Shadowing Practice: What is the Avant-Garde? Art Movements & Styles - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Transcription by CastingWords Emerging in the mid -19th century, the avant -garde received their name for their fighting spirit.
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Avant -garde is French for vanguard, a military term used to describe the front line of an army moving into battle.
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Artists were compared with these soldiers, as they were often a group force, challenging long -established concepts and ideas about art,
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and fighting an entrenched establishment.
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Artists such as Courbet, Gauguin and Kirchner were regarded with great hostility, because they pushed accepted boundaries.
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As these establishments denied the work public exposure, that avant -garde fought this censorship of their art.
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Works like this by Ernst Kirchner convey freedom, energy, feeling through their brushstrokes and vivid colours.
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This new approach marked Kirchner as an avant -garde artist, though in his German homeland the Nazis considered him a degenerate artist,
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an unsettling term with unsettling implications.
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Do you find this painting groundbreaking, challenging, worthy of censorship?
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Kirchner's expressionism might have challenged the prevailing styles and authority of the time, but reads very differently to a contemporary eye.
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Hannah Hooch was another German artist breaking new ground in the early 20th century.
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She was an early creator of photomontage art, collages of pasted photographs.
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We see a tribal mask, a baby's torso, an eye from a fashion magazine, an eclectic selection.
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The figure is mounted on little feet as if on display, representing treatment of women in Weimar Germany as inferior and infantile,
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yet put on a pedestal.
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The geometric background is almost a cage.
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Huich was a radical who blazed a trail for photocollage, but was also a pioneer for her gender.
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Avant -garde artists challenge and sometimes provoke us through satire.
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Many would argue that Picasso's work remains radical.
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In Bottling Glass on a Table, the bottle is a piece of newspaper on which stenciled letters spell
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Old Jar, short for Old Jamaica Rum.
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Writing the subject name on the canvas rather than carefully copying its physical form was revolutionary.
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If newspaper can become a bottle, then what is reality?
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Damien Hirst was a member of the YBAs, or Young British Artists, a more recent group that embodied the avant -garde spirit.
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Their work highlights the speed at which art moves from disrupting the status quo to becoming accepted into mainstream culture.
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Hearst's revolutionary Natural History series takes animal bodies and suspends them in formaldehyde.
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They appear alive and caught in movement.
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The work examines life's fragility and the inevitability of death and disintegration.
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The emotion of the work is heightened by how banal the animals are.
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If it were a tiger or a lion suspended at the point of death, the work would read completely differently.
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Like life, the avant -garde is fragile and fleeting, a moment that risks being overtaken almost as soon as it is experienced.
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Rather than see it as a tragedy, let's be excited by the thought that today's avant -garde may be familiar, conventional or even clichéd tomorrow.
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze spreekles is gebaseerd op de video “What is the Avant-Garde? Art Movements & Styles”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: avant, garde, artist, Kirchner. Deze video bevat 33 zinnen en 494 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 3:21. De spreker praat in een gelijkmatig tempo van ongeveer 147 woorden per minuut, prettig om te shadowen. Slechts 69% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden, dus de woordenschat is pittig.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
15 woorden uit de video die het leren waard zijn, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| establishment zelfstandig naamwoord | /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ.mənt/ | oprichting, etablissement |
| differently bijwoord | /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/ | verschillend, anders |
| revolutionary zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˌɹɛvəˈluʃənɛɹi/ | revolutionair |
| censorship zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈsɛnsɚʃɪp/ | censuur |
| suspend werkwoord | /səsˈpɛnd/ | schorsen |
| mount werkwoord | /maʊnt/ | beklimmen |
| argue werkwoord | /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/ | redetwisten |
| carefully bijwoord | /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/ | voorzichtig |
| establish werkwoord | /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/ | oprichten, stichten |
| compare werkwoord | /kəmˈpɛɚ/ | vergelijken |
| trail zelfstandig naamwoord | /tɹeɪl/ | spoor |
| exposure zelfstandig naamwoord | /ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/ | blootstelling, contact |
| spell zelfstandig naamwoord | /spɛl/ | toverspreuk, betovering |
| regard zelfstandig naamwoord | /ɹɪˈɡɑːd/ | respect, achting |
| deny werkwoord | /dəˈnaɪ/ | ontkennen |
Uitspraak om op te letten
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: establishment /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ.mənt/, revolutionary /ˌɹɛvəˈluʃənɛɹi/, censorship /ˈsɛnsɚʃɪp/, establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/, exposure /ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: establishment /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ.mənt/, differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/, revolutionary /ˌɹɛvəˈluʃənɛɹi/, inferior /ɪnˈfɪɹ.i.ɚ/, hostility /hɑˈstɪlɪti/
Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:
- Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: suspend /səsˈpɛnd/, regard /ɹɪˈɡɑːd/, cage /keɪd͡ʒ/, homeland /ˈhoʊmˌlænd/, vivid /ˈvɪvɪd/
- /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: establishment /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ.mənt/, radical /ˈɹædɪkəl/, establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/, mask /mæsk/, photograph /ˈfoʊ.təˌɡɹæf/
- /g/ — een harde plofklank, geen Nederlandse “g”: argue /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/, regard /ɹɪˈɡɑːd/, tiger /ˈtaɪɡə/, photograph /ˈfoʊ.təˌɡɹæf/, examine /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Spreek zin voor zin na op normale snelheid en herhaal elke zin tot je ritme gelijk is aan dat van de spreker.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als establishment, differently, revolutionary.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.