Prática de Shadowing: 【英語スピーチ】Apple創業者スティーブ・ジョブズのスタンフォード大卒業式スピーチ|日英字幕 - Aprenda a falar inglês com o YouTube
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Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life.
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Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life.
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Truth be told, I never graduated from college,
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and this is the closest I've ever gotten to a college graduation.
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Today, I want to tell you three stories from my life.
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That's it.
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No big deal.
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Just three stories.
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The first story is about connecting the dots.
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I dropped out of Reed College after the first six months,
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but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit.
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So why'd I drop out?
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It started before I was born.
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My biological mother was a young,
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unwed graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption.
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She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates,
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so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife.
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Except that when I popped out,
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they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl.
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So my parents, who were on a waiting list,
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got a call in the middle of the night asking,
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We've got an unexpected baby boy.
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Do you want him?
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They said, Of course.
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My biological mother found out later that my mother had never graduated from college
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and that my father had never graduated from high school.
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She refused to sign the final adoption papers.
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She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would go to college.
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This was the start in my life.
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And 17 years later, I did go to college.
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But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford.
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And all of my working class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition.
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After six months, I couldn't see the value in it.
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I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life,
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and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out.
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And here I was, spending all the money my parents had saved their entire life.
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So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out okay.
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It was pretty scary at the time,
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but looking back, it was one of the best decisions I ever made.
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The minute I dropped out,
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I could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me
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and begin dropping in on the ones that looked far more interesting.
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It wasn't all romantic.
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I didn't have a dorm room,
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so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms.
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I returned Coke bottles for the five-cent deposits to buy food with.
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And I would walk the seven miles across town every Sunday
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night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple.
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I loved it.
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And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on.
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Let me give you one example.
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Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country.
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Throughout the campus, every poster,
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every label on every drawer was beautifully hand-calligraphed.
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Because I had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes,
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I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this.
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I learned about serif and sans serif typefaces,
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about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations,
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about what makes great typography great.
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It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle,
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in a way that science can't capture.
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And I found it fascinating.
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None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life.
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But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer,
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it all came back to me.
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And we designed it all into the Mac.
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It was the first computer with beautiful typography.
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If I had never dropped in on that single course in college,
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the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts.
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And since Windows just copied the Mac,
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it's likely that no personal computer would have them.
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If I had never dropped out,
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I would have never dropped in on that calligraphy class,
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and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do.
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Of course, it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college,
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but it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later.
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Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward.
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You can only connect them looking backwards.
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So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future.
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You have to trust in something,
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your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever.
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Because believing
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that the dots will connect down the road will give you the confidence to follow your heart even
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when it leads you off the well-worn path.
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And that will make all the difference.
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My second story is about love and loss.
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I was lucky.
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I found what I loved to do early in life.
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Woz and I started Apple in my parents' garage when I was 20.
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We worked hard, and in 10 years,
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Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4,000 employees.
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We'd just released our finest creation,
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the Macintosh, a year earlier,
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and I'd just turned 30.
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And then I got fired.
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How can you get fired from a company you started?
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Well, as Apple grew, we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me.
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And for the first year or so, things went well.
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But then our visions of the future began to diverge,
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and eventually we had a falling out.
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When we did, our board of directors sided with him.
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And so at 30, I was out, and very publicly out.
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What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone,
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and it was devastating.
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I really didn't know what to do for a few months.
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I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down,
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that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me.
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I was a very public failure and I even thought about running away from the valley.
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But something slowly began to dawn on me.
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I still loved what I did.
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The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit.
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I'd been rejected, but I was still in love.
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And so I decided to start over.
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I didn't see it then,
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but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me.
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The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again.
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It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.
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During the next five years,
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I started a company named Next,
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another company named Pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife.
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Pixar went on to create the world's first computer animated feature film,
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Toy Story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world.
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In a remarkable turn of events,
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Apple bought Next, and I returned to Apple,
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Apple and the technology we developed at Next is at the heart of Apple's current renaissance.
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And Lorene and I have a wonderful family together.
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I'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn't been fired from Apple.
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It was awful tasting medicine,
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but I guess the patient needed it.
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Sometimes life's going to hit you in the head with a brick.
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Don't lose faith.
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I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did.
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You've got to find what you love,
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and that is as true for work as it is for your lovers.
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Your work is going to fill a large part of your life,
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and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work.
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And the only way to do great work is to love what you do.
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If you haven't found it yet,
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keep looking, and don't settle.
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As with all matters of the heart,
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you'll know when you find it.
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And like any great relationship,
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it just gets better and better as the years roll on.
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So keep looking, don't settle.
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My third story is about death.
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When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like,
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If you live each day as if it was your last,
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someday you'll most certainly be right.
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It made an impression on me,
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and since then, for the past 33 years,
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I've looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself,
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if today were the last day of my life,
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would I want to do what I am about to do today?
