Shadowing Practice: Learn English with a Book | Animal Farm | Deep Work Session | Part 5 - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Reading stories is the best way to improve your language skills, so today we're going to continue to read Animal Farm by George Orwell.
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My name is Eric, I am an English teacher and a narrator, and today I'm going to continue to use this book to teach you English.
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Let me know where you are watching from in the comments below, and please comment any questions that you have.
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Before we begin, let's review what's happened in the story.
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In chapter 1, there was the meeting of the animals in the barn, and Old Major gave a speech.
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Old Major told the animals that they should rebel against their masters.
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he taught them a song and then at the beginning of chapter two old major died
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and the other pigs took over command of the animals we learned
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that three of the pigs developed a system of thought called animalism,
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and they taught it to the other animals.
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We also learned that Moses,
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the raven, was teaching other things about Sugar Candy Mountain and trying to fight against the ideas of the pigs.
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The rebellion was achieved.
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The rebellion was completed when this happened here.
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This is the battle of the animals against Mr. Jones and Mr. Jones' men.
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So when we finished last time, the animals had won the battle and the humans have run away.
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So let's begin.
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For the first few minutes, the animals could hardly believe in their good fortune.
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Their first act was to gallop in a body, a right around the boundaries of the farm,
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as though to make quite sure that no human being was hiding anywhere upon it.
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Okay.
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Hardly is a word to double -check your understanding of.
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Hardly means almost not at all.
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It does not mean with difficulty.
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Double -check your understanding of hardly, so they could almost not believe in their good fortune their
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first act was to run gallop galloping is a kind of running
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that animals do in a body so that's all together all together
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so if people move all at once it's kind of a body of people together right round the boundaries of the farm.
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So they went, if the farm is like this, say the house is here and the barn is here,
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the animals went around, they ran around the entire property,
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all the land, to see the borders, the boundaries of the farm,
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as though to make quite sure no human being was hiding anywhere upon it,
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as though, like they were, like they were trying to make sure,
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to make sure, to ensure, to become confident about something, so to learn about something,
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to make sure that no human being was hiding anywhere upon it.
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Then they raced back to the farm buildings to wipe out
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the last traces of jones hated rain to wipe out destroy wipe out is destroy there's other meanings
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but let's go erase or destroy erase
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or destroy the last traces traces are the remains of something.
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So let me show you what I mean.
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Here's my coaster that I use for my tea.
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Traces.
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If you look closely, there's some coffee here.
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I know I should clean it, but there's some coffee here.
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There's traces of coffee.
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There's traces of coffee.
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So traces are what is left what is remaining of something traces of jones hated rain So,
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there are three words which are pronounced as RAIN in English.
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We have RAIN, like it's raining outside.
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We have RAIN, R -E -I -N, and we have RAIN.
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These sound exactly the same.
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They are homophones.
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A homophone is a word which sounds exactly the same as another word.
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Rain, rain, and rain are homophones.
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So we're looking at the third one.
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A rain is the rule of someone who is in control.
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Let's say the control or time ruling.
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so we could talk about the reign of alfred the great
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the greatest king of england for example the reign of elizabeth ii was the time when she was the queen and
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so reign has to do with royalty with royalty rain the
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second word again same pronunciation is the pieces of leather
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that you use to control an animal so you might have a rope
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that controls the animal that's called a rein so ropes to control usually horses but we'll say animals
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And usually it's plural.
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Rains.
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Rains.
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Ropes to control animals.
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So, okay, let's go back here.
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The animals are going quickly back to the farm buildings
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because they want to destroy the last bit of
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Jones's time in control they want to erase him he was mean to them he was not kind to them
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so they want to make sure they don't remember him
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so they will destroy everything
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that remains a short interruption to today's lesson this is your teacher eric
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and thank you for watching and supporting the channel i hope you're commenting below
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and telling me where you're from and what your first language is and asking me any questions that you have.
