Shadowing Practice: Chemical and Physical Changes – Quiz Edition - Learn English Speaking with Video
Creating lesson...
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Music Take notes as you watch this video and take the short quiz at the end.
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Every day we observe a myriad of changes around us.
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A car can get crushed into a compact cube of metal at a junkyard.
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A fire can burn logs in a fireplace, turning them into ash and smoke.
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Bread bakes to a crispy golden brown loaf.
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And metal rusts when exposed to moisture and air.
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Each transformation, whether big or small, is a testament to the ever-changing nature of matter around us.
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In science, we dissect these transformations and categorize them into two primary types, physical and chemical changes.
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In a physical change, the form or state of matter changes, but the molecular structure remains the same.
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No new matter is made.
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For instance, consider the process of ice melting.
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As the temperature rises, the ice transforms from a solid state into liquid water.
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Even though the state and appearance change, the water molecules are still H2O, maintaining their original molecular structure.
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This transformation illustrates a physical change, where the state alters without changing the substance itself.
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Let's take a look at some examples of physical changes in action.
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Consider a sheet of paper.
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With a pair of scissors, the paper is cut into smaller pieces.
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The shape and size of the paper change, but chemically, it is still paper.
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Each piece retains the same properties as the original sheet.
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Another example of a physical change.
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Now think about a piece of modelling clay.
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In your hands, it can be moulded, stretched and shaped into various forms, a ball, a cube, or even a miniature animal.
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Though the shape transforms, the composition of the modelling clay remains consistent.
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The changes are physical, not chemical.
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Consider the act of making a salad.
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Crisp lettuce is torn, vegetables are sliced, and ingredients are mixed together in a bowl.
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The various components change in shape and texture as they are prepared and combined, but their chemical composition remains the same.
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The lettuce is still lettuce.
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The tomato remains a tomato.
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The salad, brimming with an assortment of colours and textures, exemplifies a physical change.
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Lastly, visualize a glass falling to the floor and smashing into pieces.
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The integrity of the glass is compromised.
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It shatters.
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However, each fragment, sharp and irregular, is still glass.
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The chemical composition hasn't altered.
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Thus, we are once again witnessing a physical change.
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Chemical changes involve a transformation at the molecular level, where the original substance turns into a different substance with new properties.
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It is characterised by the formation of new chemical substances and often involves energy changes,
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evident through the release or absorption of heat, light or sound.
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Various indicators like change in colour, production of gas or the formation of precipitate can denote a chemical change.
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When iron is exposed to oxygen and moisture, it undergoes a chemical change resulting in in the formation of a new substance, rust, iron oxide.
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This is evident by the change in color from metallic gray to brownish red, and the alteration in the material's properties like strength and appearance.
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The chemical composition of iron changes, proving that it's not just a physical alteration, but a chemical change.
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In a fireplace, wood burns and transforms into ash, heat and gases.
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This is accompanied by the release of light and heat, indicating a chemical change.
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The original wooden logs, primarily composed of cellulose and other organic compounds,
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are converted into new substances like carbon dioxide, water vapour and ash.
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The visible flames and the change in material composition underscore this transformation as a chemical change.
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When the raw ingredients like flour, eggs and sugar are baked, they transform into a cake.
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It's not just a state change.
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New compounds are formed during the baking process, changing the taste, texture and colour.
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The cake's aroma and the solidified fluffy texture are evidence of a chemical change where new substances with distinct properties are created.
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Plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using sunlight.
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This transformation is marked by the emergence of new substances, glucose and oxygen, which were not originally present.
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The absorption of light energy and the creation of food and oxygen signify a chemical change.
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When baking soda and vinegar are mixed, there is an immediate fizzing and bubbling reaction.
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This is due to the formation of carbon dioxide gas, a new substance.
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The chemical reaction occurs as acetic acid in the vinegar reacts with the bicarbonate in the baking soda to form carbonic acid,
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which quickly decomposes into water and carbon dioxide gas.
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The evolution of gas, change in temperature, and the formation of new substances like carbon dioxide,
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water and a type of salt are clear indicators of a chemical change.
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Do you think you can identify changes to matter as either physical changes or chemical changes?
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Let's put your knowledge to the test.
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Thank you.
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I'm
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going to
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go ahead and put it in the middle of the room.
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I'm
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going to go to the next video.
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Let's go.
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I'm
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going to
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go to the next video.
