Pratique du Shadowing: What is the Avant-Garde? Art Movements & Styles - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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33 phrases
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Transcription by CastingWords Emerging in the mid -19th century, the avant -garde received their name for their fighting spirit.
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Avant -garde is French for vanguard, a military term used to describe the front line of an army moving into battle.
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Artists were compared with these soldiers, as they were often a group force, challenging long -established concepts and ideas about art,
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and fighting an entrenched establishment.
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Artists such as Courbet, Gauguin and Kirchner were regarded with great hostility, because they pushed accepted boundaries.
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As these establishments denied the work public exposure, that avant -garde fought this censorship of their art.
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Works like this by Ernst Kirchner convey freedom, energy, feeling through their brushstrokes and vivid colours.
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This new approach marked Kirchner as an avant -garde artist, though in his German homeland the Nazis considered him a degenerate artist,
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an unsettling term with unsettling implications.
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Do you find this painting groundbreaking, challenging, worthy of censorship?
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Kirchner's expressionism might have challenged the prevailing styles and authority of the time, but reads very differently to a contemporary eye.
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Hannah Hooch was another German artist breaking new ground in the early 20th century.
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She was an early creator of photomontage art, collages of pasted photographs.
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We see a tribal mask, a baby's torso, an eye from a fashion magazine, an eclectic selection.
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The figure is mounted on little feet as if on display, representing treatment of women in Weimar Germany as inferior and infantile,
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yet put on a pedestal.
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The geometric background is almost a cage.
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Huich was a radical who blazed a trail for photocollage, but was also a pioneer for her gender.
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Avant -garde artists challenge and sometimes provoke us through satire.
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Many would argue that Picasso's work remains radical.
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In Bottling Glass on a Table, the bottle is a piece of newspaper on which stenciled letters spell
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Old Jar, short for Old Jamaica Rum.
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Writing the subject name on the canvas rather than carefully copying its physical form was revolutionary.
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If newspaper can become a bottle, then what is reality?
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Damien Hirst was a member of the YBAs, or Young British Artists, a more recent group that embodied the avant -garde spirit.
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Their work highlights the speed at which art moves from disrupting the status quo to becoming accepted into mainstream culture.
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Hearst's revolutionary Natural History series takes animal bodies and suspends them in formaldehyde.
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They appear alive and caught in movement.
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The work examines life's fragility and the inevitability of death and disintegration.
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The emotion of the work is heightened by how banal the animals are.
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If it were a tiger or a lion suspended at the point of death, the work would read completely differently.
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Like life, the avant -garde is fragile and fleeting, a moment that risks being overtaken almost as soon as it is experienced.
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Rather than see it as a tragedy, let's be excited by the thought that today's avant -garde may be familiar, conventional or even clichéd tomorrow.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale s’appuie sur la vidéo « What is the Avant-Garde? Art Movements & Styles ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : avant, garde, artist, Kirchner. Cette vidéo contient 33 phrases et 494 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 3:21. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 147 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. Seuls 69 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| establishment nom | /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ.mənt/ | établissement |
| radical nom | /ˈɹædɪkəl/ | racine |
| differently adverbe | /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/ | différemment |
| revolutionary nom | /ˌɹɛvəˈluʃənɛɹi/ | révolutionnaire |
| censorship nom | /ˈsɛnsɚʃɪp/ | censure |
| suspend verbe | /səsˈpɛnd/ | suspendre |
| mount verbe | /maʊnt/ | monter, grimper |
| argue verbe | /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/ | affirmer, débattre |
| carefully adverbe | /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/ | soigneusement |
| establish verbe | /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/ | affermir, instaurer |
| compare verbe | /kəmˈpɛɚ/ | comparer |
| trail nom | /tɹeɪl/ | piste, traces |
| exposure nom | /ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/ | exposition |
| spell nom | /spɛl/ | charme, maléfice |
| deny verbe | /dəˈnaɪ/ | nier, démentir |
Prononciation à surveiller
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: establishment /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ.mənt/, revolutionary /ˌɹɛvəˈluʃənɛɹi/, censorship /ˈsɛnsɚʃɪp/, establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/, exposure /ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: establishment /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ.mənt/, differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/, revolutionary /ˌɹɛvəˈluʃənɛɹi/, inferior /ɪnˈfɪɹ.i.ɚ/, hostility /hɑˈstɪlɪti/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: highlight /ˈhaɪˌlaɪt/, homeland /ˈhoʊmˌlænd/, hostility /hɑˈstɪlɪti/, formaldehyde /fɔː(ɹ)ˈmældɪhaɪd/, heighten /ˈhaɪ̯.tən/
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: soldier /ˈsoʊld͡ʒɚ/, tragedy /ˈtɹæd͡ʒ.ɪ.di/, cage /keɪd͡ʒ/, fragile /ˈfɹæd͡ʒəl/, geometric /ˌd͡ʒiː.əʊˈmɛt.ɹɪk/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: radical /ˈɹædɪkəl/, differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/, revolutionary /ˌɹɛvəˈluʃənɛɹi/, argue /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/, carefully /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme establishment, radical, differently.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.