Shadowing Practice: CHRISTMAS IN PRAGUE 📕 Human Interest | Bookworms Stage 1 - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Chapter One Christmas 1957 It is night,
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and the fields near the village are white with snow.
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The village is quiet, but not everybody is sleeping.
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Eyes are watching the roads and the fields near the village,
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because this is Czechoslovakia, and the year is 1957.
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Across the fields, only half a kilometre away, is the Austrian border.
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But the people of Czechoslovakia are not free to go to Austria.
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The border guards watch day and night and they carry guns.
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In a house in the village, a man and a woman are talking.
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The woman holds a six -month -old baby boy in her arms.
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She is excited, but she is afraid too.
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Tell me again, she says.
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Did he get to Austria all right last night?
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Yes, he did, the man says.
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Nobody saw him.
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Nobody heard him.
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But last night was easy, because the sky was dark.
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Tonight it's more difficult.
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Look at that moon.
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But it's Christmas night, the woman says.
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And the guards are drinking in the guardhouse, yes?
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That's true, says the man.
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But sometimes they come out and drive up and down the road for a time.
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So you must be careful, and you must run fast, very fast.
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He looks at his watch.
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It's time to go.
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The woman puts on a white coat and a white hat.
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The baby wears a white coat too, and the woman carries him on her back.
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Good, the man says.
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White is best when there's snow.
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Nobody can see you.
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Now, are you ready?
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Let's go.
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They leave the house and walk quickly out of the village.
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After a time they stop, up, and the man says,
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very quietly, OK, do you see those trees?
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Turn right there and go 50 metres.
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When you come to the road, go across it quickly and run down the hill through the trees.
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Then you come to the river.
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Turn left and go five hundred metres.
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The trees finish there and you can walk through the river easily.
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Across two more fields and you're in Austria.
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Our friends are waiting for you in the second field.
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Go now.
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Goodbye and good The woman begins to run.
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The baby on her back is sleeping, but now he opens his eyes and begins to cry.
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The woman is afraid and runs more slowly, but the baby's crying is loud in the night.
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At the trees, the woman turns right, and soon she is at the road.
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She does not see the black car under the trees, but the men in the car see her.
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Suddenly, there is a noise in the night, the noise of guns.
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Then it is quiet again.
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The woman's body lies in the snow on the road.
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Now the only sound is the crying of the baby.
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Chapter 2 England, 1995 Hey,
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Jan, look at this, Carol said.
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She had a letter in her hand and took it across to her husband at the breakfast table.
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It's from the Oxford Orchestra, she said.
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They're giving concerts in the Czech Republic this Christmas.
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They're doing three concerts in Prague and they're asking me to go because they need a harpist.
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Shall we go to Prague for Christmas?
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I can play with the orchestra and you can come with us. When are the concerts?
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asked Jan.
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I always have a lot of work in the weeks before Christmas.
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I must finish writing my new book then.
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Jan taught Czech at Oxford University and wrote books about languages.
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He was born in Czechoslovakia, but came to England with his father when he was very young.
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He met Carol when she was one of his students at university.
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The first concert is on December the 20th, Carol answered.
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Are you free then?
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No, I'm sorry, Carol, Jan said, but I can't come before December the 24th.
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Well, it doesn't matter.
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You can come for the second concert.
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It's on December the 25th.
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But what about my father?
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said Jan.
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We can't go away and leave him at Christmas time.
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He loves a family Christmas with us.
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You know that.
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Josef Vlach was 68 years old.
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And his eyes were bad.
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He couldn't see very well.
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So he lived with Carol and Jan.
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Joseph can come with us, Carol said.
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He often talks about Prague at Christmas.
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He says it's the most beautiful time of the year there because of all the snow on the old buildings.
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I know, said Jan, but he only talks about Prague.
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He never wants to go there.
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Every time we ask him to come with us, he says no. I don't know why,
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but I think it's because of my mother.
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When he thinks about Prague, he remembers her.
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You know, sometimes he cries when he looks at his photo of her, after all these years.