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I'm
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going to
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go ahead and put it in the middle of the room.
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Thanks for learning, and I'll see you next time.
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Vocabulary and speaking notes for this lesson
This B2 speaking lesson is built on the video “Chemical and Physical Changes – Quiz Edition”. The speaker keeps coming back to these words: chemical, substance, physical, transformation, dioxide. This video has 78 sentences and 879 words to shadow. The speech runs for 10:30. The speaker talks slowly, about 84 words per minute, so there is time to copy every sound. Only 73% of the words are among the 3,000 most common in English, so the vocabulary is demanding.
Key vocabulary in this video
The 15 most advanced words in the video, with pronunciation and meaning:
| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| dioxide noun | /daɪˈɑksaɪd/ | Any oxide containing two oxygen atoms in each molecule. |
| bake verb | /beɪk/ | To cook (something) in an oven (for someone). |
| texture noun | /ˈtɛkst͡ʃə(ɹ)/ | The feel or shape of a surface or substance; the smoothness, roughness, softness, etc. of something. |
| transform verb | /tɹænsˈfɔɹm/ | To change greatly the appearance or form of. |
| lettuce noun | /ˈlɛt.ɪs/ | An edible plant, Lactuca sativa and its close relatives, having a head of green or purple leaves. |
| molecular adjective | /məˈlɛk.jə.ləɹ/ | Relating to, or consisting of, or produced by molecules. |
| alteration noun | /ɔl.tɚˈeɪ.ʃən/ | The act of altering or making different. |
| fireplace noun | /ˈfaɪɹpleɪs/ | An open hearth for holding a fire at the base of a chimney. |
| vinegar noun | /ˈvɪnəɡɚ/ | A sour liquid formed by the fermentation of alcohol used as a condiment or preservative; a dilute solution of acetic acid. |
| absorption noun | /æbˈsɔɹp.ʃn̩/ | The act or process of absorbing or of being absorbed as, |
| rust noun | /ɹʌst/ | The deteriorated state of iron or steel as a result of moisture and oxidation; it consists mostly of iron(III) oxide (ferric oxide) and iron(II) oxide (ferrous… |
| ingredient noun | /ɪnˈɡɹiːdi.ənt/ | One of the substances present in a mixture, especially food. |
| glucose noun | /ˈɡluː.kəʊz/ | A simple monosaccharide (sugar) with a molecular formula of C₆H₁₂O₆; a principle source of energy for cellular metabolism. |
| cube noun | /kjub/ | A regular polyhedron having six identical square faces. |
| tomato noun | /təˈmeɪ.toʊ/ | A widely cultivated plant, Solanum lycopersicum, having edible fruit. |
Phrasal verbs you will hear
| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| go ahead verb | /ˌɡoʊ əˈhɛd/ | To proceed with; to begin. |
Pronunciation to watch
The speaker uses 7 contractions and reduced forms, such as I'm, don't, hasn't. Say them the short way, as you hear them.
- The “sh” and “zh” sounds: alteration /ɔl.tɚˈeɪ.ʃən/, absorption /æbˈsɔɹp.ʃn̩/, brownish /ˈbɹaʊnɪʃ/, shatter /ˈʃætɚ/, visualize /ˈvɪʒuəˌlaɪz/
- Long words — get the stress right: molecular /məˈlɛk.jə.ləɹ/, alteration /ɔl.tɚˈeɪ.ʃən/, ingredient /ɪnˈɡɹiːdi.ənt/, indicator /ˈɪn.dɪˌkeɪ.tə(ɹ)/, bicarbonate /baɪˈkɑɹ.bə.neɪt/
How to practise with this video
- Listen to the whole video once without speaking and note the words you do not know.
- Shadow it sentence by sentence at normal speed, repeating each one until your rhythm matches the speaker.
- Record yourself and compare with the original, paying attention to words like dioxide, bake, texture.
What is the Shadowing Technique?
Shadowing is a science-backed language learning technique originally developed for professional interpreter training and popularized by polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. The method is simple but powerful: you listen to native English audio and immediately repeat it out loud — like a shadow following the speaker with just a 1–2 second delay. Unlike passive listening or grammar drills, shadowing forces your brain and mouth muscles to simultaneously process and reproduce real speech patterns. Research shows it significantly improves pronunciation accuracy, intonation, rhythm, connected speech, listening comprehension, and speaking fluency — making it one of the most effective methods for IELTS Speaking preparation and real-world English communication.