Prática de Shadowing: What is the Avant-Garde? Art Movements & Styles - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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Transcription by CastingWords Emerging in the mid -19th century, the avant -garde received their name for their fighting spirit.
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Avant -garde is French for vanguard, a military term used to describe the front line of an army moving into battle.
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Artists were compared with these soldiers, as they were often a group force, challenging long -established concepts and ideas about art,
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and fighting an entrenched establishment.
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Artists such as Courbet, Gauguin and Kirchner were regarded with great hostility, because they pushed accepted boundaries.
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As these establishments denied the work public exposure, that avant -garde fought this censorship of their art.
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Works like this by Ernst Kirchner convey freedom, energy, feeling through their brushstrokes and vivid colours.
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This new approach marked Kirchner as an avant -garde artist, though in his German homeland the Nazis considered him a degenerate artist,
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an unsettling term with unsettling implications.
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Do you find this painting groundbreaking, challenging, worthy of censorship?
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Kirchner's expressionism might have challenged the prevailing styles and authority of the time, but reads very differently to a contemporary eye.
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Hannah Hooch was another German artist breaking new ground in the early 20th century.
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She was an early creator of photomontage art, collages of pasted photographs.
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We see a tribal mask, a baby's torso, an eye from a fashion magazine, an eclectic selection.
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The figure is mounted on little feet as if on display, representing treatment of women in Weimar Germany as inferior and infantile,
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yet put on a pedestal.
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The geometric background is almost a cage.
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Huich was a radical who blazed a trail for photocollage, but was also a pioneer for her gender.
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Avant -garde artists challenge and sometimes provoke us through satire.
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Many would argue that Picasso's work remains radical.
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In Bottling Glass on a Table, the bottle is a piece of newspaper on which stenciled letters spell
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Old Jar, short for Old Jamaica Rum.
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Writing the subject name on the canvas rather than carefully copying its physical form was revolutionary.
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If newspaper can become a bottle, then what is reality?
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Damien Hirst was a member of the YBAs, or Young British Artists, a more recent group that embodied the avant -garde spirit.
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Their work highlights the speed at which art moves from disrupting the status quo to becoming accepted into mainstream culture.
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Hearst's revolutionary Natural History series takes animal bodies and suspends them in formaldehyde.
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They appear alive and caught in movement.
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The work examines life's fragility and the inevitability of death and disintegration.
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The emotion of the work is heightened by how banal the animals are.
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If it were a tiger or a lion suspended at the point of death, the work would read completely differently.
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Like life, the avant -garde is fragile and fleeting, a moment that risks being overtaken almost as soon as it is experienced.
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Rather than see it as a tragedy, let's be excited by the thought that today's avant -garde may be familiar, conventional or even clichéd tomorrow.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “What is the Avant-Garde? Art Movements & Styles”. As palavras que mais se repetem: avant, garde, artist, Kirchner. Este vídeo tem 33 frases e 494 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 3:21. O falante mantém um ritmo estável de cerca de 147 palavras por minuto, confortável para o shadowing. Apenas 69% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| establishment substantivo | /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ.mənt/ | estabelecimento, fundação |
| radical substantivo | /ˈɹædɪkəl/ | radical |
| differently advérbio | /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/ | diferentemente |
| revolutionary substantivo | /ˌɹɛvəˈluʃənɛɹi/ | revolucionário, revolucionária |
| censorship substantivo | /ˈsɛnsɚʃɪp/ | censura |
| suspend verbo | /səsˈpɛnd/ | suspender |
| mount verbo | /maʊnt/ | subir |
| argue verbo | /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/ | discutir, argumentar |
| carefully advérbio | /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/ | cuidadosamente, cautelosamente |
| establish verbo | /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/ | firmar, instaurar |
| compare verbo | /kəmˈpɛɚ/ | comparar |
| trail substantivo | /tɹeɪl/ | rasto, rastro |
| exposure substantivo | /ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/ | exposição |
| spell substantivo | /spɛl/ | encantamento, feitiço |
| regard substantivo | /ɹɪˈɡɑːd/ | consideração |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: establishment /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ.mənt/, revolutionary /ˌɹɛvəˈluʃənɛɹi/, censorship /ˈsɛnsɚʃɪp/, establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/, exposure /ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: establishment /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ.mənt/, differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/, revolutionary /ˌɹɛvəˈluʃənɛɹi/, inferior /ɪnˈfɪɹ.i.ɚ/, hostility /hɑˈstɪlɪti/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: establishment /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ.mənt/, censorship /ˈsɛnsɚʃɪp/, suspend /səsˈpɛnd/, mount /maʊnt/, regard /ɹɪˈɡɑːd/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: radical /ˈɹædɪkəl/, trail /tɹeɪl/, spell /spɛl/, tribal /ˈtɹaɪbəl/, fragile /ˈfɹæd͡ʒəl/
- /h/ — um sopro suave, diferente do “r”: highlight /ˈhaɪˌlaɪt/, homeland /ˈhoʊmˌlænd/, hostility /hɑˈstɪlɪti/, formaldehyde /fɔː(ɹ)ˈmældɪhaɪd/, heighten /ˈhaɪ̯.tən/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Faça shadowing frase por frase na velocidade normal, repetindo cada uma até o seu ritmo ficar igual ao do falante.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como establishment, radical, differently.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.