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Just then, the door opened and Jan's father came slowly into the room.
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good morning he said and sat down at the table is there any coffee it's cold now said carol
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shall i make you some more thank you my dear he answered you're very good to me
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Carol went out for some coffee Jan looked at his father carefully I must ask him now,
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he thought while Carol is out of the room You're very quiet,
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Jan said the old man Is something wrong?
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No, no Thank you.
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said Jan quickly.
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Nothing's wrong.
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It's just...
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I want to ask you a question, but...
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It's difficult.
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Jan stopped.
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His father smiled.
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Difficult?
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Why is it difficult?
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Are you afraid of an old man?
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Of course not, said Jan.
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But I am afraid of your answer.
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You see, Carol wants to go very much.
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She loves playing her harp, but it's Christmas time and...
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Stop, said Josef.
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What are you talking about?
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Where does Carol want to go at Christmas?
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To Prague, said Jan, and I would like to go with her.
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We want you to come, too.
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Ah, said the old man, to Prague.
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I understand now.
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The room was suddenly very quiet.
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Jan drank his cold coffee and waited.
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The old man took something out of his pocket.
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It was a photograph of his dead wife, Jan's mother.
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He spoke very quietly, not to Jan, but to the photograph in his hand.
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Perhaps now, before I die, just once I can go back again.
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Carol came back with some hot coffee.
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She looked at Josef, then at Jan.
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"'Shh!
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He's thinking about Prague,' Jan said quietly.
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Carol put the coffee on the table and sat down.
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The hands on the clock slowly moved through two long minutes.
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Then the old man put the photograph back in his pocket.
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All right, he said.
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Let's all go to Prague for Christmas.
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It's beautiful there when it snows.
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I remember it so well, so very well.
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The first rehearsal began at nine o 'clock and finished at two o 'clock.
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What a long morning, everyone said.
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I'm sorry, said the conductor, but we have very little time.
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The first concert is tomorrow night and a lot of important people are coming,
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so we must play well.
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Now, please go and eat.
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This afternoon is free, so you can go and look at this beautiful city.
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Tomorrow morning we begin again at nine o 'clock.
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Please don't be late.
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Carol left the rehearsal room with Alan, one of the first violinists.
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What are you going to do this afternoon, Carol?
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Alan asked.
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I'm going to get a quick sandwich and then I'm going shopping, Carol said.
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My husband Jan and his father are arriving on Sunday.
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Monday is Christmas Day and I haven't got any presents for them.
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I must find something this afternoon, our only free afternoon.
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See you tomorrow then, said Alan, and good luck with the shopping.
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Thanks, Carol said.
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There are some wonderful shops in the Stade Mesto, the old town, so I'm going down there.
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Carol went into a lot of shops that afternoon.
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In the end, she got a book for Jan and a picture for his father.
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When she left the old town, it was nearly dark.
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It was very cold, so she walked quickly through the streets, back to her hotel.
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There were Christmas trees in all the shop windows, and the city looked beautiful.
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There was a lot of noise too.
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People, cars, taxis, buses.
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Everybody's doing their Christmas shopping, Carol thought.
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Suddenly, she saw a man across the street.
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It was Jan.
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Why was he in Prague so soon?
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Jan?
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She shouted across the street.
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But Jan didn't hear her.
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He walked on.
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Carol shouted again, very loudly, Jan!
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Jan!
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It's me, Carol!
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A lot of people stopped this time.
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They all looked at her.
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The man stopped too.
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He turned and looked at Carol for a minute but he didn't smile and he didn't speak.
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It was a very long minute for Carol.
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Her husband's eyes were cold and Carol began to feel afraid.
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Then he moved and began to walk away from Carol down a little street.
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Carol did not understand it, but she knew one thing.
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She did not want to lose him.
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Perhaps he didn't see me very well.
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It's so dark now.
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He's going.
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Where is he going?
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Jan, come back!
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Are you ill?
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She ran across the street.
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There was a sudden noise and somebody shouted.
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Two seconds later, Carol lay in the snow.
