Prática de Shadowing: How Quantum Batteries Break Every Rule of Charging - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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Bigger batteries take longer to charge, right?
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We charge our phones in under an hour and leave the EV plugged in overnight.
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But what if today's batteries are the exception, not the rule?
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Researchers in Australia just built and tested a battery that turns everything we thought we knew about them upside down.
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The larger they made it, the faster it charged.
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You've heard of quantum computers.
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This is a quantum battery.
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By operating at a quantum scale, this battery juices up super fast in a super absorption event.
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And it gets weirder.
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The scientists who made this quantum battery, which is the very first, didn't even charge it with electricity.
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They charged it with light from a laser.
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It's that kind of breakthrough that could revolutionize how batteries get built and what they can even do.
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So how do quantum batteries work?
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And are they just a laboratory curiosity?
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Or might we someday see them in our phones and cars?
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I'm Matt Farrell.
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Welcome to Undecided.
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This video is brought to you by Micro Center.
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I talk a lot about the future batteries.
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Like a lot, a lot.
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But what I can say, battery talk just charges me up.
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But usually when I talk about the future batteries, I'm talking about changes to battery chemistry.
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Like the potential shift to solid state batteries, which is a shift we're still waiting on.
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Quantum batteries go further than chemistry.
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We're talking about a revolution in battery physics.
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A battery that charges more quickly the larger it is, is kind of the weird I can't leave alone.
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I mean, what's next?
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A car that goes more forward the faster it goes backwards?
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It kind of breaks my brain.
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Dr. James Kwok from Australia's National Science Agency, Cicero, built this proof-of-concept quantum battery with the help from the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, or RMIT.
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It does a full battery cycle.
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It charges, stores energy, and it discharges.
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But that's where the normal battery behavior ends.
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Instead of juicing it up with electricity, researchers use what physicists call quantum effects to charge it in a flash using light from a laser.
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That sounds like the sci-fi dream of remote charging.
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Energy beamed in from a distance with no need for a cord or even a charging pad.
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Kwok told The Guardian, once the technology matures you would no longer need to stop your car at a petrol station to charge it up.
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You could charge it on the go.
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I don't know if that or some version of it will ever happen, but I do want to find out why a physicist thinks it could.
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To do that, we need to answer a simpler question.
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What exactly is a quantum battery?
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And how does it charge all at once?
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First off, we've got to clear up just what's meant by the quantum realm.
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The real one, not the one that the Marvel execs keep sending Paul Redd to.
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Down at the scale of the atomic and subatomic particles, things get very weird and the classic laws of physics aren't enough to explain what's happening.
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Those laws can tell you exactly how a ball will fall, but they can't predict what a single electron will do.
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For particles that small, we've got a whole other handbook called quantum mechanics.
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A quantum is the smallest whole unit that can interact like a single photon, which is a single quantum of light.
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In atoms, electrons gain or lose energy in whole units called quanta too.
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Hit an electron with a photon and the electron's energy climbs up a quantum or two, like taking steps up a ladder.
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The electron always lands with its foot on a specific rung, never in between.
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And there's something funny about the ways that quanta of light and matter behave.
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Instead of acting individually, they begin to behave collectively as a system.
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And these collective effects are why quantum batteries can charge faster when you add more storage units.
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That happens because the energy states in the storage units of quantum batteries are entangled.
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I think of entanglement like the synced up movements of dancers in a flash mob.
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If you know what one dancer is doing, you probably know the dance move of the next guy over.
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In a quantum battery, the energy levels of electrons can get synced up or entangled too.
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If one storage unit is jumping to a higher energy state, they probably all are in a super fast charging event.
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This is more than theory.
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Kwok demonstrated these collective effects in his first quantum half battery in 2022. Which half?
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The charging part.
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The fun with lasers.
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Before we talk about how we can charge a battery with just light, let's charge up today's sponsor, Micro Center.
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I practically lived at the Cambridge store.
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So I'm happy they're sponsoring this one.
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Their back to school deals event is on now and the deals are genuinely good.
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And don't worry, it stays open the whole time.
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For everything else tech, check out Micro Center News.
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All the links are in the description and thanks to Micro Center and to all of you for keeping this channel going.
