Shadowing Practice: How Does This Stuff Make Sound??? - Learn English Speaking with Video
Les maken...
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Record players were way ahead of their time.
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Everyone knows that the sound comes from the grooves,
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but how on earth can a groove in a plastic frisbee generate the sweet ear nectar that is yellow submarine?
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It's because sound is just vibration.
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Say you were to speak into a big horn that had a stretched out balloon at the end.
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That stretched out balloon is going to vibrate along when you speak into said horn.
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And that vibration is the same vibration your eardrum makes to let you hear sound.
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So say you then taped a pencil that would vibrate with the balloon.
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If I put a piece of paper against the pencil,
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you'd see something like this.
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Useless scribbles.
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Now, if I move the piece of paper at a constant pace, you'd see this.
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Slightly less useless scribbles.
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Congratulations, you just recorded your voice.
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Good job.
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That scribble on your piece of paper is the sound waves,
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or vibration, that you were making by speaking into the horn.
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But, there's no way to play it back.
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It's literally just a piece of paper.
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Only what if it wasn't?
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What if, instead of making a 2D line,
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we make a 3D line?
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And that's what these guys did back in the 1800s.
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The gramophone.
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Say Lady Gaga sings into a big horn that would focus and direct the sound onto a diaphragm,
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which is essentially just a fancy stretched out balloon from before.
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The diaphragm would vibrate, and attached to the diaphragm would be a stylus
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or needle that would cut these vibrations into a wax record,
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creating a 3D line with bumps and valleys.
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If you take that wax record and put it through a chemical bath,
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you'll have a metal record.
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You can then use that metal record as a stamp on old plastic frisbees.
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Now we have a record,
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but the question still stands.
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How does it play music?
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You actually literally just do everything backwards.
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First, start spinning the disc at the same speed you spun the wax record when recording.
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Then, drop the needle into the groove.
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The bumps and valleys are going to cause
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that needle to make the exact same vibrations as the needle that recorded the original sound.
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And just like how you record the original sound,
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the needle is connected to a diaphragm.
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And that diaphragm is going to make the exact same vibration as the original recording.
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And vibration is sound.
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So all we need to do is amplify that vibration by adding a comically big horn,
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and you'll get the exact same sound made by Lady Gaga.
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But modern records don't use big horns.
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So how does that work?
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Well, modern record players are a little bit more digital.
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Instead of a horn, It's a speaker and instead of a flimsy balloon,
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it's a copper coil vibrating in between two magnets.
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As the copper coil moves between the two magnets,
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it makes electricity that goes to a speaker, creating sound.
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But it's the 80s and only losers use vinyl anymore.
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The cassette tape.
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Now what sort of sorcery is used to put Michael Jackson into this measly piece of black scotch tape?
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Magnets.
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The answer is magnets.
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In fact, the actual process is kind of just a futuristic magnetic version of a vinyl.
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Step one, record some music.
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Say you're Michael Jackson.
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As Michael Jackson, you aren't going to sing into some big horn.
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You're going to sing into a microphone.
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How can a microphone capture your hee-hees and ha-has?
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Well, let's get it open.
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Inside of the microphone, you'll find a diaphragm that vibrates when you speak into it,
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just like the balloon.
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The diaphragm is either connected to a copper coil,
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kind of like the record player where the sound vibrates the coil,
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sending different strengths of electricity,
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or the diaphragm is connected to a capacitor,
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which is basically just a fancy plate.
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As you speak, the diaphragm moves,
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and this vibration changes the distance,
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causing a change in stored energy,
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resulting again in different strengths of electricity.
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Step 2.
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Magnets.
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So now we have electricity.
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How does that help?
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Well, it's easier to think of the electricity as the pencil in our original example.
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And that makes the magnetic tape the paper.
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The recording head is the point of contact.
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The different strengths of electricity make changes to the magnetic fields on the tape's surface.
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This creates a little pattern of magnetization that almost exactly replicates the original sound wave.
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But how do we read said magnetization?
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Well, just like before, it's the same process, but backwards.
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Get your tape into a boombox and there will be a playback head there too.
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As the tape passes over the playback head,
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the changes in the magnetic field on the tape make an electric signal.
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This is the same electric signal that was made when recording.
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The electricity is sent to a speaker,
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which has a diaphragm just like the microphone,
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creating a big ol' vibration.
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And thus, you hear the sweet harmony that is Michael Jackson.
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But nobody listens to Michael Jackson,
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because he is just so 10 years ago.
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Welcome to the 90s.
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Now, instead of a Frisbee or Scotch tape,
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we use a fat glorified ring.
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To record sound onto this fat ring,
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we use a microphone that works the same way as before,
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except this time we take that electricity and convert it into ones and zeros that represent the original sound wave.
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And that's a lot of words,
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so how the freak do we do that?
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By looking at the voltage.