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She ran right in front of me, the bus driver said later.
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I couldn't stop.
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There was no time.
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Carol's face was white and her eyes were closed.
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Soon an ambulance came and took her body away.
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Was she alive or dead?
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At nine o 'clock the next morning, the conductor was ready to begin the rehearsal.
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He opened his music and the orchestra started to play.
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Suddenly, his hand stopped moving and the music stopped at once.
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Harpist!
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the conductor shouted angrily.
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What's the matter with you?
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Are you sleeping?
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You begin to play here.
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Excuse me, Mr Rinaldi, said someone at the back of the room.
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The harpist is not here.
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Everyone turned and looked at the harp at the back of the orchestra.
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It was true.
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There was nobody in the harpist's chair.
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Well, where is she?
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asked the conductor.
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There was no answer.
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We can't wait for her, he said.
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We must have this rehearsal without her.
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Where is Alan?
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He can speak some Czech.
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Alan stood up.
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Can you go to the hotel and look for her there?
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The conductor asked.
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Then come back here at once, with or without her.
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Alan left.
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Half an hour later, he was back.
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She's not at the hotel, he said.
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I spoke to two or three people in the hotel, and they say that Carol wasn't there at breakfast this morning.
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and they think that she didn't sleep in her room last night.
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I don't like this, said the conductor.
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Carol is never late for rehearsals and she knows that these concerts are important for us.
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I think we must tell the police.
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Shall I do it now?
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Alan asked.
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Yes, said the conductor.
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Please go now.
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Chapter 4 Nobody understands Carol Carol slowly opened her eyes.
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Her head hurt.
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She closed her eyes again.
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A man said something.
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What was it?
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Carol, she heard, Carol, can you hear me?
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I can hear you, Carol said,
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but I don't want to open my eyes, my head hurts. Who are you?
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It's me, Giorgio Rinaldi, the conductor of the orchestra.
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Mr Rinaldi?
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Carol opened her eyes again.
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Her head didn't hurt so much this time.
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What are you doing in my bedroom?
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She asked angrily.
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What's happening?
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This isn't your bedroom, said Mr. Rinaldi.
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It's a hospital in Prague.
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You had an accident yesterday.
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Can you remember anything about it?
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Suddenly, Carol remembered everything.
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The old town, the Christmas trees in the shop windows, Christmas presents?
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Jan?
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Jan!
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She sat up.
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Jan?
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Where's Jan?
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she asked Mr Rinaldi.
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Please, Mrs Vlach, said a woman quietly.
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Don't get excited.
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Lie down again.
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Carol turned her head.
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It hurt again.
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Near the door of the room, she saw a woman in a white coat, a doctor.
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But I must see Jan, Carol said.
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Where is he?
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I must find him.
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I can't.
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Oh, dear.
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She put her hand to her head.
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Who's Jan?
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the doctor asked Mr Rinaldi quietly.
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Her husband, he answered.
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He took Carol's hand.
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Listen.
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Your husband is coming.
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We told him about the accident.
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He's on a plane from London now. On a plane?
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Why?
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He's here in Prague.
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I saw him in the street near the old town.
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I called out to him and he saw me, but he didn't stop.
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He just walked away from me.
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Please find him, please.
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I must talk to him, I must." The doctor moved nearer to the bed.
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Jan is coming soon, Mrs Vlach, she said Please don't get excited,
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it's not good for you Now, lie down again and close your eyes.
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You must sleep and I know you're feeling very tired.
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Carol lay down and closed her eyes.
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The doctor was right.
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She was tired.
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But why didn't they listen?
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Why didn't they understand?
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Jan was in Prague and she must find him.
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Talk to him.
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The doctor looked at Mr. Rinaldi and spoke very quietly.
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Let's leave her now, please.
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She needs to sleep.
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You can come back later.
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Mr Rinaldi and the doctor left the room.
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They closed the door quietly and then looked at Carol through the window in the door.
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She's going to be all right, said the doctor.
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She just needs to sleep for a time.
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There's nothing wrong with her.
