Практика Shadowing: Как набрать больше 100 баллов TOEFL без особых усилий - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
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I heard that you decided to give TOEFL.
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You're going to get it?
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I'm sorry, I'm sorry.
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You understand that this is a joke.
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But in every joke there is a lot of truth.
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You know, for me, I never was a good teacher in general,
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if it means that it's in terms of standardization tests or exams.
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I always loved them and I still don't love them.
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But of course, in this life, it is impossible to avoid.
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And TOEFL is the thing that I needed to do for life to fulfill my dream and continue to pursue my dream.
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And of course, this was bad news.
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Because I was the last thing I wanted to do.
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But of course, I was also able to do something else.
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But this may be later.
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But today, we will talk about TOEFL.
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I will tell you a little about my story about TOEFL and share my advice on this topic.
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So if you plan or just think about this exam, you know that you will do it, then don't switch to that.
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TOEFL is an exam that tests your skills of your English language in an academic environment.
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Because this exam is used to be a lot of поступления in American university.
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And TOEFL has four different parts.
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They appear in the same way, in which I call them.
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First part is reading, second part is listening, third part is speaking, and fourth part is writing.
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And finally, the most cool thing is.
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I think if you click on this video, you know about this test.
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This test is in total 120 points for each section.
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The maximum is 30 points.
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And here is how it works in a short version.
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And what I said at the beginning of this video, why this test is actually used to test your skills in academic conditions.
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Remember and remember it always.
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Because this is the core motivation.
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It's like the core motivation.
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It's like everything you need to do in this test.
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And everything you need to do to make it successful.
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I had Toeol three times in my life.
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The first time I was able to do it, when I was needed, and the rest of the two just so much,
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because I wanted to. Who else is this?
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At that time it was a strange time in my life, because at that time I made a lot of progress in English,
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almost from a short time.
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And so, the beauty of this progress is not to be addressed, but it was right in the head.
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Which means that I felt like I was just at the top of the world in the English language.
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And I felt very well.
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And because of this, I was very stupid.
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Yeah, you can also say it on the young man.
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I was a child.
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But it helped me to make a sense of an interesting idea.
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ToeFL is a very important exam for me.
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It determines whether I can actually work in the USA.
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It determines everything in principle.
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And it's very important.
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And for this, I was in my big, young, very sad head to make it decision to make it without the подготовки.
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And, yes, this is one of the most most stupid decisions in my life in retrospect.
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As you can see, you see, that happy ending came, and everything is fine.
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I did it on a lot of number of balls, which I needed to do, to get out of it.
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And I did it, in principle, pretty well.
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In fact, if you think so, I did it on 93, I think.
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I have a good number in mind.
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And it's a good result.
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I think it was a good result.
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I think it was 80% in the time, to get to the same level of the university.
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I was able to get to the first time.
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So, when I was able to get to the first time, I didn't know anything about this test, except the facts that I told you in the beginning of this video.
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4 parts, and the maximum value for each part is 30.
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It's all that I knew.
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I didn't know how it looked, I didn't know what the questions were, and in what style it was.
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And so now we will be learning about my mistakes of the past, not only the past, but also the past, because it's not the case.
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The second time in life, when I was able to use TOEFL, I also used to use it without preparation.
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It's been a long time since the first time I was able to use it.
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And as a teacher of English, like TOEFL, GMAT and IELTS, you can avoid it.
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But I still didn't know enough, and I decided to make a test, to see how I made progress for this time,
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and to see the difference.
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Then without the preparation, and now without the preparation.
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And then I got TOEFL for 111.
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And the problem was that because I didn't know the structure of the test first and forgot about it in the second, or even not thought about it.
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1. Take notes.
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I, of course, started not by the way, but you have a chance to make some notes,
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starting from the second section of this test, from the listening section.
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If you give this opportunity, do it.
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It doesn't matter, how you have a great memory.
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In the moment of the test, it will be better, so take notes.
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And from here, the second advice is to learn how effectively make notes,
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because you don't have much time to listen and read and read and read and read and then in the future.
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And it's not pleasant, because if you focus too much on what you write, you're listening to everything.
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So I highly recommend you train your skills to make notes and recordings.
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I know that many of you have a great experience to be a student, I understand, but it's a little different.
