Shadowing Practice: Urinary Incontinence History | Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms | OSCE Guide | UKMLA | CPSA | PLAB 2 - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Hello my name is Jade, I'm one of the doctors.
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Can I just check your name and date of birth please?
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Yeah it's Samantha Harris and it's the 7th of April 1960.
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Okay lovely and what brings you in today?
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Um, yeah, it's been embarrassing.
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Um, I've been having small accidents.
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Okay.
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Could you tell me a bit more about what you mean by that?
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Um, well, it's just like, I have to wear, you know, pads everywhere I go.
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And I really need to know, you know, where the nearest Lou is just in case.
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Okay, yeah.
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And these accidents, does it tend to be urine or bowels?
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Yeah, just like going for a wee, yeah.
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Okay, and how long has this been going on for?
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So, I'd say two months now.
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Okay, yeah.
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Did it seem to come on all of a sudden or is this something that's been gradually getting worse?
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Yeah, it has gradually been getting worse.
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It would happen maybe once every other day, but now it's like two to three times every day.
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Okay, yeah, seems like quite difficult to manage.
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Very distressing, yeah.
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Could you tell me a bit more about how it feels when you have these accidents?
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Okay, so I'll just like have a sudden urge, you know, to go for a wee and stuff.
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And when I get that urge, it's then when I know there's like a small amount of leakage onto the pad.
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So the accidents tended to be kind of small amounts as well.
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and do you have any trouble passing urine when you're trying to go to the toilet?
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No no that's that's all fine thanks yeah
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and does it feel like you're emptying your bladder fully when you do pass urine?
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Yeah yeah yeah yeah and these accidents do they seem to be random or have you noticed any triggers?
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Just sort of like it'll just come out of nowhere like
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that sudden edge yeah yeah so sometimes people might notice their accents
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when they're sneezing or laughing is
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that something that's ever happened to you yeah actually now you mentioned it's sort of like occasionally you know
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if I laugh or like yeah I have a virus
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and a cough or something and yeah particularly
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if my blood is full at
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that time I will definitely have yeah okay some leakage yeah okay fine
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and have you noticed any pain or stinging
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when you're passing you no no okay um or any blood no no
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or any change in the color of your urine
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no not at all okay and then can i just ask a bit about your gynecological history as well
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Have you ever had any previous gynae surgery?
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No, I mean, I've given birth, but nothing complicated at all, no. Yeah, okay.
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So how many times have you given birth?
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So I have four children.
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And when was the last time you were pregnant?
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So, yeah, my youngest, so it's 32 years ago.
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In terms of your previous deliveries, were they vaginal deliveries?
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Yeah, no complications.
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Did you need any instruments at all?
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No, I was very lucky.
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No, good and no tears or anything like that?
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No, not at all.
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And when was the last time you had a period?
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Okay, so yeah, so that would have been 12 years ago.
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Okay, yeah.
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So went through the menopause about 12 years ago.
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Having any menopausal symptoms since then?
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No, I mean, I've had nothing recently and you know, I might have previously had some hot flushes, but it's all been very, very simple.
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Okay, very lucky again.
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Yeah, good.
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And have you noticed any further vaginal bleeding since you went through the menopause?
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Not at all, just 12 years ago was the last kind of bleed really.
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Okay great and then just thinking on a day -to -day basis how much fluid would you tend to drink?
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I've always been you know really good at drinking water
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so I'll drink about two litres each day yeah I always have done.
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Okay so that's not changed compared to normal.
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No, fine.
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And do you drink much caffeine at all?
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Well, I did have a look on the internet and it did say that caffeine could irritate the bladder.
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So I would have a morning coffee, but I've stopped that.
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And I just have maybe two or three cups of tea a day, so not much at all.
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And cutting out the coffee, has that helped your symptoms at all?
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No, because they're just happening more regularly.
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Okay, enough.
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And then just to double check, how often do you open your bowels typically?
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Just like every day, I've never had, yeah, still the same, never had a problem.
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Yeah, and have you noticed any changes to your weight at all?
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No. Or any bloating in your abdomen?
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No. No?
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Okay, any fevers or anything?
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No. No. Okay, lovely.
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And I guess probably one of the most important things is how has this been affecting you sort of day to day?
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I mean it is getting me down a bit.
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I've just found it very, very distressing.
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It's like it's really not my confidence and self -esteem.
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So I just find it so embarrassing
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so I mean I'm going out far less I mean I will go to work but
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yeah and I find it work very stressful you know just really scared I'll have like a major accident
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so yeah it's really affecting yeah
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it seems like it's sort of dictating what you do with your day it is yeah yeah yeah and
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so you mentioned you've sort of had a read on the internet is there anything in particular
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you thought might be going on?
