Prática de Shadowing: Radioactive Waste - The Journey to Disposal - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
Escolha um modo de prática
Cada modo abre uma sala de prática em tela cheia.
81 frases
Se as frases estiverem muito curtas ou longas, clique em Edit para ajustá-las.
1
In Austria, technicians check the welding on pipes for a hydropower plant.
2
Over in Indonesia, spices are being cleared of biological contaminants.
3
In Budapest, pharmaceuticals are being created.
4
And operators run a Chinese power plant that provides electricity to thousands of homes.
5
These are common activities, taking place every day in many parts of the world.
6
They rely on nuclear technologies that use radioactive materials.
7
The benefits of these technologies, whether used in agriculture, industry or medicine, are plentiful.
8
like other processes they generate waste this waste contains radioactive elements people
9
and the environment must be protected from the potential hazards of such waste now
10
and in the future so countries need to manage their radioactive waste safely and securely
11
and make sure it's kept under control this This responsibility starts as soon as a country decides to use nuclear technologies.
12
And techniques are available to manage radioactive waste.
13
Radioactive elements are unstable and emit radiation as they decay.
14
The decay rate is measured in half -lives.
15
This means the time it takes for the activity of a radionuclide to halve.
16
After another half -life period, the activity is again down by half.
17
This continues, and eventually the material emits only negligible amounts of ionizing radiation.
18
Each radionuclide has its own half -life.
19
So, waste can be hazardous for periods of time stretching from a few hours
20
or days up to hundreds of thousands of years.
21
Radioactive waste is classified depending on the half -lives and the level of radioactivity of the nuclides it contains.
22
According to the IAEA's safety standards, there are six classes of radioactive waste.
23
Each waste class has different management and disposal needs.
24
Techniques exist to manage this radioactive waste
25
and the spent nuclear fuel from power plants and research reactors in a safe and secure way.
26
Waste containing only radionuclides with very short half -lives can be stored for a few days
27
or years to allow for the decay of the nuclides waste.
28
This type of waste is usually generated when radioactive materials are used for research or medical purposes.
29
Eventually, it can be disposed of as conventional waste.
30
Other waste forms need to be managed for radioactive waste disposal.
31
By volume, most radioactive waste has low levels of radioactivity.
32
This includes the majority of the waste
33
that comes from the routine operation of a nuclear power plant
34
and waste that's produced when medical and industrial devices that use radioactive sources are no longer needed.
35
This could be because the source has decayed
36
and the remaining radioactivity isn't strong enough for its original purpose or the device is damaged or obsolete.
37
In these cases the radioactive source needs to be removed from the equipment and prepared for storage and eventual disposal.
38
Some countries process their waste at centralized waste management and storage facilities.
39
Upon arrival the waste is controlled to check for any surface contamination and the radiation levels are measured.
40
Details of the waste type are noted for the inventory before
41
the waste can be processed further to prepare it for storage and disposal.
42
Such processes can involve measures to reduce the volume of the waste such as compaction and incineration.
43
Encapsulation is used to immobilize the contaminants.
44
After being placed in appropriate containers the waste is stored.
45
It will remain in this kind of facility until a suitable place or system for its disposal is established.
46
Many countries already have near -surface disposal sites for waste with low levels of radioactivity.
47
These facilities can consist of silos in the ground, trenches or vaults.
48
Once they're full, they will be backfilled with grout or soil, sealed and closed according to their disposal license.
49
Alongside the radioactive waste produced by the routine activities at a nuclear power plant,
50
nuclear power generation produces spent fuel or high -level waste.
51
Such waste is low in volume but has a high level of radioactivity and it remains hazardous for thousands of years.
52
In some countries, the spent nuclear fuel
53
that can no longer be used to generate electricity is reprocessed to extract usable material for new fuel.
54
Other countries consider the spent fuel as waste for direct disposal.
55
In all countries generating nuclear power,
56
the spent fuel is currently stored either in water pools or dry casks at secure storage facilities.
57
waste management experts around the world agree that underground geological disposal is the best
58
and preferred option as a solution for high -level waste
59
and spent nuclear fuel this would be in a location where geological conditions are stable
60
and the waste can be contained and isolated from humans
61
and the environment until it no longer presents a hazard
62
while there's still no geological disposal facility of this type in
63
operation some countries have already selected a location designed the facility
64
and conducted safety assessments a few for example Sweden Finland and France are well advanced in their development.