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It's not like you're sitting on a pair and writing a concept.
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You need to be super-bystered, with code words, symbols, which you will understand,
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so that your answers to your questions were super effortless, without effortless.
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And this is what you need to learn and train.
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So I recommend you to create or create a system of symbols and short words For example, when I make a note,
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I don't write a word and, I write a symbol Or I don't write a word at, I write a word for a dog
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I don't write a word more than or less than plus short version of words if you have a word like sleep,
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I won't write these two vowels I will write SLP and I will understand it people I won't write it completely,
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I will write PPL
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student I will write S because I know what I'm listening
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professor I will write P and everything
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You need to develop a system that you will understand You can have a system that you can use, but before you do this,
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I recommend you to think about it
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and think about how you can do it for yourself
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and then you can take it for yourself and then you can take it for other people.
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But it should start with you, because it's important to you to understand, and then you say, what is it?
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This is very important, which I didn't do.
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First, because I forgot.
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So in the second time, when I was talking about TOEFL, I had to do a note.
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But I didn't do anything on listening, because I forgot that there was a option.
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Although, in front of me, this is a black screen, marker, all the things where you can take notes.
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But I forgot.
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Let's start with the reading.
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Reading in Toyfle is one of the worst parts, and it's not bad.
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But it's bad at all, because...
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I'll explain why.
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First of all, the texts are very, very, very difficult.
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Sometimes, if you have a chance to find something more or less interesting, but in general, it will be very difficult.
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And in general, in general, it will be a topic, which you don't know, or you don't care about it or you don't care about it.
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And in this is a different challenge.
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To understand the text, which you don't want to understand.
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You want to understand, because it's a test, but you don't have a real, honest, honest, honest, and honest, honest, and honest, you don't want to understand.
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This is number one.
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This is the problem you can overcome with, that you will constantly read something like that.
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That is something more academic, something more smart.
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I recommend reading The Harry Potter books, I highly recommend reading The Dune books, I really like reading The Dune books,
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but the problem is that it will help you in Toyfall.
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So I recommend reading the more wise resources, like National Geographic, American Psychologist,
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you can read the news.
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The news is that it is not a bad thing, but you can also get a skill at the same time.
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In general, you need to just get used to read something like that, because the words are the same.
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And the shock factor is that you need to completely remove and remove the shock factor.
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because everything is done, time is done, so you need to see the text and answer the questions.
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I, for example, a big fan of reading text before you see the questions.
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In the reading of Toyful, you first show only text, then you press the next button and show the questions.
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The one is the one and the other one is the one.
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The text is left, so you don't spend time, you don't spend energy, it's only the first part of the test.
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You can immediately open your questions and orientate your questions in the way you see.
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You can find information in the text in the way you see.
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What causes you to do on another very important skill.
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And it's skimming and scanning.
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It's two reading skills.
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Skimming is when you're super-byster walking by the text, to understand at least what you're talking about.
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Okay, I understand.
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First sentence is about this, second sentence is about this, third sentence is about this, fourth sentence is about this.
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It's about a skimming.
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And second, it's scanning.
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You have a lot of text.
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You need to find information about what year the Declaration of Independence was signed.
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The Declaration of Independence.
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You find these words in your eyes.
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You found it?
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And bam, what number you saw right now, you've checked, you've checked, you've checked, and it's a scan.
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And this is two important skills that you need to develop in English, because it will help you not only in thoughtful, but also in real life, of course.
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And for the time to develop these skills, I recommend you to read.
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I understand that reading is not cool, not all of them, I understand.
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I also don't love reading, but I read.
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You can read more than anything.
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And try to get out of the way, what you think about.
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In terms of the terms, it's important to know.
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It's important to know the meaning of what is happening.
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And, of course, to find out some specific information.
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If you have something that you have caught up, you can read it, ok.
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It helps you.
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For three times, I never read the text.
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I just found answers.
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And, of course, I have to check out the questions.
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I will check the only answer, which is the only answer, but also the only answer, after the answer, and after the answer.
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That's why I can't do it.
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I don't do it yet, but there's another story.
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The second section is listening.
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It's very bad, because after reading you're already tired.
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You have energy on the ground.