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Yes, there is.
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said Mr Rinaldi.
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She thinks her husband is in Prague, but I spoke to him on the telephone three hours ago,
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and he was in Oxford.
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I'm afraid she's ill, very ill.
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Listen, said the doctor, she had a bad hit on the head in the accident, But she didn't break anything,
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and her head is all right.
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We looked at it very carefully.
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She's going to be OK after a good sleep.
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But all this talk about Jan, her husband, said Mr. Rinaldi.
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What about that?
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Yes, she's confused about that, it's true, but she remembers her name,
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she knows you, and she understands that she's in hospital.
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All this is very good.
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Now, what about you, Mr Rinaldi?
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It's a difficult time for you, too, because of your concerts.
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I understand that.
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But please go away now.
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Eat something.
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Have a sleep.
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Then come back later this afternoon.
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You can't do anything now.
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All right, said Mr Rinaldi.
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But he was not happy.
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Poor Carol, he thought, and my poor orchestra!
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How can I find another harpist before tonight's concert?
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Chapter 5 some visitors for Carol.
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Two hours later, a tall man arrived at the hospital.
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He asked to see the woman in yesterday's street accident.
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He didn't know her name.
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The doctor came downstairs. Who are you?
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she asked the man.
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My name is Pavel Brechter.
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I saw the accident, and I called the ambulance.
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Is the woman all right?
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I just wanted to know that.
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I was afraid she was dead.
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The doctor smiled.
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Would you like to see her?
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She's much better now.
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Yes, please, answered Pavel.
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Then come with me.
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They went upstairs in the lift and walked along to Carol's room.
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At the door they stopped and looked in through the window.
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She's sleeping.
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said the doctor.
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But she looks well, said Pavel.
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Yesterday she looked so white.
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I was afraid for her.
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Just then, Carol opened her eyes and saw a man through the window in her door.
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She sat up.
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Jan!
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She shouted.
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Jan!
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Oh dear, the doctor said.
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Not again.
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She hit her head in the accident and she's confused about some things.
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She thinks that you are her husband from England. Shall I go?
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asked Pavel.
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Perhaps it's better.
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Yes, answered the doctor.
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She went into Carol's room and closed the door.
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Pavel walked slowly back to the lift.
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Then the lift door opened and a man ran out with some beautiful red flowers in his arms.
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He looked at the numbers of the rooms and then went quickly into Carol's room.
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He didn't see Pavel, but an older man came slowly out of the lift next.
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He saw Pavel and stopped suddenly.
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Pavel stopped too.
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I'm sorry, said the old man.
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My eyes aren't very good.
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I thought...
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You see, you look...
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Yes, I know, said Pavel.
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I saw your friend.
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He's not my friend.
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He's my son.
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Please tell me, what is your name?
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Pavel Brichter.
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The old man looked very afraid.
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His face went white and his mouth opened and closed.
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But he said nothing.
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Now Pavel was afraid.
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You don't look very well, he said.
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Would you like to sit down?
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And shall I call a doctor?
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There's a doctor in this room here.
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Please, said the old man.
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My son is in that room.
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Please take me to him.
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Pavel took the old man's arm.
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In Carol's room, Jan put the red flowers on the bed and took his wife's hands.
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Oh my love, are you all right? he said.
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I can't understand it.
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Why did you run in front of a bus?
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How did it happen?
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Carol didn't answer his questions.
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Jan?
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She looked up into his face.
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You are Jan?
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Tell me that you're Jan? Of course I'm Jan.
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What are you talking about?
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The doctor came up to the bed.
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Wait a minute, she said.
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You told me that your name was Pavel Brichter.
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Are you Mrs Vlach's husband or not?
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Just then, Carol looked behind Jan.
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She saw Pavel with Jan's father through the window of her door.
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Her eyes got bigger and bigger. Who is that?
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she said.
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Jan and the doctor turned and saw Pavel.
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My God, said Jan I don't know The doctor looked back at Jan's face
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Two men, but only one face She said quietly
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Then Jan's father opened the door of Carol's room the two men came in.