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And whenever the answer has been no for too many days in a row,
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I know I need to change something.
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Remembering
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that I'll be dead soon is the most important tool I've ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life.
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Because almost everything, all external expectations,
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all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure,
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These things just fall away in the face of death,
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leaving only what is truly important.
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Remembering
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that you are going to die is the best way I
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know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose.
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You are already naked.
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There is no reason not to follow your heart.
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About a year ago, I was diagnosed with cancer.
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I had a scan at 7.30 in the morning,
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and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas.
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I didn't even know what a pancreas was.
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The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer
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that is incurable and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months.
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My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order,
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which is doctor's code for prepare to die.
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It means to try
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and tell your kids everything you thought you'd have the next ten years to tell them in just a few months.
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Remember, everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family.
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It means to say your goodbyes.
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I live with that diagnosis all day.
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Later that evening, I had a biopsy,
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where they stuck an endoscope down my throat,
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through my stomach and into my intestines,
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put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor.
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I was sedated, but my wife,
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who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope,
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the doctors started crying, because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery.
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I had the surgery and thankfully I'm fine now.
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This was the closest I've been to facing death and I hope it's the closest I get for a few more decades.
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Having lived through it I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than
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when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept.
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No one wants to die.
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Even people who want to go to heaven don't want to die to get there.
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And yet, death is the destination we all share.
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No one has ever escaped it.
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And that is as it should be,
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because death is very likely the single best invention of life.
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It's life's change agent.
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It clears out the old to make way for the new.
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Right Right now, the new is you.
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But someday, not too long from now,
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you will gradually become the old and be cleared away.
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Sorry to be so dramatic, but it's quite true.
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Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life.
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Don't be trapped by dogma,
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which is living with the results of other people's thinking.
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Don't let the noise of others' opinions drown out your own inner voice.
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And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition.
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They somehow already know what you truly want to become.
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Everything else is secondary.
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When I was young, there was an amazing publication called the Whole Earth Catalog,
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which was one of the Bibles of my generation.
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It was created by a fellow named Stuart Brand,
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not far from here in Menlo Park.
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he brought it to life with his poetic touch.
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It was idealistic, overflowing with neat tools and great notions.
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Stewart and his team put out several issues of the Whole Earth catalog,
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and then when it had run its course,
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they put out a final issue.
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It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age.
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On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road,
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the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous.
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Beneath it were the words, stay hungry, stay foolish.
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It was their farewell message as they signed off, stay hungry, stay foolish.
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And I have always wished that for myself.
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And now as you graduate to begin anew,
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I wish that for you.
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Stay hungry, stay foolish.
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Thank Thank you all very much.
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Praticar a conversação em inglês com discursos inspiradores, como o de Steve Jobs na formatura de Stanford, oferece uma oportunidade única de melhorar suas habilidades de fala e compreensão. Essa prática não só ajuda a entender a linguagem em um contexto real, mas também traz insights valiosos sobre vida e carreira. Ao ouvir e repetir as palavras de Jobs, os alunos podem incorporar novas expressões e melhorar sua confiança ao falar inglês.
Contextos de fala e benefícios
- Desenvolvimento de vocabulário: Discursos como esse são repletos de palavras e expressões que ajudam na construção de um vocabulário mais rico.
- Aprendizado emocional: O conteúdo inspirador desse discurso motiva os ouvintes a se envolverem mais no processo de aprendizado.
- Modelo para a entonação: Ao escutar a maneira como Jobs expressa suas histórias, os alunos possam melhorar a entonação e a fluência.
Gramática & Expressões em Contexto
Nos discursos, Steve Jobs emprega diversas estruturas que são relevantes para a fala cotidiana. Aqui estão algumas expressões e estruturas que você pode usar:
- “Your time is limited” – Uma forma direta de expressar urgência.
- “I decided to drop out” – Uma expressão que ilustra uma decisão clara e firme.
- “Trust that it will all work out” – Um exemplo de como usar a forma verbal "trust" para encorajar a auto-confiança.
Essas expressões são úteis para a prática de conversação em inglês e podem ser facilmente incorporadas ao seu discurso diário.
Traps de Pronúncia Comuns
Ao praticar a fala com este vídeo, é importante identificar algumas palavras e frases que podem ser desafiadoras em termos de pronúncia.
- “College” – Muitas pessoas tendem a pronunciar com ênfase errada. Tente ouvir atentamente como é pronunciada.
- “Dropbox” – O “o” no meio pode ser confuso. Pratique a pronúncia com atenção.
- “Hare Krishna” – Essa frase requer cuidado na ênfase e pode apresentar variações regionais.
O uso de técnicas como shadow speak pode ajudar a melhorar a pronúncia em inglês, permitindo que você imite a entonação e o ritmo do falante original.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.
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