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If you want to support the channel, you can go to the link in the description and buy me a coffee.
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Thanks, guys.
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The harness room at the end of the stables was broken open, so they broke it open.
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We saw the word harness before.
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Maybe we can find the picture that we used for harness.
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A harness goes onto an animal and then you attach the reins to the harness.
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Hmm, I don't think I can find my picture.
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I'll have to do it again.
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So a harness goes on the back of an animal.
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Say we've got a horse here,
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and so the harness would be what you secure the reins to the reins around
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and going back right so these would be the reins
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and then this part would be the harness this is not where someone sits
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if you sit on it it's called a saddle saddle so the harness room is where they keep the harnesses.
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And so it was broken open.
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A stable is a building for horses, usually just for horses, a stable.
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And let's say it probably has a long low roof like that.
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And then inside are horses, a stable.
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The bits, the nose rings, the dog chains, the cruel knives with
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which Mr. Jones had been used to castrate the pigs and lambs were all flung down the well.
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Okay, so we talked about bits before.
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The bit is what goes into a horse's mouth.
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It's metal, it's a bar, and the horse bites on it.
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The nose rings, the dog chains,
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the cruel knives, so with which he had been used to castrate the pigs and lambs.
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Castration is when we stop animals from being able to have children.
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So if you castrate a pig, it means you cut off part of the pig's genitals, right?
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You cut off the testicles so that the animals cannot have babies.
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And these were all flung.
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Remember, fling flung.
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We had that in our last video.
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Fling means throw.
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So they threw all of these things down the well.
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The well is where you find water, right?
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The well is, let's say, something like this, be a bucket there, and there's water in the well.
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You send the bucket down, you get some water.
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It's called a well.
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The rains, there's that word again, rains, the halters, the blinkers, the degrading nose bags these are things halt to halt is
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to stop something to stop the animals the blinkers they go
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on the sides of the horse's head to make sure that they can't see
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the degrading nose bags degrading nose bags
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so a nose bag is simply a bag
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that goes over the mouth of a horse or another animal
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that has food inside so they can eat while they work Degrading.
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Degrading is a very useful word.
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Degrading.
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Another way to say it would be humiliating.
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It's similar to embarrassing, but it's much stronger than embarrassing.
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It's making someone or something,
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well, just someone, feel smaller unimportant made little in in a very negative way so humiliating degrading and so the things
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which could burn the rains halters blinkers degrading nose bags were thrown into the rubbish fire
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which was burning in the yard rubbish let's talk about that rubbish rubbish, trash,
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garbage.
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Three synonyms, three words which mean the same thing.
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In America, trash is the most common.
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They also use garbage.
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In Canada, garbage is the word that's more common.
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And then in the UK, rubbish is the word that's the most common.
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But you don't need to remember
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that you can just remember use all of them you can use any of these
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that you want and a british person will understand trash and an american will understand garbage no problem no problem
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so all of these things which could burn were thrown into the rubbish fire
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which was burning in the yard
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so were the whips all the animals capered with joy when they saw the whips going up in flames.
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So caper is not a word you need to know.
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Let's mark it with R for rare.
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Rare.
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Remember R means rare.
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So you don't need to know it unless you love reading old books.
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This book is not very old but rare would be our caper so that's jumping around capering is is jumping around
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probably happily so they capered with joy
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when they saw the whips going up in flames to go
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up in flames it's an idiom to burn to burn to
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go up in flames snowball also threw onto the fire the ribbons with
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which the horse's manes and tails had usually been decorated on market days.
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A ribbon, again, is this.
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This is a ribbon.
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And the mane is the hair on the horse's neck, right here.
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And so they decorated the manes and tails of the horses with ribbons.