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Ok, let's get back to charging batteries with light.
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Working with a team in Italy and the UK, Kwok used ultra-fast laser pulses to bump the battery's storage units
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from a low energy ground state to a higher energy excited state.
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The storage units were molecules of a dye called Lumogen F-Orange, which jumps from a low to high energy state as it absorbs photons.
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It sounds more delicious than it probably tastes.
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Although, actually, it looks like it tastes pretty good too.
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In theory, the more dye molecules you that you put into the battery, the faster it charges thanks to the collective effects.
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That's the exact theory Kwok's team set out to test.
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To build the battery, the team embedded dye molecules in a resin inside an optical cavity with special mirrors on the top
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and bottom that trap the photons inside.
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By testing different concentrations of the dye in the cavity, Kwok was able to show that charging sped up when more dye was packed in.
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Those orange or red lines?
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Well, they're super absorption, super fast charging, the exact payoff scientists hoped But the battery?
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It's tiny.
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How much energy did it even hold?
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We'll get to that.
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But even if it's small and very strange, this quantum battery does what a battery should.
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It charges, stores energy, and discharges electricity.
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To make it, they needed more than just an optical cavity.
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They needed a full battery sandwich with conductive layers that can convert stored energy into electrical current.
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I'm so hungry for lunch.
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I can swear that's lettuce, cheese, and ham in that sandwich.
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The middle bits are a dye called phthalo blue.
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Kwok's team switched to phthalo blue for this full quantum battery because its excited state is even longer lived.
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It lasts about 6 orders of magnitude longer than the pulse of light used to excite it.
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That's a million times longer, which sounds fantastic, until you find out just how long that charging pulse lasted.
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Here's the part the quantum scientists never predicted.
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Remember how the quantum battery charged faster as it got bigger?
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It discharged faster too, and the ability to push energy in
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or out super fast means these batteries could store a lot of energy and deliver a lot of power. Might.
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Someday. But today?
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A foam battery holds around 10 kJ of energy.
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This quantum battery prototype holds less than a nanojoule.
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It turns out there's an upper limit to how much dye they could pack into that optical cavity.
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Too much and the dye molecules stopped supercharging with their neighbors and started blocking each other in little quantum backyard disputes.
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But Kwok's team already has ideas for other dyes that might play better with others.
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Although the battery held its charge 6 orders of magnitude longer than it charged, we're talking about incredibly short timescales.
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The battery took femtoseconds to charge, that's quadrillionths of a second.
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And the energy was stored for just nanoseconds.
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That's not long enough for a proper telephone call.
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Unless, of course, you're talking about a telemarketer on the line.
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So we've got on the one hand the world's first full-cycle quantum battery.
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On the other, it holds hardly any energy for any length of time.
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I'm feeling Schroeder's experiment.
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I'm simultaneously in total awe and total...meh.
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But for a wild new battery design that was only proposed in 2012, the progress is impressive.
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One decade to prove the charge mechanism works and then just a few more years to build a whole actual battery.
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So how close are we to putting quantum batteries in an actual device?
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Kwok doesn't think quantum batteries are set to replace traditional batteries in everyday electronics anytime soon.
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He says the next steps are scaling up the battery size and lengthening the amount of time it holds on a charge.
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Obviously.
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One way researchers are looking to increase storage time is to stack materials, one that super absorbs light and another that can hang on to that energy for much longer.
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Quack's teammate James Hutchinson at the University of Melbourne told Live Science
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that he expects quantum batteries to one day have a higher energy density and greater durability than today's batteries, on top of super-fast charging.
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Whether they'll ever hold their charge long enough to be the battery in an EV is an open question.
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Again, obviously.
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Laser remote charging is surprisingly plowing ahead.
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Just last year we saw the US military's Advanced Research Agency
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use an infrared laser to beam energy to a spot more than 5 miles away.
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They transmitted 800 watts of electricity in under a minute to
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a receiver made of a solar panel at a distance of 8.6 kilometers.
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So as skeptical as I am that we'll be charging our drones or EVs on the go with lasers, we're kind of already on the way.
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Sometimes science advances slowly and sometimes it beams down out of thin air.
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But long before quantum batteries show up in cell phones or EVs again, if they ever do, we might see them in quantum computers and quantum sensors first.
