules in food

that provide flavour pass up into the olfactory bulb situated between the eyes at the front of the brain.

It contains hundreds of receptors that register molecules contained in everything that we eat and smell.

This This is where the flavour of the food is registered.

OK, so our sense of smell is connected with flavour rather than taste?

Is that what you're saying?

That's right.

Smell and taste are registered in different parts of the head.

There is a simple but effective and enjoyable way of demonstrating this.

Have ready some table salt and biscuits, fruit or anything easy to eat.

Squeeze your nostrils tightly enough to prevent breathing through them, but not so tight as to hurt.

Lick a good bite of biscuit or fruit and start chomping, making sure the nostrils remain clenched.

You will notice that it is impossible to perceive the flavour or smell of the food being eaten.

Now, with nostrils still squeezed and food still in the mouth, lick some salt.

Although it was impossible to detect the flavour of the food that was being eaten with clenched nostrils, the taste of the salt is unhindered.

Finally, let go of your nostrils and notice the flavour of the food come rushing into your headspace.

I'll definitely try that sometime.

So what you're saying is that all the senses can affect your experience when you eat?

Yes.

The brain has to process information given to it by other senses while we are eating, sometimes with surprising results.

Here's another example.

A few years ago, at a sommelier school in France, trainee wine waiters were put through a routine wine tasting.

Unknown to them, a white wine that they had just tasted had been dyed red with a non-flavoured food dye, then brought back out to taste and evaluate.

Something very interesting happened.

They all made notes on the assumption that the wine was what it looked like – red.

In this case, the eyes totally influenced taste perception.

OK, so it's not just about taste.

All the senses are coming into play in different ways.

Yes.

And as well as allowing us to enjoy food, the senses act as warning systems,

taste being the last of the sensory barriers and bitterness the last of the taste barriers.

A natural aversion to bitterness can prevent us from eating foods that could be harmful,

although it appears that we have the ability to modify such basic likes and dislikes.

For example, we generally grow to like bitter foods such as tea, coffee and beer as we grow older.

What got you interested in this business of the role played by various senses in the experience of eating?

Was it just professional curiosity?

Well, I began thinking about this whole subject a couple of years ago

when I noticed that more and more customers at my restaurant were commenting on the fact

that the red cabbage with grain mustard ice cream served as an appetiser just got better each time they ate it.

This was the only dish on the menu whose recipe had not changed over the past year.

It seemed that the barrier being presented with this dish was the vivid purple colour of the cabbage, a colour not normally associated with food.

To some diners, the initial difficulty of accepting this colour interfered with the appreciation of the dish, but as they got used to it,

they lost their inhibition and simply enjoyed its flavour.

I see.

Now, of course, the sense of smell must come into play when...

Now you will hear part three again.

I'm talking to Chef Heston Blumenthal.

Now Heston, most of us think that the business of eating is pretty simple, don't we?

We eat things and we like the taste of them or we don't.

But you reckon it's more complicated than that, don't you?

Yes.

Eating is a process that involves all the senses.

Any notion that food is simply about taste is misguided.

Try eating a beautifully cooked piece of fish off a paper plate with a plastic knife and fork.

It is not the same.

So how does taste operate then?

The sense of taste can be broken down into five basic categories, all of which happen in the mouth and nowhere else.

These categories are salt, sweet, sour, bitter and umami, Umami, the most recently identified taste.

There is a current theory that fat is a taste, but this has yet to be proved.

We have up to 10,000 taste buds on the tongue and in the mouth.

These regenerate, so the receptors we use today will not be the same as we used a couple of days ago.

When we eat, taste buds on our tongue pick up taste, but not flavour.

The molecules in food

that provide flavour pass up into the olfactory bulb situated between the eyes at the front of the brain.

It contains hundreds of receptors that register molecules contained in everything that we eat and smell.

This is where the flavour of the food is registered.

OK, so our sense of smell is connected with flavour rather than taste?

Is that what you're saying?

That's right.

Smell and taste are registered in different parts of the head.

There is a simple but effective and enjoyable way of demonstrating this.

Have ready some table salt and biscuits, fruit or anything easy to eat.

Squeeze your nostrils tightly enough to prevent breathing through them, but not so tight as to hurt.

Take a good bite of biscuit or fruit and start chomping, making sure the nostrils remain clenched.

You will notice that it is impossible to perceive the flavour or smell of the food being eaten.

Now, with nostrils still squeezed and food still in the mouth, lick some salt.

Although it was impossible to detect the flavour of the food that was being eaten with clenched nostrils, the taste of the salt is unhindered.

Finally, let go of your nostrils and notice the flavour of the food come rushing into your headspace.

I'll definitely try that sometime.

So, what you're saying is that all the senses can affect your experience when you eat?

Yes.

The brain has to process information given to it by other senses while we are eating, sometimes with surprising results.

Here's another example.

A few years ago, at a sommelier school in France, trainee wine waiters were put through a routine wine tasting.

100

Unknown to them, a white wine that they had just tasted had been dyed red with a non-flavoured food dye, then brought back out to taste and evaluate.

101

Something very interesting happened.

102

They all made notes on the assumption that the wine was what it looked like, red.

103

In this case, the eyes totally influenced taste perception.

104

OK, so it's not just about taste.

105

All the senses are coming into play in different ways.

106

Yes, and as well as allowing us to enjoy food, the senses act as warning systems,

107

taste being the last of the sensory barriers and bitterness the last of the taste barriers.

108

A natural aversion to bitterness can prevent us from eating foods that could be harmful,

109

although it appears that we have the ability to modify such basic likes and dislikes.

110

For example, we generally grow to like bitter foods such as tea, coffee and beer as we grow older.

111

What got you interested in this business of the role played by various senses in the experience of eating?

112

Was it just professional curiosity?

113

Well, I began thinking about this whole subject a couple of years ago

114

when I noticed that more and more customers at my restaurant were commenting on the fact

115

that the red cabbage with grain mustard ice cream served as an appetizer just got better each time they ate it.

116

This was the only dish on the menu whose recipe had not changed over the past year.

117

It seemed that the barrier being presented with this dish was the vivid purple colour of the cabbage, a colour not normally associated with food.

118

To some diners, the initial difficulty of accepting this colour interfered with the appreciation of the dish, but as they got used to it,

119

they lost their inhibition and simply enjoyed its flavour.

120

I see.

121

Now, of course, the sense of smell must come into play...

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Shadowing Practice: CAE2 O TEST 2 PART 3 - Learn English Speaking with Video

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