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Reading is very, very difficult.
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Because, first, you read it from the screen, scan it, search for questions, search for questions.
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This is a lot of mental and mental work in general.
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So when the deal is coming to listening, you are already tired.
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And it's not very good.
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It's, in fact, even worse.
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But, to幸せ, as I already said, you can make a note.
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And it's very important.
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Because in these listening questions, the creators of testers do many tricks and features,
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to get you out of the main idea.
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And there is always something that happens.
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Someone who is attracted to something, someone who is trying to say something else.
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And there is always something that happens.
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So focus only on the main goal.
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For example, in listening there is a second type of question.
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It's when you listen to dialogue between student and teacher or just working from university.
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And the first question in this section is always why student came to the same?
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Why?
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You always need to have this in mind.
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What is the meaning of this dialogue?
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Why is this happening?
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And when you think about it, you always have to stay on this way.
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You can't let anything else you want to do.
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If student comes to ask the teacher to give him a job for a full-time job, then the teacher then says,
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you don't want to participate in a competition or something else?
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This is what they want to do.
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You don't want to get the main idea of the main idea and write it.
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So, think about what this text is.
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This test testes your skills in academic environments.
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So, you listen to the teacher's lesson, they test your skills to sit together in America,
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in English, and be a good student, to understand and learn.
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So, you sit and forget that this test is not a test, it is not a toyful, you sit together in a pair, you do a conspire, you do notes.
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Some students are crying, but that's not true.
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There are times when the teacher asks something about the student, and the student is confused and can't answer, and in the end he doesn't answer.
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And the teacher says, okay, let's move on.
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And this is what they are doing.
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If you sit together, you would not be interested in it.
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You need a lecture about babies.
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You need a concept about babies, because you will have a test about babies.
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And that's how you will be on this exam.
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And that's what's talking about student conversation with a different person.
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It's okay.
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It's okay.
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It's normal.
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It's normal.
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It's normal.
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It's normal.
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Don't worry about this topic.
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And another important tip.
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People who do an озвучку of these dialogues and monologues for this exam,
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In general, they are talking with a relatively small speed of speech, which is very good.
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They use a lot of parazitans, but also a lot of different sounds that we use in real life.
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Like a.. and a.. and a.. and a...
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But the problem is that they can sometimes talk a little monotone.
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And not to be a problem, it's done specifically.
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Because when something important is happening in this dialogue, or in this audio file,
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when the tone of voice changes, something important is happening.
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For example, the person who says, I'll show you a graphic on the desk.
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Oh, wait!
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So wait a minute, I think you have this in your books, don't you?
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Sarah?
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Yes, we do.
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Oh, okay.
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Never mind, let's keep going.
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And обычно в такие моменты спикер говорит какую-то интересную фразу.
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Например, типа, never mind, let's keep going.
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Вас про это спросят.
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Вас спросят, почему преподаватель сказал, never mind, let's keep going.
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И они проиграют этот фрагмент снова.
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And you need to understand why this phrase is in context.
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Because she realized that she has a graphic in the study of the study.
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And she doesn't need to be able to write it on the desk.
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So, this is a good answer.
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So, please pay attention to the tone of voice.
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There are some cool phrases that you ask.
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And in general, just try to not get distracted and not get offended.
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And focus on what you listen to.
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and try to make your recordings more clear and more quickly,
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so that it doesn't take too much time and focus, while you listen.
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This is the most difficult part in listening.
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It's the ability to balance your recordings and listen to each other.
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If you don't know how to do it well, you need to keep this skill.
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The next part is my favorite part.
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It's my favorite because after reading and listening it's like a hot water.
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The speaking part is the short part.
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There is a lot of clear and simple and easy to speak.
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It's the first time I was talking about Toyful.
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I didn't know anything about it.
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First question is 45 seconds.
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The rest are 60 seconds.
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This is not the thing we used to be used in traditional, so-called, in terms of learning English.
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If we speak, then we need to speak three minutes, write what's on the picture, and write it with the full answer, how much more and more,
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more, more, more, more, because it shows our ability to speak English better.
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The more you say, the more you say, the more you say.
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I thought so, because it's all I knew.
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I know.
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There is a slide that has 15 seconds to prepare your answer and 45 seconds to speak.
