Prática de Shadowing: Pufferfish | Masters of Self-Defense - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
Escolha um modo de prática
Cada modo abre uma sala de prática em tela cheia.
90 frases
Se as frases estiverem muito curtas ou longas, clique em Edit para ajustá-las.
1
Hi everybody, my name is Sarah.
2
Welcome back to Future Zoologist Academy.
3
Today we'll be learning about a fish
4
that is very well known for its useful and adorable ability to inflate like a balloon.
5
Today we're learning all about pufferfish.
6
Let's get into it.
7
Pufferfish are a family of fish with about 200 different species.
8
They have many different nicknames, including puffers, balloon fish, blowfish, and others.
9
They're sometimes confused with a porcupine fish, which though is similar, they are not the same.
10
Pufferfish are most commonly found in warm, tropical oceans.
11
They're commonly found in shallow water in protected habitats like coral reefs.
12
There are a few species that live in cooler temperate water, but no pufferfish live in cold water.
13
Surprisingly, there are several pufferfish species that live in freshwater.
14
Pufferfish are, of course, named for their ability to puff up like a balloon, which is one of the ways that they defend themselves from predators.
15
However, they have many other ways to defend themselves as well.
16
The best way for a pufferfish to protect themselves is to stay hidden,
17
and they do this by hiding in cracks and crevices in the reef and by using countershading.
18
Countershading is a type of camouflage where an animal has a dark colored back and a light colored belly.
19
This helps them stay camouflaged from animals that are both above them and below them.
20
Pufferfish are typically slow swimmers, but if spotted by a predator, they can use quick bursts of speed to escape into hiding places.
21
They also have a pretty good sense of sight, and they can move their eyes independently and look in different directions at the same time.
22
This makes it hard for predators to ambush or sneak attack them.
23
If they can't escape, then they inflate like a balloon.
24
And they inflate by filling their expandable stomach with water or air if they're up at the surface.
25
When they become larger, they become more intimidating to predators
26
and it's harder for a predator to get their mouth around the pufferfish's body.
27
Their skin is also covered in spines which stick out when they're inflated.
28
Sometimes predators may manage to catch a pufferfish before it inflates
29
and can choke if the pufferfish inflates while in the predator's throat.
30
If they manage to swallow the pufferfish, they may still find themselves in quite a bit of trouble because most pufferfish are poisonous.
31
Most pufferfish have a dangerous neurotoxin in their organs which is powerful enough to kill small predators.
32
Neurotoxins are especially dangerous because they affect an animal's nervous system,
33
which includes their brain and how their brain communicates to the rest of their body.
34
With all of these defenses, it may seem like pufferfish should be invincible, but they do actually have some predators.
35
Their main predators are sharks, some species of sea snakes, and large fish.
36
Larger pufferfish have fewer predators than smaller species.
37
The largest pufferfish is the starry puffer, which can measure between three and four feet in length or about one meter.
38
The smallest species usually measure just a couple inches in length, sometimes even smaller.
39
Not only do pufferfish vary in size, they also vary quite a bit in their colors and patterns.
40
Some pufferfish species have the ability to slightly change their color
41
or the intensity of their color depending on conditions in their environment.
42
And as we mentioned before, many pufferfish have counter shading where they have a darker color on their back and a lighter belly.
43
Counter shading is primarily used for avoiding predators, though some pufferfish species also use it to help them sneak up on their prey.
44
Most pufferfish species feed on algae and small invertebrates.
45
Some of their main prey items include mollusks like clams, mussels, and snails.
46
They also feed on crustaceans like crabs and shrimp, and they even feed on worms.
47
The scientific name of the pufferfish family is tetraodontidae, which translates to four tooth.
48
And they got this name because their teeth are fused together in a way
49
that makes it appear like they have four large teeth.
50
And their large teeth give them a beak-like structure
51
that is strong enough to crack open the hard shells of mollusks and crustaceans.
52
Pufferfish typically feed alone.
53
The main reason pufferfish come together is for breeding.
54
The breeding behaviors of pufferfish vary quite a lot between species.
55
Most ocean pufferfish reproduce by spawning, where females release their eggs,
56
males release their sperm into the water at the same time where they become fertilized and they float around as plankton.
57
Some species attach their eggs to hard structures like rocks instead.
58
Either way, the eggs develop in the water and And eventually, a pufferfish emerges that resembles a tiny little version of the adult.
59
There is a unique species of pufferfish,
60
the white-spotted pufferfish, that actually attracts mates by creating elaborate designs in the sand.
61
If females are impressed by the design, she'll mate with that male and lay her eggs in the sand in the design.
62
This behavior has stumped scientists for years and years.
63
If you'd like to learn more about it and watch a video, please be sure to visit our lesson.
64
Regardless of their breeding behaviors, newborn pufferfish are incredibly small and vulnerable to predators.
65
Some species actually have a coating of poison on their body when they're young rather than in their organs,
66
which actually causes predators to spit them out if they try to eat them.
67
A pufferfish's poisons can actually be deadly to humans as well for those that are brave enough to eat them.
68
Pufferfish is considered to be a delicacy in some parts of the world, and if it's not cooked and prepared properly,
69
it could be bad news for any human that tries to eat it.
70
Overfishing pufferfish and collecting them for the aquarium trade can be harmful to pufferfish populations.
71
However, their greatest threat is actually habitat loss.
72
In many parts of the world, the coral reefs that they rely on for protection and finding food are being damaged.
73
And one way that we can help protect pufferfish is by protecting coral reefs, especially the parts of the reefs that are important to them.
74
Some organizations, like a scuba diving shop in Costa Rica,
75
is actually working to train scuba divers in the area to identify pufferfish species
76
and document their sightings so we can learn more about the parts of the reef that the pufferfish rely on.