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For example, if the voltage is this high,
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we give it a one.
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If it's this low, we give it a zero.
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Now using a teeny laser,
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we put these ones and zeros on a disc,
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where pit represents a and an untouched land represents a zero.
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But these pits and lands are so small, the disc seems smooth.
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Now if you put this disc into your crusty 1992 Honda Accord,
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it's going to read it also with a laser.
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This laser bounces off the CD.
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If there's a pit, it bounces a bit differently and writes down a one.
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If there's a land, it bounces the same and writes down a zero.
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But how do these ones and zeros magically become music?
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Again, same thing, but backwards.
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First, we use a digital to analog converter,
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but you can just call them DAC will generate a certain
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amount of electricity depending on whether it reads a 1 or 0.
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This creates the same electric stream that was in the microphone when originally recording.
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And just like before, the electric stream is sent to a speaker,
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which has a diaphragm that vibrates depending on how much electricity it receives,
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creating weak knees, heavy arms, and mom's spaghetti.
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And all that information is actually not free.
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It's gonna cost you one subscribe,
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and I'm just gonna flip this around.
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It's gonna ask you a couple questions.
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You know, we appreciate tips in the form of a like,
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comments even if you feel that.
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze video bevat 133 zinnen en 1187 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 5:36. De spreker praat snel, ongeveer 212 woorden per minuut, dus reken op verbonden en ingeslikte klanken. Slechts 75% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden, dus de woordenschat is pittig.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
15 minder gangbare woorden uit de video, met uitspraak en betekenis:
- horn /hɔɹn/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — hoorn. A hard growth of keratin that protrudes from the top of the head of certain animals, usually paired.
- balloon /bəˈlun/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — ballon. An inflatable buoyant object, often (but not necessarily) round and flexible.
- microphone /ˈmaɪ.kɹəˌfəʊn/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — microfoon. A device (transducer) used to convert sound waves into a varying electric current; normally fed into an amplifier and either recorded or transmitted over radio.
- needle /ˈniː.dəl/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — naald. A long, thin, sharp implement usually for piercing as in sewing, embroidery, acupuncture, tattooing, body piercing, medical injections, sutures, etc; or a…
- magnet /ˈmæɡ.nɪt/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — magneet. A piece of material that attracts some metals by magnetism.
- magnetic /mæɡˈnɛtɪk/ (bijvoeglijk naamwoord) — magnetisch. Of, relating to, operating by, or caused by magnetism.
- disk /dɪsk/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — schijf. A thin, flat, circular plate or similar object.
- coil /kɔɪl/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — spiraal, veer. Something wound in the form of a helix or spiral.
- connect /kəˈnɛkt/ (werkwoord) — verbinden. To join (to another object): to attach, or to be intended to attach or capable of attaching, to another object.
- stretch /stɹɛt͡ʃ/ (werkwoord) — strekken. To lengthen by pulling.
- copper /ˈkɒpə/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — koper. A reddish-brown metallic chemical element (symbol Cu) with the atomic number 29; also, the metal made up of this element.
- laser /ˈleɪzɚ/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — laser. A device that produces a monochromatic, coherent beam of light.
- bounce /baʊns/ (werkwoord) — stuiteren, ketsen. To change the direction of motion after hitting an obstacle.
- pencil /ˈpɛnsəl/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — potlood, griffel. A writing utensil with a graphite (commonly referred to as lead) shaft, usually blended with clay, clad in wood, and sharpened to a taper.
- groove /ɡɹuv/ (zelfstandig naamwoord) — inkerving. A long, narrow channel or depression; e.g., such a slot cut into a hard material to provide a location for an engineering component, a tire groove, or a…
Phrasal verbs die je zult horen
- write down (werkwoord) — opschrijven, neerschrijven. To produce or set (something) down in writing; to record something.
Uitspraak om op te letten
De spreker gebruikt 14 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals gonna, you'll, you'd. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.
- De “th”-klanken: bath /bɑːθ/, smooth /smuːð/
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: vibration /vaɪˈbɹeɪʃən/, capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, congratulations /kənˌɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/, magnetization /ˌmæɡ.nɪ.taɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: electricity /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/, essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, congratulations /kənˌɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/, differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/, magnetization /ˌmæɡ.nɪ.taɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Begin op 0,75× snelheid, spreek zin voor zin na en ga terug naar normale snelheid zodra het makkelijk gaat.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als horn, balloon, microphone.
Grammatica in deze video
De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:
| Structuur | In de video |
|---|---|
| Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doet | is connected · was made · is sent |
| Toekomst met “going to” be going to + werkwoord — een plan of iets dat je ziet aankomen | is going to vibrate · are going to cause · is going to make |
| Toekomst met “will” will + werkwoord — een besluit, belofte of voorspelling | you'll have · you'll get · you'll find |
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.