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I mean I have no idea
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if I'm absolutely honest what's causing it I was just guessing it might have something to do with having had children.
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Yeah and is there anything about it that's been really worrying you?
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I'm really worried um you know the accidents are becoming more regular
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and more I'm worried
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that it's going to continue to get worse I mean
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it's a struggle at the moment to leave the house you just think people can smell you
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so goodness if it just gets worse I dread to think I'll not go out
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and is there anything in particular you were hoping
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that we'd be able to do to help you today yeah just hoping
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you could help reduce the number of accidents I don't a tablet or something.
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Okay next I'll be asking a little bit more about your background history
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but just before we move on I'll just kind of summarise back to you what we've talked about
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so far so that you can correct me or add anything in if it's okay.
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So you've come in today
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because over the past couple of months you've been having some accidents where you're incontinent of urine
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and these have been gradually getting worse
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so now you're needing to wear pads all the time
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and are experiencing these accidents two to three times a day
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which is obviously very distressing for you and
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when it happens you tend to feel a sudden urge to need to pass urine
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and that's when the accidents occur they've also been occasionally triggered by things like coughing
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if you've got a bit of a bug or
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when you're laughing as well
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but you've not had any problems in passing urine emptying your bladder you've not noticed any pain
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or stinging in blood in the urine either
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and you've had four children previously all by vaginal delivery
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and there weren't any complications and you've not had any significant gynecological problems in the past
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You've been drinking the same amount of fluid as you've usually done, but you have cut back on caffeine to see if that would help.
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But it's not made much difference so far.
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Does that all sound about right?
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That's perfectly right, thank you.
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Do you have any other medical problems at all?
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Yeah, I've got high blood pressure and high cholesterol.
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OK.
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And ever been admitted to hospital before?
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No. Or any surgeries?
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No. Lovely.
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And so do you take regular medications?
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Yeah, for a long time now.
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So like Simvastatin, Ramipril and Lodipine.
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Yes, I'm on those.
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Okay, those are the main things.
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And anything over the counter?
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No, no. Lovely.
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And are you allergic to any medications?
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No, not at all.
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No. Great.
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And is there anything that runs in the family? or?
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Yeah so my mum, she died of breast cancer, I mean she was 82.
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Actually my dad, he died of prostate cancer.
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Yeah, but I mean he was 90 so.
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I'm sorry.
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Thank you.
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And just a bit about your lifestyle as well.
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So do you live with anyone at home?
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I live with my partner.
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And you mentioned you're working.
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Yeah, so I'm a receptionist at the local primary school.
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Okay, lovely.
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And then just a few questions we ask everyone.
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So do you smoke at all?
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Never, never smoked, no. Any alcohol?
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Rarely, I mean maybe a special occasion I'll have a glass of wine but very very.
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So on a weekly basis?
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No, no, no. Okay and then have you ever tried any recreational drugs?
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No, never.
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Okay I think that's all the questions I've got to ask.
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Thank you very much for speaking to me today, Saman.
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Thank you.
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Today I spoke with Samantha Harris, a 64 year old lady presenting with urinary incontinence.
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Samantha describes progressively worsening urinary incontinence over the past two months.
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She experiences a sudden urge to go to the toilet two to three times a day
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which often results in a small amount of leakage before she's able to reach the toilet.
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She also occasionally experiences leakage when coughing or laughing.
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This has been very distressing for Samantha and has significantly affected her confidence.
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Samantha has a past medical history of hypertension and high cholesterol for which she takes simvastatin, ramipril and amlodipine.
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She has four children all born via vaginal deliveries with no complications.
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She has no known allergies.
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Samantha works as a receptionist at the local primary school.
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She does not smoke and rarely drinks alcohol.
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Samantha is concerned that her symptoms will continue to worsen and this will affect her quality of life further.
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The most likely diagnosis is mixed urinary incontinence with predominant urge incontinence and occasional stress incontinence.
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To complete my assessment I would perform an abdominal and pelvic examination in addition to urinalysis.
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I would refer Samantha to the continence service for further evaluation and bladder training.
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Vocabulary and speaking notes for this lesson
This speaking lesson is built on the video “Urinary Incontinence History”. The speaker keeps coming back to these words: accident, Samantha, urine. This video has 180 sentences and 1804 words to shadow. The speech runs for 12:23. The speaker talks at a steady 146 words per minute, a comfortable pace for shadowing. 83% of the words are among the 3,000 most common in English; the rest is worth studying before you start. 44 of its 180 sentences are questions, so it is good practice for question intonation and short answers.