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Jan stood up.
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He looked at his father. Who is this man?
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he asked.
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His name is Pavel Brichter, answered his father.
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Please, bring me a chair and some water.
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I need to sit down before I can answer your question.
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Jan got a chair for his father and the doctor gave him some water.
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Then she left the room quietly.
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Chapter 6 Who is Pavel?
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The old man drank some water and looked up.
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Pavel, he said, I must ask you to look at this photo.
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He put his hand in his pocket and took out a photograph of a young woman.
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Do you know this woman?
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Yes, said Pavel.
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That's a photo of my mother, Lenka.
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She died when I was very young.
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But my grandmother had many photos of her and we often looked at them.
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Did you live with your grandmother when you were young?
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Yes, I did.
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But how do you know all this?
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Because, said Yosef, Lenka was my wife.
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Dad, what are you saying?
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said Jan.
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Yosef looked at Jan.
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My boy, don't be angry with me.
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I didn't tell you many things about your mother.
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Perhaps I was wrong.
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But I wanted to forget.
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Not to forget your mother, only to forget that terrible night in 1957.
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Jan, this man, Pavel, is your twin brother.
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You can see that it's true.
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Look at your faces.
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Pavel looked at Jan.
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So, I have a brother, he said.
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My grandmother never told me that.
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Jan smiled.
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And my father, our father, never told me about a twin brother.
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He turned to Josef.
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Dad, why didn't you tell me?
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it's a long story said the old man it begins many years ago
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when a young man went to Prague University he was there for seven years
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and in his last year he met a beautiful young woman
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his eyes turned to the photo she was
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so beautiful of course the young man fell in love with her
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and they got married in 1956 but things were difficult in Prague then.
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People were not happy, and they were not free.
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Lenka and I, and a lot of our friends, wanted to change things.
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But it was dangerous work.
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The Russians knew about us, and they watched us all the time.
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Then, you two boys were born on a wonderful day in June 1957.
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But you went away, Pavel said angrily, your wife died and you left the country.
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You went away to England and began a new life.
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You didn't write, you didn't telephone.
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You weren't interested in me, your son.
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Joseph's face was very sad.
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Pavel, he said, I thought you were dead.
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Look, I must show you something.
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From behind the photo of his wife, he took out a letter and gave it to Pavel.
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The letter was old and yellow.
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Pavel opened it and began to read.
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The letter was in check, and it was his grandmother's writing.
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I write to tell you, Yosef, that your wife is dead.
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On Christmas night, the guards shot her on the road at the border.
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She carried Pavel, your baby son, and my grandson on her back,
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and the guards shot him too.
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Your wife and your son are dead.
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Your friends came and told me yesterday.
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You have yarn and a new life in England.
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And what do I have?
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Nothing.
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You took one grandson away from me,
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and now my daughter and little Pavel are dead, because of you.
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Don't write to me, and don't come back to Prague.
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I never want to see you or hear from you again.
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Stanislava.
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Slowly, Pavel put the letter down.
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I understand now, he said quietly.
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What a terrible letter!
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How could she do that to you?
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And to me?
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Stanislava loved her daughter very much, Yosef said sadly.
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She loved you too and didn't want to lose you.
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I see that now.
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But she never liked me.
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And after that letter, how could I go back to Prague?
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You were dead.
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Lenka was dead.
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He put his face in his hands.
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The room was very quiet.
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Then Pavel put his hand on his father's arm.
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Stanislava is dead now, he said.
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You and I can begin again, he smiled, and learned to be father and son.
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Joseph's face was wet with tears
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he put his hand over Pavel's hand and smiled back at him but he could not speak
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now there were tears in everybody's eyes after a minute or two Jan said Dad,
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I know it's difficult for you, but can you tell us about that Christmas in 1957?
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How did it all happen?
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I'd like to know.
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Yes, said his father.
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You and Pavel must know.
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He turned to Pavel.
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But what did Stanislava tell you?
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Very little, Pavel said.
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She never wanted to talk about it.