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And I'm like, 45 seconds to speak?
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I trained myself to speak for 3 minutes to 10 minutes.
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How can I make a question for 45 seconds?
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This is a very important skill, which you also need to train.
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It's a short, but full answer.
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It's very, very important.
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If you are not used to this, then you need to practice the answers to different types of questions in speaking.
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In speaking, there are 4 different questions, and these types of questions are always the same.
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So I won't be able to talk about them, maybe we will do it in the future, where we will give you attention and attention.
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But I just want to give you some advice for speaking, how to prepare and how to prepare.
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In speaking-chase, you need to train to speak short, but clear and full of answers.
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Number one.
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Number two.
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You need to...
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You need to know your answer very clearly.
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First question is, what is the best?
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You prefer it or it?
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Some people love doing it.
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You agree or not?
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So there will be something or something, there will be an option.
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And you need to give your opinion.
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So in your head you have to be a clear structure.
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My opinion is like this, because it's number one, number two.
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And so my opinion is like this and it's not changing.
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All, 45 seconds.
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Remember, the main rule of TOEFL is magic 2.
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All there will be 2.
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There will be 2.
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In the test, in the listening section, there will be 2.
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You need to give 2 examples of what you have, or 2 examples of your life, if it's a personal example, like in the first question on speaking.
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But 2 is a crazy number, don't forget.
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2 is very important.
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So you need structure.
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And to have a structure, you need to be a structure.
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I have no one of the first two times when I was able to fill.
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The third time I was able to fill it for myself.
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And it really helped me.
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The third time I was able to fill it for February.
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I was prepared, and I was prepared for it I prepared my own materials for this course
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I studied them and just wanted to do it
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And I decided to test my materials so
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that I decided to do it And
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so I decided to do it in TOEFL But at this time I wanted to do something different
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I wanted TOEFL to do it as much faster So I just learned the reading and listening part of the video.
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I was able to read the reading and listening part of the video.
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I was able to read the reading part of the video.
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But I was able to read the video very quickly and not to be able to read the video.
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In the end, I reduced the time of the test.
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For me, I was able to read the video.
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But in this time, there were clear rules for speaking.
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And it was super cool.
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Because, as I already said, all these questions are the same.
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The same rules are the same.
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The rules are always the same.
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As I already mentioned before the first question.
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The rules.
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There are rules.
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So these rules are very important to learn.
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And when I say to learn about the rules, I don't say you are sitting like a story about the words.
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No, no, no. You take this rule and put it in front of you.
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There, where the differences are, you fill your answers.
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You open it in the internet.
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Google.
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TOEFL Speaking Section Practice Questions.
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And you start.
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You have a list of practice questions from each type, and you practice every single time.
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So you don't train yourself, how to answer these questions, but you also teach each other.
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So I highly recommend it.
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If you want great labels and labels that score high points, because when I was talking about TOEFL,
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I was 30-30 for speaking.
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Кстати говоря, but, кроме шуток, I have all this stuff.
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Not only the rules, but also the rules for writing, and very important and useful advice,
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how to read, listen, and all the sections.
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In my new course How to get more than 100$ on TOEFL without any effort.
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In this course we completely turn the stock on the head and go into the structure of this course.
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how everything is happening, why everything is happening, what is important to know and how to do it as well as possible to get the biggest number of balls.
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Because, as I said, I am not a test person, I don't love tests, so I do it by the way.
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We will study this test and study and how it will be updated, we will also update it.
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And it works.
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I was in February, I was able to do TOEFL, I was able to do it for this material.
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And in the English language school, which I teach, I also taught TOEFL prep.
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And I was able to do it for this material.
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In general, everything is done there, so I have so much time for this course.
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In the sense.
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So if you are ready, please go to the link in the description.
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There is a link in the labels, the letters, the bonus, the letters,
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the letters, the letters, the letters.
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TOEFL, as I said, is an academic test, so there will be many academic words, not only related to science and other disciplines,
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but also academic words in terms of the student, all the campus, university words and such.
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So it's also very important to know and to know about these terms.
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In my course there is a very good memory of all the possible words that you need.
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I was only three times, I was in American university, so it was not difficult to make.