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ribbons he said should be considered as clothes
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which are the mark of a human being all animals should go naked
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so remember that clothes is just pronounced with a zed sound z close you don't need to try sorry
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that was probably loud you don't need to try to say clothes
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because i don't
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and many many many people who are native speakers don't say clothes you can just say clothes that's fine
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When Boxer heard this, he fetched the small straw hat, which he wore in summer to keep the flies out of his ears, and flung it onto the fire with the rest.
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To fetch is to retrieve,
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to go get, to go get. To go get.
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So maybe you play fetch with your dog.
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You take a stick and you throw it.
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You say, fetch!
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Fetch, Rover!
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And Rover goes and gets the stick and brings it back to you.
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To fetch is to retrieve.
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Okay, what did he fetch?
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A straw hat.
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A hat made of straw.
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Very simple kind of hat made of straw.
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Farmers often wear straw hats.
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And he wore it in the summer to keep the flies
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out of his ears he flung we have this word happening again
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and again and again fling flung flung
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so that's to throw he threw it onto the fire in a in a very little
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while the animals had destroyed everything that reminded them of mr jones
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so in a short time napoleon then led them back to the store shed
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and served out a double ration of corn to everybody with two biscuits for each dog
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so So a ration is a portion of corn.
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Now, this book was written by an Englishman.
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Corn in British English does not mean corn in American English.
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Corn in British English is wheat or any kind of grain.
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You can say corn.
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But in American English, corn is maize is maize.
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So if I say that I'm eating corn, I mean that I'm eating maize.
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I'm eating maize.
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So what do I mean by maize?
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Well, they come in cobs.
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They're yellow.
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They have many, many, many, many kernels.
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You can pop them and you'll have popcorn.
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That's what I mean if I say corn.
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But in British English, it's not the same thing.
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In British English, it's any kind of kernel, any kind of grain.
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So it could be wheat, it could be buckwheat, it could be barley, probably, any kind of grain.
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And two biscuits for each dog.
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Again, what is that called in American English? a biscuit is usually called a cookie, but for animals, for animals,
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we still say biscuits, we still say biscuits.
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We might call them treats for dogs, but it's a kind of cookie.
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Then they sang Beasts of England from end to end seven times running, and after that they settled down for the night and slept as they had never slept before.
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Notice as means like here.
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but they woke at dawn as usual and suddenly remembering the glorious thing
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that had happened they all raced out into the pasture together
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a little way down the pasture there was a knoll
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that commanded a view of most of the farm okay they
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woke at dawn dawn is the beginning of the day you
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can say sunrise i like dawn it's a better word they woke woke up
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so notice here it's not wake up it's the same thing
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but in modern speech we usually say i woke up at dawn suddenly remembered the glorious thing
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amazing wonderful epic glorious glory
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they raced out notice in this book sometimes we have race not meaning a competition
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but just moving quickly
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if somebody's running down the street you can say they're racing
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down the street it's not really a race it's not a competition
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and they went to the pasture the pasture is where animals eat
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so a pasture is where there is grass is grassland let's say
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and the animals eat there there's a horse or something eating food a little way down the pasture there was a knoll
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English has so many words for hills.
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It's not even funny.
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We have so many words for hills.
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I don't know why.
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A knoll is a small hill.
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That's all.
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It's a hill.
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It commanded a view of most of the farm.
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So commanded a view, it just means had a view, had a view.
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Sometimes we'll say that it's a commanding view
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because you can see a lot of a lot of what's in front of you.
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The animals rushed to the top of it and gazed surround them in the clear morning light.
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Again, round is around.
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And that's common in English today.
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To say round instead of around. To gaze. To gaze.
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To gaze is to look.
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It's a face.
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Gazing.
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Yes, it is gazing at us.
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Gazing.
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That is gazing.
