Практика Shadowing: Chemical and Physical Changes – Quiz Edition - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
Создание урока...
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Music Take notes as you watch this video and take the short quiz at the end.
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Every day we observe a myriad of changes around us.
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A car can get crushed into a compact cube of metal at a junkyard.
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A fire can burn logs in a fireplace, turning them into ash and smoke.
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Bread bakes to a crispy golden brown loaf.
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And metal rusts when exposed to moisture and air.
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Each transformation, whether big or small, is a testament to the ever-changing nature of matter around us.
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In science, we dissect these transformations and categorize them into two primary types, physical and chemical changes.
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In a physical change, the form or state of matter changes, but the molecular structure remains the same.
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No new matter is made.
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For instance, consider the process of ice melting.
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As the temperature rises, the ice transforms from a solid state into liquid water.
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Even though the state and appearance change, the water molecules are still H2O, maintaining their original molecular structure.
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This transformation illustrates a physical change, where the state alters without changing the substance itself.
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Let's take a look at some examples of physical changes in action.
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Consider a sheet of paper.
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With a pair of scissors, the paper is cut into smaller pieces.
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The shape and size of the paper change, but chemically, it is still paper.
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Each piece retains the same properties as the original sheet.
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Another example of a physical change.
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Now think about a piece of modelling clay.
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In your hands, it can be moulded, stretched and shaped into various forms, a ball, a cube, or even a miniature animal.
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Though the shape transforms, the composition of the modelling clay remains consistent.
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The changes are physical, not chemical.
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Consider the act of making a salad.
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Crisp lettuce is torn, vegetables are sliced, and ingredients are mixed together in a bowl.
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The various components change in shape and texture as they are prepared and combined, but their chemical composition remains the same.
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The lettuce is still lettuce.
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The tomato remains a tomato.
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The salad, brimming with an assortment of colours and textures, exemplifies a physical change.
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Lastly, visualize a glass falling to the floor and smashing into pieces.
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The integrity of the glass is compromised.
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It shatters.
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However, each fragment, sharp and irregular, is still glass.
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The chemical composition hasn't altered.
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Thus, we are once again witnessing a physical change.
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Chemical changes involve a transformation at the molecular level, where the original substance turns into a different substance with new properties.
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It is characterised by the formation of new chemical substances and often involves energy changes,
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evident through the release or absorption of heat, light or sound.
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Various indicators like change in colour, production of gas or the formation of precipitate can denote a chemical change.
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When iron is exposed to oxygen and moisture, it undergoes a chemical change resulting in in the formation of a new substance, rust, iron oxide.
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This is evident by the change in color from metallic gray to brownish red, and the alteration in the material's properties like strength and appearance.
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The chemical composition of iron changes, proving that it's not just a physical alteration, but a chemical change.
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In a fireplace, wood burns and transforms into ash, heat and gases.
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This is accompanied by the release of light and heat, indicating a chemical change.
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The original wooden logs, primarily composed of cellulose and other organic compounds,
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are converted into new substances like carbon dioxide, water vapour and ash.
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The visible flames and the change in material composition underscore this transformation as a chemical change.
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When the raw ingredients like flour, eggs and sugar are baked, they transform into a cake.
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It's not just a state change.
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New compounds are formed during the baking process, changing the taste, texture and colour.
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The cake's aroma and the solidified fluffy texture are evidence of a chemical change where new substances with distinct properties are created.
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Plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using sunlight.
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This transformation is marked by the emergence of new substances, glucose and oxygen, which were not originally present.
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The absorption of light energy and the creation of food and oxygen signify a chemical change.
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When baking soda and vinegar are mixed, there is an immediate fizzing and bubbling reaction.
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This is due to the formation of carbon dioxide gas, a new substance.
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The chemical reaction occurs as acetic acid in the vinegar reacts with the bicarbonate in the baking soda to form carbonic acid,
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which quickly decomposes into water and carbon dioxide gas.
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The evolution of gas, change in temperature, and the formation of new substances like carbon dioxide,
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water and a type of salt are clear indicators of a chemical change.
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Do you think you can identify changes to matter as either physical changes or chemical changes?
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Let's put your knowledge to the test.
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Thank you.
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I'm
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going to
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go ahead and put it in the middle of the room.
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I'm
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going to go to the next video.
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Let's go.
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I'm
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going to
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go to the next video.
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I'm
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going to
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go ahead and put it in the middle of the room.
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Thanks for learning, and I'll see you next time.
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Don't forget to subscribe!
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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку
Этот урок разговорной практики уровня B2 построен на видео «Chemical and Physical Changes – Quiz Edition». Чаще всего повторяются слова: chemical, substance, physical, transformation, dioxide. В этом видео 78 предложений и 879 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 10:30. Говорящий говорит медленно, около 84 слов в минуту, поэтому есть время повторить каждый звук. Только 73% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка, поэтому лексика сложная.
Ключевая лексика этого видео
Самые сложные слова из видео (15), с произношением и значением:
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| dioxide существительное | /daɪˈɑksaɪd/ | диокси́д, двуо́кись |
| bake глагол | /beɪk/ | печь, испе́чь |
| texture существительное | /ˈtɛkst͡ʃə(ɹ)/ | строе́ние, структу́ра |
| transform глагол | /tɹænsˈfɔɹm/ | преобража́ть, преобрази́ть |
| lettuce существительное | /ˈlɛt.ɪs/ | сала́т-лату́к, сала́т |
| molecular прилагательное | /məˈlɛk.jə.ləɹ/ | молекуля́рный |
| alteration существительное | /ɔl.tɚˈeɪ.ʃən/ | измене́ние, переде́лка |
| fireplace существительное | /ˈfaɪɹpleɪs/ | ками́н, оча́г |
| vinegar существительное | /ˈvɪnəɡɚ/ | у́ксус, о́цет |
| absorption существительное | /æbˈsɔɹp.ʃn̩/ | вса́сывание, впи́тывание |
| rust существительное | /ɹʌst/ | ржа́вчина, ржа |
| ingredient существительное | /ɪnˈɡɹiːdi.ənt/ | составна́я часть, ингредие́нт |
| glucose существительное | /ˈɡluː.kəʊz/ | глюко́за |
| cube существительное | /kjub/ | куб |
| tomato существительное | /təˈmeɪ.toʊ/ | помидо́р, тома́т |
Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| go ahead глагол | /ˌɡoʊ əˈhɛd/ | дава́й, приступа́йте |
Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание
Говорящий использует 7 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например I'm, don't, hasn't. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.
- Звуки «sh» и «zh»: alteration /ɔl.tɚˈeɪ.ʃən/, absorption /æbˈsɔɹp.ʃn̩/, brownish /ˈbɹaʊnɪʃ/, shatter /ˈʃætɚ/, visualize /ˈvɪʒuəˌlaɪz/
- Длинные слова — следите за ударением: molecular /məˈlɛk.jə.ləɹ/, alteration /ɔl.tɚˈeɪ.ʃən/, ingredient /ɪnˈɡɹiːdi.ənt/, indicator /ˈɪn.dɪˌkeɪ.tə(ɹ)/, bicarbonate /baɪˈkɑɹ.bə.neɪt/
Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:
- Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: dioxide /daɪˈɑksaɪd/, glucose /ˈɡluː.kəʊz/, cube /kjub/, expose /ɪkˈspoʊz/, salad /ˈsæl.əd/
Как заниматься с этим видео
- Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
- Повторяйте предложение за предложением на обычной скорости, пока ваш ритм не совпадёт с ритмом говорящего.
- Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как dioxide, bake, texture.
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.