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So that these words don't scare you, and that you know what midterms, finals, credits, and what you know about the overall system of評価.
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You know, you see in films that there is a system of評価 in America with a very good, B is 4, C, D,
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F But do you know that this is translated into a 4-billion system in a number of numbers?
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The highest rating is 4, not 5 in America If you don't know,
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it's good to know you until you get to offer 12 How does the university system work?
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In terms of how you choose your pairs, besides required, and how you choose your pairs and how the credit system works,
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in terms of how many credits you need for every semester, what classes you can still get,
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how to перевise, what prerequisites are, etc. So, don't forget to forget that these words are all over the whole test.
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If you can understand them and use them in your answers to speaking and writing,
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If it is, of course, it is also better.
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And the last section is the writing section.
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The writing section is in the new format of test.
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It is very much better.
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It is wonderful.
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The first section is the same as it is.
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You need to know how to write an essay.
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But you know, I know, we all know, that for people who are learning English, the way to write an essay is like,
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you know, to clean up your teeth.
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Or, I don't know, coffee.
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You do it constantly, you do it many times.
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Maybe you need to get a little bit of a memory.
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How to do it.
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Maybe you need to write without a correct answer.
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It's important, people forget about it.
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Yeah, I write well.
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So, you can't do it on a week and write it.
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Because spelling is a important topic.
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And in Toyfle, you don't have a correct answer.
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This is the first advice for writing.
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The second advice is, of course, is a good advice for essay.
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It's very good.
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There are different types of questions that can be found, and you can find them in each one.
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You can also use these types of questions.
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In general, you just need to know how to structure the essay.
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And what words and phrases you can use.
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First, on the other hand, after, then, later, to sum up.
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And this is a classic genre.
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Well, the second question is the first question in Toyful Writing.
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It's a post in an academic blog.
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A teacher or a professor asks a question, two students answer to him, and you need to add a comment.
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So, here it is a little more formal.
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This part is not a good way to be used in the use of a good vocabulary or a good grammar.
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You need to be clear and logical and clear to answer the question, which is the most difficult part of you.
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And although this is the most difficult part, there are also some nuances that you need to know.
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So in general, all that I have said, number one, to sum up,
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number one, know how it works, what kind of questions are there.
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Number two, to do these tests as much as possible.
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Actually, before I started the preparation I would have done a zero-testing test in the internet,
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to understand where I am now, to understand where I am now, and where I am more focused on.
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How far you can go, only on your skills.
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I would have done it first.
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After that I would have prepared, using all the resources that are available, books, books, like my course.
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Very good, actually.
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And YouTube videos, everything that's all.
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And I would always do these different questions.
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Reading I would do every day, because it's the most difficult one.
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Listening I would always do these different questions.
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In the internet there are many.
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Speaking I would always do these different questions.
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Writing I would always do with an auto-correct.
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and practice writing essay and this second task in the blog.
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Number three.
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When you finally make this test, you can't do anything.
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In the day, you already do everything.
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You don't do anything new to learn, you can't do anything on the test.
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You already do everything.
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So, relax, relax and feel yourself, that you have made enough preparation, to make this test better.
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You can maybe a little bit of a
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My best score is my best score I have no idea
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I would have never been able to give it to me
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I would have never been able to give it to me My best score What does that mean?
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In a certain amount of time If you give it a few times For example, you give it toEFL They take the highest results
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From each section And they connect them together In a big Frankenstein test A.K.A.
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My best score And so, for example, my second time, when I was doing TOEFL, my result was reading 30,
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listening 26, because I forgot to write.
432
Speaking 29 and writing 26.
433
This is my second time, when I was doing TOEFL.
434
And the last time, when I was doing TOEFL, my result was reading 25, because I was a slow speedrun.
435
Listening 25, again, consistently, my speedrun was.
436
Speaking 30 and writing 29 So my best score,
437
if I was now, was 115 in total And that's enough, so I can get to Harvard,
438
Yale and all that So don't worry Of course, it's not necessary to give it to you in the second time I understand
439
But you know that at the end of the day, you can do it And they made you a nice friend of Frankenstein.
440
So it's not so serious.
441
So relax and just trust that you know everything you need to know, to know this test.
442
If you have any questions about Toyful, leave them in the comments.