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yes it was theirs everything that they could see was theirs in the ecstasy of
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that thought they gambled around the yard they hurled themselves into the air in great leaps of excitement ecstasy ecstasy extreme happiness
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ecstasy
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gambled very rare word very rare word
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so to gamble is to jump around happily jump around happily
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hurled through to to hurl is to throw hurl throw
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english has many words for throwing fling toss hurl lob these
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are all words for throwing in great leaps of excitement a
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leap is a jump great here does not mean good it means big great can mean good it can mean big
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they rolled in the dew they cropped mouthfuls of sweet summer grass they kicked up clods of the black earth
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and snuffed its rich scent
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so they're on the ground they're rolling around on the ground they're
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so happy and the dew what's the dew water on the ground in the morning water on the ground in the morning
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if you wake up very very early before sunrise you can find the do just as the sun rises
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so the pronunciation in american english is exactly the same as do do and do
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they cropped mouthfuls so cropped here is just bit don't worry about
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that that's kind of poetic here they they took mouthfuls of sweet summer grass kicked up clods what's a clod
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just a lump a mass clods of black earth earth is dirt
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we have planet earth because it's the dirt planet but really earth means soil or dirt
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black earth and snuffed its rich scent snuffed here means sniffed it's the same idea sniffed.
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And again, sniffing would be something like I could sniff my tea.
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It's delicious tea.
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I will take a sip of my tea, too.
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Okay.
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Then they made a tour of inspection of the whole farm and surveyed with speechless admiration the plowland,
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the hayfield, the orchard, the pool, the spinney.
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A tour of inspection.
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You probably know the word inspection.
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Maybe you do.
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But have you ever divided it before?
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It's very useful to break words. In -spection.
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So let's divide it like this.
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What is SPECT?
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I wear glasses.
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glasses are spectacles if you watch a sport you are a spectator
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and I could speculate which means I'm making guesses about something what do you think
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that means in retrospect is when I'm looking back I could expect something something.
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There's so many words here with spect in them.
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Many of you know the answer because in your language you have a word that comes directly from this.
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But this has to do with looking.
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So this root has to do with look or see.
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So to inspect something is to look onto it or look into it.
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spectacles help us see spectators watch things speculating is kind of
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making a little judgment about what you think you see in
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the future lots of words there retrospect is looking backwards retro is backwards
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so retrospect is remembering going in retrospect is thinking back So the inspection.
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So they made a tour of inspection of the whole farm and surveyed with speechless admiration the plow land.
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So plow, again, is a device which breaks up the ground.
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It's a device or a tool which breaks up the ground so that you can plant.
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So the plow land is the land which is plowed.
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field, the field, the hay field, the orchard, the pool, the spinny.
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So the spinny is, this is not a word you need to know.
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Let's mark that as rare, but it's just a forest, a small forest, very, very small forest.
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Some trees.
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It was as though they had never seen these things before, and even now they could hardly believe that it was all their own.
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It was as though, it was like they had never seen them, because they have seen them.
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They've seen them many, many, many times, but it was like they had never seen them, because now it's their own, all their own.
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It belongs to them.
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then they filed back to the farm buildings and halted in silence outside the door of the farmhouse
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filed back one after the other filed halted that is stopped
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to halt is to stop that the farmhouse that's what
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that refers to was theirs too
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but they were frightened to go inside they're scared after a moment however snowball
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and napoleon butted the door open with their shoulders
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and the animals entered in single file walking with the utmost most care for fear of disturbing anything,
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butted, hit, with their shoulders.
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So these are big animals and so they break in.
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They entered in single file and single file is like this.
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Sometimes we might see ants traveling in single file.
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The ants are moving in a line, going in single file, walking with the most extreme care,
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utmost care, they're being very careful, for fear of disturbing anything for here means because of
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because of fear of disturbing anything
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so they don't want to disturb anything they don't want to
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move anything in the house they tiptoed from room to room afraid to speak above a whisper
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and gazing with a kind of awe at the unbelievable luxury
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at the beds with their feather mattresses the looking glasses the
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horsehair sofa the brussels carpet the lithograph of Queen Victoria over the drawing room mantelpiece.
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Okay, tiptoed.