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She told me that my mother died in hospital and you went away to England.
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That was all.
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I can understand that, said Yosef.
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Poor Stanislava.
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She lost her daughter because of me.
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And she never liked our work for freedom, you see.
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She didn't understand.
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She just wanted a quiet family life.
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Christmas 1957 said Jan yes said Yosef in October
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and November of that year things got more and more dangerous for Lenka
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and me our friends told us leave before the Russians get you.
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Get away to Austria and then to England.
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We didn't want to leave Czechoslovakia, of course.
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It was our home.
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But we couldn't stay.
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Our friends helped us and Jan and I got across the border on the day before Christmas, December the 24th.
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It was night.
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There was no moon, and we got to Austria all right, through the fields and the snow.
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But the next night - December the 25th, said Pavel.
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My grandmother told me the day.
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My mother died in a hospital bed in Prague, she said.
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Lenka died in the snow, on the road at the border,
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Josef said, she was so near Austria,
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so near us, with you, Pavel, on her back.
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The old man's voice stopped, and again, he put his head in his hands.
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Chapter 7 The Music Must Come First For some minutes,
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nobody in the room said anything.
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They looked at the old man in his chair, and they all thought about a snowy night in 1957.
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Then Pavel turned to Jan.
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Let's forget 1957 for now, he said quietly.
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For me, this is a wonderful day.
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I have no family in Prague.
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My grandmother died many years ago.
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But now I have a brother, a father." He looked at Carol in her bed and smiled.
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And her sister.
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Why did you come to the hospital to see me?
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Carol asked.
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You had an accident because of me, Pavel said.
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I knew that.
563
You called to me and shouted and then ran to me across the street, right in front of a bus.
564
I didn't understand why, but I wanted to know that you were all right.' Jan looked at Carol too.
565
"'And are you all right, my love?
566
I'm sorry.
567
I forgot about you.' I'm feeling very well, Carol said happily.
568
Now I understand everything, so I feel much better.
569
My husband is my husband again, and we have a new brother.
570
Oh, but there is one thing.
571
She looked at her new brother.
572
Why is your name Pavel Brichter and not Pavel Vlach?
573
The old man moved in his chair.
574
Her name was Lenka Brichter, he said quietly, before she married me.
575
Yes, Pavel said.
576
He looked at Carol.
577
You see, my father didn't want me, I thought, so I didn't want my father's name.
578
And when I was older, I changed it and took my mother's name.
579
He turned to his father.
580
I was an angry young man then. But now?
581
No, said Yosef.
582
Don't change it.
583
It's a very good name.
584
And you are Lenka's son.
585
Suddenly, the door opened and Mr Rinaldi came in.
586
Carol, he said.
587
The doctor says that you are better. Is it true?
588
You look wonderful.
589
Can you play in the concert tonight?
590
You see, I can't find another harpist, and without a harp, the music...
591
He saw everyone for the first time and stopped.
592
Oh, I'm sorry, he said quickly.
593
I see you have friends here, but you see, it's important.
594
It's an important concert for my orchestra and...
595
He stopped again.
596
Why are you all laughing at me?
597
Jan stopped laughing first.
598
Mr Rinaldi, he said, you are the right man for Prague, the city of music.
599
The music must come first.
600
Carol, Mr Rinaldi began.
601
Carol turned to Jan.
602
I feel very well now, and I'd like to play tonight,
603
but I want all my family to come to the concert.
604
My husband, my new brother, and their father.
605
Can you all come?
606
Please say yes." Jan looked at his father.
607
are you all right dad or are you feeling tired now shall we all go to mr rinaldi's concert
608
free tickets of course for all carol's family said mr rinaldi quickly
609
christmas music in prague again joseph said slowly And with my two sons.
610
Wonderful!
611
Wonderful!
612
He smiled happily at Jan and Pavel.
613
How can we say no?
614
he asked.
615
Thank you.
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Vocabulary and speaking notes for this lesson
This video has 615 sentences and 4582 words to shadow. The speech runs for 53:23. The speaker talks slowly, about 86 words per minute, so there is time to copy every sound. 87% of the words are among the 3,000 most common in English, so the vocabulary is easy to follow.
