シャドーイング練習: What is the Avant-Garde? Art Movements & Styles - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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33 文
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Transcription by CastingWords Emerging in the mid -19th century, the avant -garde received their name for their fighting spirit.
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Avant -garde is French for vanguard, a military term used to describe the front line of an army moving into battle.
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Artists were compared with these soldiers, as they were often a group force, challenging long -established concepts and ideas about art,
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and fighting an entrenched establishment.
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Artists such as Courbet, Gauguin and Kirchner were regarded with great hostility, because they pushed accepted boundaries.
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As these establishments denied the work public exposure, that avant -garde fought this censorship of their art.
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Works like this by Ernst Kirchner convey freedom, energy, feeling through their brushstrokes and vivid colours.
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This new approach marked Kirchner as an avant -garde artist, though in his German homeland the Nazis considered him a degenerate artist,
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an unsettling term with unsettling implications.
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Do you find this painting groundbreaking, challenging, worthy of censorship?
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Kirchner's expressionism might have challenged the prevailing styles and authority of the time, but reads very differently to a contemporary eye.
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Hannah Hooch was another German artist breaking new ground in the early 20th century.
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She was an early creator of photomontage art, collages of pasted photographs.
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We see a tribal mask, a baby's torso, an eye from a fashion magazine, an eclectic selection.
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The figure is mounted on little feet as if on display, representing treatment of women in Weimar Germany as inferior and infantile,
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yet put on a pedestal.
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The geometric background is almost a cage.
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Huich was a radical who blazed a trail for photocollage, but was also a pioneer for her gender.
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Avant -garde artists challenge and sometimes provoke us through satire.
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Many would argue that Picasso's work remains radical.
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In Bottling Glass on a Table, the bottle is a piece of newspaper on which stenciled letters spell
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Old Jar, short for Old Jamaica Rum.
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Writing the subject name on the canvas rather than carefully copying its physical form was revolutionary.
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If newspaper can become a bottle, then what is reality?
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Damien Hirst was a member of the YBAs, or Young British Artists, a more recent group that embodied the avant -garde spirit.
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Their work highlights the speed at which art moves from disrupting the status quo to becoming accepted into mainstream culture.
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Hearst's revolutionary Natural History series takes animal bodies and suspends them in formaldehyde.
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They appear alive and caught in movement.
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The work examines life's fragility and the inevitability of death and disintegration.
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The emotion of the work is heightened by how banal the animals are.
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If it were a tiger or a lion suspended at the point of death, the work would read completely differently.
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Like life, the avant -garde is fragile and fleeting, a moment that risks being overtaken almost as soon as it is experienced.
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Rather than see it as a tragedy, let's be excited by the thought that today's avant -garde may be familiar, conventional or even clichéd tomorrow.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「What is the Avant-Garde? Art Movements & Styles」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：avant, garde, artist, Kirchner。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が33文、単語が494語あります。 音声の長さは3:21です。 話す速さは1分あたり約147語で安定しており、シャドーイングしやすいペースです。 英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は69%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。
この動画の重要語彙
動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| establishment 名詞 | /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ.mənt/ | 設立, 設置 |
| radical 名詞 | /ˈɹædɪkəl/ | 根, 累乗根 |
| revolutionary 名詞 | /ˌɹɛvəˈluʃənɛɹi/ | 革命家 |
| censorship 名詞 | /ˈsɛnsɚʃɪp/ | 検閲 |
| suspend 動詞 | /səsˈpɛnd/ | 保留する |
| argue 動詞 | /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/ | 議論する, 論ずる |
| carefully 副詞 | /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/ | じっくり, 慎重に |
| compare 動詞 | /kəmˈpɛɚ/ | 比べる, 比較する |
| trail 名詞 | /tɹeɪl/ | 跡, 痕跡 |
| exposure 名詞 | /ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/ | 露出 |
| spell 名詞 | /spɛl/ | 呪文 |
| regard 名詞 | /ɹɪˈɡɑːd/ | 尊重 |
| deny 動詞 | /dəˈnaɪ/ | 否む, 打ち消す |
| fleet 名詞 | /ˈfliːt/ | 艦隊, 船隊 |
| mask 名詞 | /mæsk/ | 仮面, 覆面 |
注意したい発音
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: establishment /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ.mənt/, revolutionary /ˌɹɛvəˈluʃənɛɹi/, censorship /ˈsɛnsɚʃɪp/, establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/, exposure /ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: establishment /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ.mənt/, differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/, revolutionary /ˌɹɛvəˈluʃənɛɹi/, inferior /ɪnˈfɪɹ.i.ɚ/, hostility /hɑˈstɪlɪti/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: radical /ˈɹædɪkəl/, differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/, revolutionary /ˌɹɛvəˈluʃənɛɹi/, carefully /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/, trail /tɹeɪl/
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: revolutionary /ˌɹɛvəˈluʃənɛɹi/, conventional /kənˈvɛnʃənl̩/, canvas /ˈkæn.vəs/, convey /kənˈveɪ/, vivid /ˈvɪvɪd/
- /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/, carefully /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/, fleet /ˈfliːt/, photograph /ˈfoʊ.təˌɡɹæf/, fragile /ˈfɹæd͡ʒəl/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- 通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。establishment, radical, revolutionaryなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。