Prática de Shadowing: 3 Reasons Why Nuclear Energy Is Terrible! 2/3 - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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Three reasons why we should stop using nuclear energy.
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1. Nuclear Weapons Proliferation Nuclear technology made a violent entrance onto the world stage.
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Just one year after the world's first ever nuclear test explosion in 1944, two large cities were destroyed by just two single bombs.
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After that, reactor technology slowly evolved as a means of generating electricity, but it's always been intimately connected with nuclear weapons technology.
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It's nearly impossible to develop nuclear weapons without access to reactor technology.
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In fact, the Nuclear Non -Proliferation Treaty serves the purpose of spreading nuclear reactor technology without spreading nuclear weapons with limited success.
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In 40 years, five countries have developed their own weapons with the help of reactor technology.
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The fact of the matter is
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that it can be very hard to distinguish a covert nuclear weapons program from the peaceful use of nuclear energy.
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In the 1970s, the big nuclear powers were happily selling peaceful technology to smaller countries, which then developed weapons of their own.
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The road to deadly nuclear weapons is always paved with peaceful reactors.
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2. Nuclear waste and pollution Spent nuclear fuel is not only radioactive,
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but also contains extremely poisonous chemical elements like plutonium.
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It loses its harmfulness only slowly over several tens of thousands of years.
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And there is also a process called reprocessing, which means the extraction of plutonium from spent nuclear fuel.
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It can be used for two purposes, to build nuclear weapons or to use it as new fuel.
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But hardly any of it is used as fuel because we don't have the right kind of reactors for that.
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A milligram will kill you, a few kilograms make an atomic bomb, and even an inconspicuous country like Germany literally has tons of the stuff just lying around
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because reprocessing sounded like a good idea decades ago.
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And where will all the waste go?
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After dumping it into the ocean was forbidden, we've tried to bury it, but we can't find a place where it will definitely stay secure for tens of thousands of years.
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Over 30 countries operate nearly 400 reactors managing several hundred thousands of tons of nuclear waste
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and only one is currently serious about opening a permanent civilian waste storage, tiny Finland.
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3. Accidents and Disasters Over 60 years of nuclear power usage,
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there have been seven major accidents in reactors or facilities dealing with nuclear waste.
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Three of those were mostly contained, but four of them released significant amounts of radioactivity into the environment.
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In 1957, 1987 and 2011, large areas of land in Russia,
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Ukraine and Japan were rendered unfit for human habitation for decades to come.
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The number of deaths is highly disputed but probably lies in the thousands.
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These disasters happened with nuclear reactors of very different types in very different countries and several decades apart.
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Looking at the numbers, we may as well ask ourselves, are 10 % of the world's energy supply worth a devastating disaster every 30 years?
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Would 30 % be worth another Fukushima or Chernobyl somewhere on Earth every 10 years?
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What area would have to be contaminated so we say no more?
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Where is the line?
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So, should we use nuclear energy?
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The risks may outweigh the benefits and maybe we should stop looking into this direction and drop this technology for good.
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If you want to hear the other side of the argument or a short introduction to nuclear energy, click here.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Este vídeo tem 37 frases e 558 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 3:35. O falante fala em ritmo natural, cerca de 155 palavras por minuto, próximo de uma conversa do dia a dia. 84% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês; vale a pena estudar o restante antes de começar.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| reactor substantivo | /ɹiˈæktɚ/ | reator |
| disaster substantivo | /dɪˈzɑːs.təː/ | desastre |
| ton substantivo | /tʌn/ | tonelada |
| element substantivo | /ˈɛləmənt/ | fundamento |
| violent adjetivo | /ˈvaɪ.ə.lənt/ | violento |
| electricity substantivo | /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/ | eletricidade |
| entrance substantivo | /ˈɛn.tɹəns/ | entrada |
| connect verbo | /kəˈnɛkt/ | conectar |
| dispute substantivo | /dɪˈspjuːt/ | disputa |
| civilian substantivo | /sɪˈvɪl.jən/ | civil |
| usage substantivo | /ˈjuːsɪd͡ʒ/ | uso |
| explosion substantivo | /ɛkˈsploʊ.ʒən/ | explosão |
| generate verbo | /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ə.ɹeɪt/ | gerar |
| pollution substantivo | /pəˈluʃən/ | poluição |
| deadly adjetivo | /ˈdɛdli/ | mortal, fatal |
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | were destroyed · been intimately connected · is always paved |
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | it's always been · have developed · we've tried |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 3 contrações e formas reduzidas, como can't, don't, we've. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: explosion /ɛkˈsploʊ.ʒən/, pollution /pəˈluʃən/, distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/, extraction /ɪkˈstɹækʃən/, habitation /ˌhæb.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: electricity /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/, radioactive /ˌɹeɪdioʊˈæktɪv/, contaminate /kənˈtæmɪneɪt/, habitation /ˌhæb.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/, inconspicuous /ˌɪn.kənˈspɪk.ju.əs/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como reactor, disaster, ton.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.