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The tip of something is the end of something.
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This is the tip of the pen.
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The tip of your toe is the end of your toe.
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So if you tiptoe, you walk very, very carefully on your tiptoes.
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So tiptoeing is being very careful.
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Afraid to speak above a whisper and gazing with a kind of awe.
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Ah, very important word.
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Ah, wow, wow, something which inspires ah, something that makes you say,
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wow, like if you see mountains for the first time or the ocean for the first time, you have the feeling of awe.
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Awe is where the word awesome comes from.
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Awesome used to mean that something was incredibly wonderful in this huge way,
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but today awesome just means great.
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But awe still means wonder, a sense of amazement with the world
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or anything luxury very very fine things luxurious things things
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that we could think of let's say kings and queens
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or celebrities having
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that kind of thing luxurious things at the beds with their feather mattresses mattresses made of feathers the looking glasses
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that means mirror
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another very famous book through the looking glass it just means
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mirror horsehair sofa brussels carpet i don't know what a brussels
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carpet is it's probably an old kind of carpet a lithograph of queen victoria a lithograph is a stone writing
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so that means simply that there was a stone with a picture on it and that was printed onto paper, a lithograph.
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And that's of Queen Victoria, again we're in England here, over the drawing room mantelpiece.
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So we saw drawing room before.
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A drawing room is a room to entertain your guests in.
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It's like a living room, except that it's just for your guests.
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So big houses might have drawing rooms.
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And the mantelpiece.
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So in a house, sometimes there is a fireplace, right?
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And the fireplace has a shelf on the top of it.
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So there's a fire here in the fireplace.
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And this top of the mantelpiece.
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Sorry, this is the mantelpiece.
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This is the mantelpiece.
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This shelf on top of the hearth or fireplace.
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Fire place.
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Fire place.
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And this is the mantle or mantelpiece. And
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so they have a lithograph of queen victoria over the fireplace
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is what this is saying this is lithograph this is the mantle
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or mantelpiece this is the hearth or fireplace they were just coming down the stairs
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when molly was discovered to be missing going back the others found that she had remained behind in the best bedroom.
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She had taken a piece of blue ribbon, a ribbon, from Miss Jones' dressing table and was holding it against her shoulder
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and admiring herself in the glass in a very foolish manner.
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So notice here that the glass is the looking glass is the mirror.
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So looking glass is a very old word for a mirror, you should call it a mirror, but she's looking at herself in the mirror.
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The others reproached her sharply and they went outside.
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Reproach is criticize.
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Criticize.
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Some hams hanging in the kitchen were taken out for burial
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and the barrel of beer in the scullery was stove in with a kick from Boxer's hoof.
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Otherwise, nothing in the house was touched.
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Okay.
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Ham, a kind of pork, a kind of meat of a pig, right?
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Hamon, hanging in the kitchen were taken out for burial.
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They're burying them because they're animals, right?
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So they're burying them like we bury humans.
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And the barrel of beer in the scullery, remember scullery is a pretty rare word,
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but a scullery is a small room next to the kitchen, was stove in.
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So this is a verb, a phrasal verb, to stove something in is to break it, to break the side of it.
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So they broke the barrel because remember that's part of the rules of animalism that they will not drink alcohol.
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Old Major told us that before and we're about to see
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that over here so that's why they're destroying the barrel of beer.
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Notice that I said hoof here for the foot of an animal that has a hoof.
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It's the very, very, very, very solid kind of foot that horses have.
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You can say hoof.
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You can say hoof.
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Do you hear the difference?
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Hoof.
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Hoof.
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Hoof.
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Hoof.
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Those are two pronunciations which are good.
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Let's talk about this for one second.
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This is important.
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There are words in English that have OO that are not pronounced with an OO sound.
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Good.
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Good. But food.
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OO.
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Food.
