Shadowing Practice: What is the Avant-Garde? Art Movements & Styles - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Transcription by CastingWords Emerging in the mid -19th century, the avant -garde received their name for their fighting spirit.
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Avant -garde is French for vanguard, a military term used to describe the front line of an army moving into battle.
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Artists were compared with these soldiers, as they were often a group force, challenging long -established concepts and ideas about art,
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and fighting an entrenched establishment.
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Artists such as Courbet, Gauguin and Kirchner were regarded with great hostility, because they pushed accepted boundaries.
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As these establishments denied the work public exposure, that avant -garde fought this censorship of their art.
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Works like this by Ernst Kirchner convey freedom, energy, feeling through their brushstrokes and vivid colours.
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This new approach marked Kirchner as an avant -garde artist, though in his German homeland the Nazis considered him a degenerate artist,
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an unsettling term with unsettling implications.
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Do you find this painting groundbreaking, challenging, worthy of censorship?
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Kirchner's expressionism might have challenged the prevailing styles and authority of the time, but reads very differently to a contemporary eye.
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Hannah Hooch was another German artist breaking new ground in the early 20th century.
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She was an early creator of photomontage art, collages of pasted photographs.
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We see a tribal mask, a baby's torso, an eye from a fashion magazine, an eclectic selection.
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The figure is mounted on little feet as if on display, representing treatment of women in Weimar Germany as inferior and infantile,
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yet put on a pedestal.
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The geometric background is almost a cage.
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Huich was a radical who blazed a trail for photocollage, but was also a pioneer for her gender.
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Avant -garde artists challenge and sometimes provoke us through satire.
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Many would argue that Picasso's work remains radical.
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In Bottling Glass on a Table, the bottle is a piece of newspaper on which stenciled letters spell
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Old Jar, short for Old Jamaica Rum.
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Writing the subject name on the canvas rather than carefully copying its physical form was revolutionary.
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If newspaper can become a bottle, then what is reality?
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Damien Hirst was a member of the YBAs, or Young British Artists, a more recent group that embodied the avant -garde spirit.
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Their work highlights the speed at which art moves from disrupting the status quo to becoming accepted into mainstream culture.
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Hearst's revolutionary Natural History series takes animal bodies and suspends them in formaldehyde.
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They appear alive and caught in movement.
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The work examines life's fragility and the inevitability of death and disintegration.
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The emotion of the work is heightened by how banal the animals are.
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If it were a tiger or a lion suspended at the point of death, the work would read completely differently.
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Like life, the avant -garde is fragile and fleeting, a moment that risks being overtaken almost as soon as it is experienced.
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Rather than see it as a tragedy, let's be excited by the thought that today's avant -garde may be familiar, conventional or even clichéd tomorrow.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación se basa en el vídeo “What is the Avant-Garde? Art Movements & Styles”. Las palabras que más se repiten: avant, garde, artist, Kirchner. Este vídeo tiene 33 frases y 494 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 3:21. El hablante mantiene un ritmo constante de unas 147 palabras por minuto, cómodo para el shadowing. Solo el 69 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
15 palabras del vídeo que vale la pena aprender, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| establishment sustantivo | /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ.mənt/ | establecimiento |
| differently adverbio | /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/ | diferentemente |
| revolutionary sustantivo | /ˌɹɛvəˈluʃənɛɹi/ | revolucionario, revolucionaria |
| censorship sustantivo | /ˈsɛnsɚʃɪp/ | censura |
| suspend verbo | /səsˈpɛnd/ | suspender |
| mount verbo | /maʊnt/ | montar, cabalgar |
| argue verbo | /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/ | argüir, argumentar |
| carefully adverbio | /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/ | cuidadosamente |
| establish verbo | /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/ | establecer, establir |
| compare verbo | /kəmˈpɛɚ/ | comparar, parangonar |
| trail sustantivo | /tɹeɪl/ | rastro, pista |
| exposure sustantivo | /ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/ | exposición |
| spell sustantivo | /spɛl/ | hechizo, conjuro |
| regard sustantivo | /ɹɪˈɡɑːd/ | miramiento, reguardo |
| deny verbo | /dəˈnaɪ/ | negar, impugnar |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: establishment /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ.mənt/, revolutionary /ˌɹɛvəˈluʃənɛɹi/, censorship /ˈsɛnsɚʃɪp/, establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/, exposure /ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: establishment /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ.mənt/, differently /ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt.li/, revolutionary /ˌɹɛvəˈluʃənɛɹi/, inferior /ɪnˈfɪɹ.i.ɚ/, hostility /hɑˈstɪlɪti/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- s + consonante al inicio — sin añadir una “e” delante: spell /spɛl/, stencil /ˈstɛnsəl/
- /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: revolutionary /ˌɹɛvəˈluʃənɛɹi/, conventional /kənˈvɛnʃənl̩/, canvas /ˈkæn.vəs/, convey /kənˈveɪ/, vivid /ˈvɪvɪd/
- /z/ — sonora, no /s/: examine /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/, blaze /bleɪz/, expressionism /ɛksˈpɹɛˈʃən.ɪzm/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como establishment, differently, revolutionary.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.