65
Radioactive waste with low and intermediate levels of activity is already being disposed of in geological facilities in several countries.
66
Since its inception, the IAEA has assisted its member states to safely manage their radioactive waste.
67
The IAEA produces internationally respected safety standards and offers technical guidance.
68
At its headquarters in Vienna, Austria, the IAEA hosts meetings and workshops,
69
bringing together experts from around the world to exchange experiences.
70
International teams, led by the IAEA, review security measures at waste storage facilities.
71
The IAEA also helps countries to securely store high -activity sources in advance of disposal.
72
Its experts run training courses in radioactive waste management
73
and conduct missions worldwide to assist with the conditioning of disused sealed radioactive sources.
74
Its safeguards inspectors make sure that all nuclear material,
75
including spent nuclear fuel, is accounted for and used solely for peaceful purposes.
76
As populations grow and nations develop, we'll be making more use of nuclear technologies.
77
This will result in more radioactive waste.
78
and more waste means more needs to be done to meet
79
the challenges with the technologies now available the new developments in the pipeline
80
and the continuous support of the IAEA countries are well equipped to manage radioactive waste safely and securely.
81
Transcription by CastingWords
Baixar aplicativo
Tudo o que você precisa para falar fluentemente
Pronúncia com IANota em cada frase
Prática de IPADomine cada som
VocabulárioMonte seu banco de palavras
Jogo de vocabulárioAprenda brincando
Mesmo canal
FOR YOU
Vídeo recomendado
C13
150 frases
The only good nuclear accident
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C164 frases
Iran’s $60B Oil Machine: How Millions of Barrels Reach the USA
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
56 frases
MinuteCement - LC3
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B23
7 frases
Why is Nuclear Fusion so Hard? - Nuclear Engineer Explains #nuclear
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B24
31 frases
What happens to old electronic devices when you upgrade?
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C1131 frases
How Do Substations Work?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B28
37 frases
3 Reasons Why Nuclear Energy Is Terrible! 2/3
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B23
83 frases
Bài 9 - Du Lịch đen
Travel EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B2138
16 frases
Can Earth Run Out of Water?
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C18
50 frases
Nanotechnology and Its Applications
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C12
65 frases
Chernobyl (2019) It's not 3 roentgen its 15000
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Este vídeo tem 81 frases e 1020 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 9:35. O falante fala devagar, cerca de 106 palavras por minuto, o que dá tempo para imitar cada som. Apenas 80% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| radioactive adjetivo | /ˌɹeɪdioʊˈæktɪv/ | radioactivo, radioativo |
| disposal substantivo | /dɪsˈpoʊ.zəl/ | disposição |
| generate verbo | /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ə.ɹeɪt/ | gerar |
| decay substantivo | /diˈkeɪ/ | deterioração, apodrecimento |
| radiation substantivo | /ˌɹeɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/ | irradiação, radiação |
| safely advérbio | /ˈseɪfli/ | seguramente |
| technique substantivo | /tɛkˈniːk/ | técnica |
| element substantivo | /ˈɛləmənt/ | fundamento |
| electricity substantivo | /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/ | eletricidade |
| assist verbo | /əˈsɪst/ | assistir, prestar assistência |
| routine substantivo | /ɹuˈtin/ | rotina |
| seal substantivo | /siːl/ | selo |
| hazard substantivo | /ˈhæzəd/ | risco, perigo |
| dispose verbo | /dɪsˈpoʊz/ | descartar, eliminar |
| stable substantivo | /ˈsteɪ.bəl/ | estábulo, cavalariça |
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | being cleared · being created · must be protected |
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | has decayed · have already selected · has assisted |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 3 contrações e formas reduzidas, como isn't, they're, we'll. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: radiation /ˌɹeɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/, establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/, conventional /kənˈvɛnʃənl̩/, workshop /ˈwɝk.ʃɑp/, contamination /kənˌtæm.əˈneɪ.ʃən/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: radioactive /ˌɹeɪdioʊˈæktɪv/, geological /ˌd͡ʒi.əˈlɑdʒ.ɪk.əl/, radiation /ˌɹeɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/, electricity /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/, agriculture /ˈæɡ.ɹɪˌkʌl.t͡ʃɚ/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Faça shadowing frase por frase na velocidade normal, repetindo cada uma até o seu ritmo ficar igual ao do falante.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como radioactive, disposal, generate.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.