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The OO here is pronounced as a that's the symbol good but the oo in food is pronounced as ooh ooh
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this sound is very difficult for many people learning English
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so a very common mistake in English is to say I'm
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good that's wrong that's wrong it needs to be i'm good good
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and the difference between those is the difference between my mouth being very tense here the muscles are flexed
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when i say food i make a a circle with my lips food
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but then here it's totally relaxed so
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that my mouth good good good my students have always struggled with this all learners of English struggle with this
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because it is not simply that one is long
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and one is short it is also a different sound so spend some time on that
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there's lots of words that have this uh sound like could
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and would and should and would w -o -o -d
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and uh foot and look and took there's so many there's
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so many that's something that you should spend time on
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and to get back here you can say hoof and you can say hoof in this case it doesn't matter.
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In this case, it does matter.
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It really matters. So, good.
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Otherwise, nothing in the house was touched.
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So, other than the barrel of beer, nothing else was touched.
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A unanimous resolution was passed on the spot that the farmhouse should be preserved as a museum.
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Unanimous.
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So, this is not unanimous, it is unanimous.
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Why?
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Why am I saying unanimous instead of unanimous?
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Think about, for example, unity or university or universe.
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This U is pronounced uni because this comes from a word meaning one in Latin.
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Today, in Spanish, uno, or in French, un.
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One.
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So, one animus.
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What is anima?
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Anima is spirit, soul, in Latin.
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So then unanimous is of one soul of one spirit.
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So everybody agrees.
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Unanimous.
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Everyone agrees.
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Unanimous.
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All agree.
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All agree.
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A unanimous resolution.
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Decision.
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Decision.
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They all agree that the farmhouse will be a museum.
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All were agreed that no animal must ever live there.
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The animals had their breakfast, and then Snowball and Napoleon called them together again.
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Comrades, said Snowball, it is half past six and we have a long day before us.
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Today we begin the hay harvest, but there is another matter that must be attended to first.
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The harvest is when food is gathered.
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Food is gathered from the fields, taken in, harvested.
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Another matter, another thing that must be done, attended to.
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Think about attention.
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It means you put your focus on something.
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So, attend to, focus on, and complete.
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and so what is this other matter what is this other matter the pigs now revealed
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that during the past three months they had taught themselves to read
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and write from an old spelling book which had belonged to mr jones children
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and which had been thrown on the rubbish heap
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so they'd thrown it away the rubbish heap a heap is a pile of things a heap is simply a pile
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a bunch of trash.
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So the book had been thrown out, thrown away.
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Napoleon sent for pots of black and white paint
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and led the way down to the five -barred gate that gave on the main road.
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If a gate gives on something, it's where the gate opens to.
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Then Snowball, for it was Snowball who is best at writing, took a brush from between two knuckles of his trotter,
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painted out Manor Farm from the top of the bar gate,
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and in its place painted Animal Farm.
466
For, in books, often means because.
467
And you will see this again and again and again in books.
468
For means because.
469
For has lots of meanings.
470
But this meaning is very common in books.
471
For it was Snowball who was best at writing. So knuckles.
472
Knuckles.
473
These are knuckles right here.
474
So the knuckles of his trotter, of his hand.
475
And so he painted Animal Farm on the sign.
476
this was be this was to be the name of the farm from now onwards from now into the future onwards
477
after this they went back to the farm buildings where snowball
478
and napoleon sent for a ladder which they caused to be set against the end wall of the big barn
479
so they asked for they sent somebody to go and get a ladder
480
which they caused to be set so they asked somebody else notice that language too
481
they asked someone else to set it the pigs aren't doing the work that's interesting
482
they explained
483
that by their studies of the past three months the pigs
484
had succeeded in reducing the principles of animalism to seven commandments
485
so if you reduce something to something else it means you simplify it to something else
486
so all of the things that Old Major said in his speech are being reduced to these seven commandments over here
487
a commandment is an instruction but this is a very religious word commandment.
488
It sounds like it's coming from a holy book.