Key vocabulary in this video
15 words from the video worth learning, with pronunciation and meaning:
| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| urine noun | /ˈjʊɹɪn/ | Liquid waste consisting of water, salts, and urea, which is made in the kidneys, stored in the bladder, then released through the urethra. |
| sudden adjective | /ˈsʌd.ən/ | Occurring quickly with little or no warning or expectation; instantly. |
| urge verb | /ɜːd͡ʒ/ | To press; to push; to drive; to impel; to force onward. |
| distress noun | /dɪˈstɹɛs/ | Physical or emotional discomfort, suffering, or alarm, particularly of a more acute nature. |
| bladder noun | /ˈblædɚ/ | A flexible sac that can expand and contract and that holds liquids or gases. |
| occasionally adverb | /əˈkeɪʒənəli/ | On occasion: at relatively infrequent intervals, from time to time, sometimes. |
| toilet verb | /ˈtɔɪ.lət/ | To assist another (a child, etc.) in using a toilet. |
| gradually adverb | /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒuəli/ | In a gradual manner; making slow progress; slowly. |
| cough verb | /kɔf/ | Sometimes followed by up: to force (something) out of the lungs or throat by pushing air from the lungs through the glottis (causing a short, explosive sound)… |
| caffeine noun | /ˈkæfiːn/ | An alkaloid, C₈H₁₀N₄O₂, found naturally in tea and coffee plants, which acts as a mild stimulant on the central nervous system. |
| symptom noun | /ˈsɪm(p)təm/ | A perceived change in some function, sensation or appearance of a person that indicates a disease or disorder, such as fever, headache or rash; strictly, a… |
| rarely adverb | /ˈɹɛəɹli/ | Not occurring at a regular interval; seldom; not often. |
| trigger noun | /ˈtɹɪɡɚ/ | A finger-operated lever used to fire a gun. |
| fluid noun | /ˈflu.ɪd/ | Any substance which can flow with relative ease, tends to assume the shape of its container, and obeys Bernoulli's principle; a liquid, gas or plasma. |
| medication noun | /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/ | A medicine, or all the medicines regularly taken by a patient. |
Phrasal verbs you will hear
| Word | Meaning |
|---|---|
| go out verb | To leave, especially a building. |
| go through verb | To travel from one end of something to the other. |
| check out verb | To record the departure or withdrawal of someone or something (such as guests, employees, books, etc.). |
| cut out verb | To refrain from (doing something, using something etc.), to stop or cease (doing something). |
Sentences worth repeating
Short, complete lines from the video that you can reuse in everyday conversation:
- Can I just check your name and date of birth please?
- Have you ever had any previous gynae surgery?
- In terms of your previous deliveries, were they vaginal deliveries?
- Did you need any instruments at all?
- Do you have any other medical problems at all?
Grammar in this video
The structures the speaker uses most, with the exact words from the video:
| Structure | In the video |
|---|---|
| Present perfect continuous have/has been + -ing — an action that started earlier and is still going on | I've been having · you've been having · You've been drinking |
| Present perfect have/has + past participle — a past action that still matters now | that's been · have you noticed · Have you ever had |
Pronunciation to watch
The speaker uses 50 contractions and reduced forms, such as you've, I've, I'm. Say them the short way, as you hear them.
- The “sh” and “zh” sounds: occasionally /əˈkeɪʒənəli/, medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, occasion /əˈkeɪ̯ʒən/, examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, evaluation /ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃn̩/
- Long words — get the stress right: occasionally /əˈkeɪʒənəli/, medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/, cholesterol /kəˈlɛstəɹɒl/, complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/
How to practise with this video
- Listen to the whole video once without speaking and note the words you do not know.
- Shadow it sentence by sentence at normal speed, repeating each one until your rhythm matches the speaker.
- Record yourself and compare with the original, paying attention to words like urine, sudden, urge.
What is the Shadowing Technique?
Shadowing is a science-backed language learning technique originally developed for professional interpreter training and popularized by polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. The method is simple but powerful: you listen to native English audio and immediately repeat it out loud — like a shadow following the speaker with just a 1–2 second delay. Unlike passive listening or grammar drills, shadowing forces your brain and mouth muscles to simultaneously process and reproduce real speech patterns. Research shows it significantly improves pronunciation accuracy, intonation, rhythm, connected speech, listening comprehension, and speaking fluency — making it one of the most effective methods for IELTS Speaking preparation and real-world English communication.