443
I will be happy to answer them.
444
I've been very long and I've been eating a lot.
445
I didn't want to talk to anyone about Toyful in general.
446
Because my course is not ready yet.
447
I was only in the process and I'm not going to cover this fact.
448
But now I'm finally ready to get the picture.
449
I'm ready to talk about Toyful.
450
So, ask questions, and also, subscribe to my course, if you plan to send Toyful.
451
And I will help you.
452
I'm going to be the guy on LinguaTripTV.
453
And we'll see you in the next one.
454
Don't forget to subscribe to the channel, if you haven't yet.
455
And I have a few videos that I'm sure you'll enjoy.
456
Thank you very much.
457
We'll see you in the next one.
458
Bye.
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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку
Этот урок разговорной практики уровня B2 построен на видео «Как набрать больше 100 баллов TOEFL без особых усилий». Чаще всего повторяются слова: test, answer, Toefl, write, reading. В этом видео 456 предложений и 5029 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 33:05. Говорящий говорит в естественном темпе, около 152 слов в минуту, близком к повседневной речи. 89% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка, поэтому лексика простая.
Ключевая лексика этого видео
Самые сложные слова из видео (15), с произношением и значением:
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| scan глагол | /skæn/ | разгля́дывать |
| skim глагол | /skɪm/ | снима́ть |
| effortless прилагательное | /ˈɛfə(ɹ)tlɪs/ | не делающий усилий |
| speedrun существительное | /ˈspiːd.ɹʌn/ | спидра́н |
| subscribe глагол | /səbˈskɹaɪb/ | подпи́сывать, подписа́ть |
| conspire глагол | /kənˈspaɪə(ɹ)/ | замышля́ть, сгова́риваться |
| midterm прилагательное | /ˈmɪdˌtɚm/ | среднесро́чный |
| monologue существительное | /ˈmɑnəˌlɔɡ/ | моноло́г |
| monotone прилагательное | /ˈmɑ.nə.toʊn/ | моното́нный |
| nuance существительное | /ˈnjuː.ɑːns/ | нюа́нс, отте́нок |
| preposition существительное | /ˌpɹɛpəˈzɪʃən/ | предло́г |
| prerequisite существительное | /pɹiˈɹɛkwəzət/ | предпосы́лка, предусловие |
| retrospect существительное | /ˈɹɛtɹəˌspɛkt/ | взгляд наза́д, взгляд в про́шлое |
| standardization существительное | /ˌstæn.də.daɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ | стандартиза́ция |
| tester существительное | /ˈtɛstəɹ/ | тестиро́вщик, испыта́тель |
Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите
| Слово | Значение |
|---|---|
| check out глагол | проверя́ть, прове́рить |
| clean up глагол | убира́ться, прибираться |
| find out глагол | узнава́ть, узна́ть |
Фразы, которые стоит повторять
Короткие законченные фразы из видео, которые пригодятся в повседневном разговоре:
- You're going to get it?
- It's all that I knew.
- It doesn't matter, how you have a great memory.
- This is very important, which I didn't do.
- You prefer it or it?
Грамматика в этом видео
Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:
| Конструкция | В видео |
|---|---|
| «Used to» used to + глагол — прошлая привычка или состояние, которых больше нет | used to test · used to use · used to be |
| Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает | was needed · be addressed · is done |
| Придаточные определительные who / which + предложение — уточнение о человеке или предмете | answer, which is · Someone who is · People who do |
| Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас | you've checked · have caught · have said |
Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание
Говорящий использует 81 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например don't, didn't, I'm. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.
- Звуки «sh» и «zh»: preposition /ˌpɹɛpəˈzɪʃən/, standardization /ˌstæn.də.daɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, genre /ˈ(d)ʒɑnɹə/
- Длинные слова — следите за ударением: orientate /ˈɒɹi.ənteɪt/, preposition /ˌpɹɛpəˈzɪʃən/, prerequisite /pɹiˈɹɛkwəzət/, standardization /ˌstæn.də.daɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/, vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/
Как заниматься с этим видео
- Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
- Начните со скорости 0,75×, повторяйте предложение за предложением и вернитесь к обычной скорости, когда станет легко.
- Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как scan, skim, effortless.
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.