489
It's coming from a sacred scripture or something, or it's coming from the king or the queen.
490
These seven commandments would now be inscribed on the wall.
491
Inscribed. In -scribed.
492
A scribe was someone who wrote for a very,
493
very long time, books were written only by hand, and scribes were people who wrote manuscripts.
494
And so scribe is a word for writing.
495
I know many of you are saying, yes, that's the verb in my language for writing.
496
But for many people, that's a surprise.
497
So inscribing is writing on or writing in their inscribing, their writing, on the wall.
498
They would form an unalterable law by which all the animals on animal farm must live forever after.
499
Unalterable, unchangeable.
500
Alter means change.
501
To alter is to change something.
502
And all the animals have to live by these laws with some difficulty for
503
because right because it is not easy for a pig to balance himself on a ladder snowball climbed up
504
and set to work with squealer a few rungs below him holding the paint pot what's a rung
505
so here's a ladder and let's say that snowballs up here
506
there's our one pig and then one rung two rungs three rungs here's the other pig right
507
so a rung is a step on a ladder.
508
There is an idiom in English, the bottom rung.
509
The bottom rung is the lowest bar of something, so the bottom rung would be the worst thing of something.
510
It could be society, It could be a particular place.
511
It could be many, many things.
512
So he climbed up, and Squealer has the paint pot.
513
The paint pot is just a pot of paint.
514
And so they wrote these.
515
The commandments were written on the tarred wall in the great white letters
516
that could be read 30 yards away tarred tar is a black substance that you use to paint outdoor walls sometimes
517
great here remember great means big in this case it doesn't mean good like
518
if I say I'm great today or this is a great cup of tea that's a different meaning
519
and so those letters could be read 30 yards away of course the yard is around a meter.
520
They ran thus.
521
And so here is where we will stop for today.
522
So the commandments that they wrote are the seven commandments.
523
Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy.
524
Whatever goes upon four legs or has wings is a friend.
525
No animal shall wear clothes.
526
No animal shall sleep in a bed.
527
No animal shall drink alcohol.
528
No animal shall kill any other animal all animals are equal.
529
And here is where we will stop for today.
530
So if you're enjoying this series on this great famous book, Animal Farm, please do comment below.
531
Let me know if there are other books that you want me to do here on this channel.
532
And if you have any questions, please comment them below.
533
I do read the questions.
534
Thank you for all of the encouragement.
535
I'm so happy to see that this channel is helping lots of people.
536
So have a wonderful day, and I'll see you next time.
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Vocabulary and speaking notes for this lesson
This speaking lesson is built on the video “Learn English with a Book”. This video has 536 sentences and 5549 words to shadow. The speech runs for 47:38. The speaker talks at a steady 116 words per minute, a comfortable pace for shadowing. Only 81% of the words are among the 3,000 most common in English, so the vocabulary is demanding.