77
Now in other parts of the world pufferfish can actually be a problem.
78
In some regions pufferfish are invasive.
79
They've been introduced to areas where they are not supposed to be and they out-compete native species for food.
80
Local governments in these regions have worked with fishing organizations to
81
try to encourage people to take as many pufferfish out of the ocean as they can
82
and unfortunately they haven't really seen much success because pufferfish breed so quickly that their populations just seem to keep growing.
83
So pufferfish are unusual for us to talk about for conservation
84
because depending on where you are in the world pufferfish may need our protection or they may need to be removed.
85
If you would like to learn more about puffer fish conservation and if you would like to do quizzes,
86
activities, projects and learn even more please be sure to visit that link below to check out our puffer fish lesson.
87
Thank you so very much for joining me today to learn all about the adorable puffer fish.
88
I can't wait to see you at our next lesson.
89
Thank you very much.
90
Bye!
Baixar aplicativo
Tudo o que você precisa para falar fluentemente
Pronúncia com IANota em cada frase
Prática de IPADomine cada som
VocabulárioMonte seu banco de palavras
Jogo de vocabulárioAprenda brincando
FOR YOU
Vídeo recomendado
B113
48 frases
The Platypus Mystery: Animal Superpowers You Won't Believe! 🐾✨#animals #nature #educational
KidsDaily Conversation
A23
59 frases
Deadliest Fish | What Happens if You Eat a Pufferfish? | World’s Most Poisonous Fish | Dr. Binocs
KidsTeensDaily Conversation
A1165
13 frases
At the Aquarium: One, Two, Many
American AccentKidsDaily Conversation
B11
35 frases
Seahorse Facts | Educational Video for kids
KidsDaily Conversation
B13
55 frases
Camouflage | Science for Kids
KidsDaily Conversation
B148 frases
Penguins Go MONTHS Without Feeding! | Wild Bites | BBC Earth Kids
KidsDaily Conversation
B13
49 frases
Pokémon Detective Pikachu (2019) - Pikachu vs. Charizard Scene (3/10) | Movieclips
KidsTeensDaily Conversation
A2128
20 frases
One story a day level 2 book 1 story 5: Do fish breathe water
KidsDaily Conversation
A21
79 frases
Paddington | PADDINGTON MEETS CURIOUS CREATURES
KidsDaily Conversation
B21
182 frases
Five Ultralight Techniques You Need To Fish This Year!
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
A21
84 frases
Let's Read: Amazing Sharks
KidsDaily Conversation
A21
167 frases
10 Easy Animal Drawings for Kids Vol. 1 | Step by Step Drawing Tutorials | How to Draw Cute Animals
KidsDaily Conversation
Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
As palavras que mais se repetem: pufferfish, species, predator, fish, reef. Este vídeo tem 90 frases e 1276 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 8:54. O falante mantém um ritmo estável de cerca de 143 palavras por minuto, confortável para o shadowing. Apenas 77% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
As 15 palavras mais avançadas do vídeo, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| pufferfish substantivo | /ˈpʌfɚˌfɪʃ/ | fugu |
| predator substantivo | /ˈpɹɛd.ə.tɚ/ | predador |
| inflate verbo | /ɪnˈfleɪt/ | encher |
| reef substantivo | /ɹiːf/ | recife, arrecife |
| puffer substantivo | /ˈpʌfɚ/ | soprador, pitador |
| balloon substantivo | /bəˈlun/ | balão, bexiga |
| breed verbo | /ˈbɹiːd/ | procriar |
| coral substantivo | /ˈkɔɹəl/ | coral |
| camouflage substantivo | /ˈkæ.məˌflɑːʒ/ | camuflagem |
| countershading substantivo | contrassombreamento | |
| crustacean substantivo | /kɹʌsˈteɪʃən/ | crustáceo |
| neurotoxin substantivo | /ˈn(j)ʊɹoʊtɑksɪn/ | neurotoxina |
| prey substantivo | /pɹeɪ/ | presa |
| sneak verbo | /sniːk/ | esgueirar |
| adorable adjetivo | /əˈdoɹ.əˌbəl/ | adorável |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Significado |
|---|---|
| check out verbo | verificar, sacar só |
| stick out verbo | sobressair |
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | is also covered · are fused · are impressed |
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | has stumped · They've been introduced · have worked |
| Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisa | balloon, which is · organs which is · puffer, which can |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 13 contrações e formas reduzidas, como they're, can't, haven't. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: pufferfish /ˈpʌfɚˌfɪʃ/, camouflage /ˈkæ.məˌflɑːʒ/, crustacean /kɹʌsˈteɪʃən/, shade /ʃeɪd/, blowfish /ˈbloʊˌfɪʃ/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: neurotoxin /ˈn(j)ʊɹoʊtɑksɪn/, adorable /əˈdoɹ.əˌbəl/, delicacy /ˈdɛlɪkəsi/, intimidate /ɪnˈtɪmɪdeɪt/, invertebrate /ɪnˈvəːtɪbrət/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: inflate /ɪnˈfleɪt/, breed /ˈbɹiːd/, habitat /ˈhæb.ɪ.tæt/, sneak /sniːk/, shade /ʃeɪd/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: coral /ˈkɔɹəl/, adorable /əˈdoɹ.əˌbəl/, invincible /ɪnˈvɪn.sə.bəl/, mussel /ˈmʌsəl/, snail /sneɪl/
- /h/ — um sopro suave, diferente do “r”: habitat /ˈhæb.ɪ.tæt/, harmful /ˈhɑɹmfl̩/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Faça shadowing frase por frase na velocidade normal, repetindo cada uma até o seu ritmo ficar igual ao do falante.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como pufferfish, predator, inflate.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.