Key vocabulary in this video
15 less common words from the video, with pronunciation and meaning:
- carol /ˈkɛɹəl/ (noun) — A ballad or song of joy.
- quietly /ˈkwaɪ.ɪt.li/ (adverb) — Producing little or no noise.
- conductor /kənˈdʌktɚ/ (noun) — One who conducts or leads; a guide; a director.
- orchestra /ˈɔː.kɪs.tɹə/ (noun) — A large group of musicians who play together on various instruments, usually including some from strings, woodwind, brass and/or percussion; the instruments…
- litter /ˈlɪt.ɚ/ (noun) — Straw, grass, and similar loose material used as bedding for people or animals.
- shout /ʃaʊt/ (verb) — To utter a sudden and loud cry, as in joy, triumph, exultation or anger, or to attract attention, to animate others, etc.
- clock /klɑk/ (noun) — A chronometer, an instrument that measures time, particularly the time of day.
- grandmother /ˈɡɹæn(d)ˌmʌðɚ/ (noun) — A mother of someone's parent.
- rehearsal /ɹɪˈhɝsl̩/ (noun) — The practising of something which is to be performed before an audience, usually to test or improve the interaction between several participating people, or to…
- photograph /ˈfoʊ.təˌɡɹæf/ (noun) — A picture created by projecting an image onto a photosensitive surface such as a chemically treated plate or film, CCD receptor, etc.
- pocket /ˈpɑ.kɪt/ (noun) — A bag stitched to an item of clothing, used for carrying small items.
- coat /ˈkoʊ̯t/ (noun) — An outer garment covering the upper torso and arms.
- confused /kənˈfjuːzd/ (adjective) — unable to think clearly or understand
- bedroom /ˈbɛdˌɹum/ (noun) — A room in a house, apartment, hotel, or other dwelling where a bed is kept for sleeping.
- carefully /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/ (adverb) — With care; attentively, circumspectly.
Phrasal verbs you will hear
- look at (verb) — To observe or watch.
- talk about (verb) — Used to draw attention to the speaker's characterization of someone or something.
- come back (verb) — To return to a place.
- come with (verb) — To join and come along.
- come in /ˌkʌm ˈɪn/ (verb) — To enter.
- go away (verb) — To depart or leave a place.
- go into (verb) — To get involved in; to investigate or explore.
- lie down (verb) — To assume a horizontal position.
Pronunciation to watch
The speaker uses 72 contractions and reduced forms, such as didn't, don't, I'm. Say them the short way, as you hear them.
How to practise with this video
- Listen to the whole video once without speaking and note the words you do not know.
- Shadow it sentence by sentence at normal speed, repeating each one until your rhythm matches the speaker.
- Record yourself and compare with the original, paying attention to words like carol, quietly, conductor.
Grammar in this video
The structures the speaker uses most, with the exact words from the video:
| Structure | In the video |
|---|---|
| Passive voice be + past participle — the focus is on what happens, not who does it | was born · were closed · were born |
| Verb + -ing enjoy, keep, stop… + -ing — verbs that are followed by the -ing form | finish writing · loves playing · stopped moving |
| Present continuous am/is/are + -ing — something happening right now or around now | is sleeping · are watching · are talking |
| Obligation: must / have to / need to saying that something is necessary | must run · must finish · must ask |
What is the Shadowing Technique?
Shadowing is a science-backed language learning technique originally developed for professional interpreter training and popularized by polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. The method is simple but powerful: you listen to native English audio and immediately repeat it out loud — like a shadow following the speaker with just a 1–2 second delay. Unlike passive listening or grammar drills, shadowing forces your brain and mouth muscles to simultaneously process and reproduce real speech patterns. Research shows it significantly improves pronunciation accuracy, intonation, rhythm, connected speech, listening comprehension, and speaking fluency — making it one of the most effective methods for IELTS Speaking preparation and real-world English communication.