Key vocabulary in this video
15 words from the video worth learning, with pronunciation and meaning:
| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| unanimous adjective | /juˈnænəməs/ | Based on unanimity, assent or agreement. |
| corn noun | /ˈkɔːn/ | Any cereal plant (or its grain) that is the main crop or staple of a country or region. |
| gaze verb | /ɡeɪz/ | To stare intently or earnestly. |
| harness verb | /ˈhɑɹ.nəs/ | To place a harness on something; to tie up or restrain. |
| trace noun | /tɹeɪs/ | An act of tracing. |
| pig noun | /ˈpɪɡ/ | Any of several mammalian species of the family Suidae, having cloven hooves, bristles and a snout adapted for digging; especially the domesticated animal Sus… |
| rubbish noun | /ˈɹʌbɪʃ/ | Refuse, waste, garbage, junk, trash. |
| ribbon noun | /ˈɹɪbən/ | A long, narrow strip of material used for decoration of clothing or the hair or gift wrapping. |
| mirror noun | /ˈmiɹɚ/ | A smooth surface, usually made of glass with reflective material painted on the underside, that reflects light so as to give an image of what is in front of it. |
| pronounce verb | /pɹəˈnaʊns/ | To declare formally, officially or ceremoniously. |
| fetch verb | /fɛt͡ʃ/ | To retrieve; to bear towards; to go and get. |
| fireplace noun | /ˈfaɪɹpleɪs/ | An open hearth for holding a fire at the base of a chimney. |
| dawn noun | /dɔːn/ | The morning twilight period immediately before sunrise. |
| barrel noun | /ˈbæɹəl/ | A round (cylindrical) vessel, such as a cask, of greater length than breadth, and bulging in the middle, made of staves bound with hoops, and having flat ends… |
| inspection noun | /ɪnˈspɛkʃən/ | The act of examining something, often closely. |
Phrasal verbs you will hear
| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| jump around verb | To move erratically by jumping. | |
| go back verb | To return to a place or state after having been there at a previous time. | |
| wake up verb | /ˌweɪk ˈʌp/ | To stop sleeping; to awake. |
| wipe out verb | To destroy (especially, a large number or complete set of people or things); to obliterate. | |
| break up verb | To break or separate into pieces. | |
| cut off verb | /ˌkʌt ˈɔf/ [ˌkɐɾ ˈɔf] | To remove by cutting. |
| kick up verb | To rear back; to become more active or restless; to speed up. | |
| come down verb | To descend, fall down, collapse. |
Sentences worth repeating
Short, complete lines from the video that you can reuse in everyday conversation:
- Here's my coaster that I use for my tea.
- If you look closely, there's some coffee here.
- Let's say the control or time ruling.
- Do you hear the difference?
- Why am I saying unanimous instead of unanimous?
Grammar in this video
The structures the speaker uses most, with the exact words from the video:
| Structure | In the video |
|---|---|
| Passive voice be + past participle — the focus is on what happens, not who does it | was achieved · was completed · is left |
| Relative clauses who / which + clause — extra information about a person or thing | words which are · someone who is · people who are |
| Present perfect have/has + past participle — a past action that still matters now | have run · have you ever divided · have seen |
Pronunciation to watch
The speaker uses 53 contractions and reduced forms, such as don't, they're, I'm. Say them the short way, as you hear them.
- The “th” sounds: theirs /ðɛɚz/, gather /ˈɡæðɚ/, feather /ˈfɛðə/, lithograph /ˈlɪθəɡɹæf/, mouthful /ˈmaʊθfʊl/
- The “sh” and “zh” sounds: rubbish /ˈɹʌbɪʃ/, inspection /ɪnˈspɛkʃən/, trash /tɹæʃ/, luxury /ˈlʌk.ʃə.ɹi/, shelf /ʃɛlf/
- Long words — get the stress right: unanimous /juˈnænəməs/, napoleon /nəˈpoʊli.ən/, difficulty /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/, rebellion /ɹɪˈbɛl.i.ən/, admiration /ˌæd.məˈɹeɪ.ʃən/
How to practise with this video
- Listen to the whole video once without speaking and note the words you do not know.
- Shadow it sentence by sentence at normal speed, repeating each one until your rhythm matches the speaker.
- Record yourself and compare with the original, paying attention to words like unanimous, corn, gaze.
What is the Shadowing Technique?
Shadowing is a science-backed language learning technique originally developed for professional interpreter training and popularized by polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. The method is simple but powerful: you listen to native English audio and immediately repeat it out loud — like a shadow following the speaker with just a 1–2 second delay. Unlike passive listening or grammar drills, shadowing forces your brain and mouth muscles to simultaneously process and reproduce real speech patterns. Research shows it significantly improves pronunciation accuracy, intonation, rhythm, connected speech, listening comprehension, and speaking fluency — making it one of the most effective methods for IELTS Speaking preparation and real-world English communication.