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That's because quantum batteries could be built right into quantum computers and even entangled with the qubits that do the calculations.
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Yeah, like that.
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So is this the future of batteries?
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Maybe it is, maybe it isn't.
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At the same time.
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But what do you think?
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You can also check out our extended cuts of many of my videos over on Patreon.
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If human-written and research videos matter to you, Patreon support helps a ton.
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The link's in the description if you'd like to join, but just watching, subscribing, and turning on notifications is awesome.
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And check out my follow-up podcast, Still to be Determined, where we'll keep this conversation going.
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Keep your mind open, stay curious, and I'll see you in the next one.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Este vídeo tem 156 frases e 2012 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 10:27. O falante fala rápido, cerca de 193 palavras por minuto, então espere sons ligados e reduzidos. Apenas 78% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras menos comuns do vídeo, com pronúncia e significado:
- quantum /ˈkwɑntəm/ (substantivo) — quantidade. The total amount of something; quantity.
- laser /ˈleɪzɚ/ (substantivo) — laser, lêiser. A device that produces a monochromatic, coherent beam of light.
- flash /flæʃ/ (verbo) — lampejar. To cause to shine briefly or intermittently.
- electricity /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/ (substantivo) — eletricidade. Originally, a property of amber and certain other nonconducting substances to attract lightweight material when rubbed, or the cause of this property; now…
- molecule /ˈmɑ.lɪ.kjul/ (substantivo) — molécula. The smallest particle of a specific element or compound that retains the chemical properties of that element or compound; two or more atoms held together by…
- cavity /ˈkæv.ɪt.i/ (substantivo) — cavidade. A hollow area within the body.
- scientist /ˈsaɪəntəst/ (substantivo) — cientista. One whose activities make use of the scientific method to answer questions regarding the measurable universe. A scientist may be involved in original research…
- beam /ˈbiːm/ (substantivo) — trave, viga. Any large piece of timber or iron long in proportion to its thickness, and prepared for use.
- pulse /pʌls/ (substantivo) — pulso. A normally regular beat felt when arteries near the skin (for example, at the neck or wrist) are depressed, caused by the heart pumping blood through them; the…
- discharge /dɪsˈtʃɑɹdʒ/ (verbo) — cumprir. To accomplish or complete, as an obligation.
- researcher /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ (substantivo) — pesquisador, pesquisadora. One who researches.
- electron /ɪˈlɛk.tɹɑn/ (substantivo) — elétron, eletrão. The subatomic particle having a negative charge and orbiting the nucleus; the flow of electrons in a conductor constitutes electricity.
- remote /ɹəˈməʊt̞/ (adjetivo) — remoto, longínquo. At a distance; disconnected.
- physics /ˈfɪz.ɪks/ (substantivo) — física. The branch of science concerned with the study of the properties and interactions of space, time, matter and energy.
- juice /d͡ʒuːs/ (substantivo) — sumo, suco. A liquid made from plant, especially fruit.
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
- check out (verbo) — verificar, sacar só. To record the departure or withdrawal of someone or something (such as guests, employees, books, etc.).
- find out (verbo) — descobrir. To discover, as by asking or investigating.
- get on (verbo) — entrar em, subir em. To board or mount (something), especially a vehicle.
- turn on (verbo) — abrir, ligar. To set a flow of fluid or gas running by rotating a tap or valve.
- turn out (verbo) — terminar. To end up; to result.
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 35 contrações e formas reduzidas, como I'm, we're, can't. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “th”: thin /ˈθɪn/, breakthrough /ˈbɹeɪk.θɹuː/, lengthen /ˈlɛŋθən/, quadrillionth /kwɒdˈrɪl.i.ənθ/
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: flash /flæʃ/, absorption /æbˈsɔɹp.ʃn̩/, exception /əkˈsɛpʃən/, delicious /dɪˈlɪ.ʃəs/, concentration /ˌkɑn.sənˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: electricity /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/, electrical /ɪˈlɛktɹɪkəl/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, laboratory /ˈlæb(ə)ɹəˌtɔɹi/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como quantum, laser, flash.
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | is brought · are entangled · was packed |
| Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisa | battery, which is · batteries, which is · photon, which is |
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.