Практика Shadowing: The Secret to Finding Perfect Timing | Daniel Pink - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
Выберите режим практики
Каждый режим открывает полноэкранную комнату практики.
305 предложений
Если предложения слишком короткие или длинные, нажмите Edit, чтобы их изменить.
1
Your most recent book, When, is all about the secrets and science behind perfect timing.
2
In particular, one of the things you talk about a lot in there is power of breaks
3
and taking breaks and all that.
4
Can you elaborate a little bit on that and why that really is so important?
5
Yeah, great.
6
That's a great question.
7
I'm glad to talk about that.
8
So, I guess the top line view of all of this is that if you look at...
9
Well, let me take two steps back here.
10
This work on timing, the mistake that we make is that when we make our timing decisions, we make them based on intuition and guesswork, and we should be making them based on evidence.
11
And there's a lot of evidence out here on timing.
12
And some of the evidence has to do with breaks.
13
And what the evidence tells us about breaks is that breaks are woefully, woefully undersold.
14
We should be taking more breaks, and we should be taking certain kinds of breaks.
15
And so at a very top level, there's this view, I think, it's a very American view.
16
It's a very, somehow like Americans from all races and walks of life, just simply stepping, I mean, true in Massachusetts, sort of, you step on the soil of America,
17
and sort of through the bottom of your shoes, you begin to get these very puritanical values, even if your family has no connection to the Puritans at all.
18
And these puritanical values are like, powering through is how you get more work done, powering through is good for you, powering through is morally virtuous.
19
And what the evidence says is that is not true.
20
And it's totally changed my view.
21
And what the evidence tells us is that I used to think that amateurs took breaks and professionals don't.
22
It's the exact opposite.
23
Professionals take breaks, amateurs don't.
24
And what we need to start thinking about is breaks as part of our performance, rather than a deviation from our performance, as integral to our performance,
25
rather than a turn away from our performance.
26
And you see this in a whole range of things.
27
You see it in medicine, where if you give doctors and nurses breaks, they actually perform better on surgery.
28
They're more vigilant in their care.
29
You see it in the work of certainly in athletes.
30
Athletes build breaks into things.
31
You see it in a whole range of different brain power tasks, where if you give people,
32
there's some really, really good research showing that kids do worse on standardized tests
33
if they take the test in the afternoon versus the morning, significantly worse.
34
But you can get those scores back up
35
if you give them 20 minutes to run around before they take that afternoon test, scores go back up.
36
So breaks matter to our performance.
37
The other thing, forgive the long-winded answer, well, we need to take a break from this answer, is that we know about the right kinds of breaks to take.
38
And this is really important, that all breaks are not created equal.
39
What we know is we have a very good, from the evidence, a very good kind of set of design principles.
40
We know that something is better than nothing.
41
So even taking a one minute break is better than not taking a break at all.
42
One thing I try to do, especially if I'm on deadline, is what people call the 20-20-20 break, which is that every 20 minutes,
43
look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds.
44
Even that kind of thing can restore energy.
45
We know that social is better than solo, so that breaks with other people are more restorative than breaks on our own, even for introverts.
46
We know that some amazing, I mean, I like to see all these folks outside here.
47
We know that breaks outside are more restorative than breaks inside.
48
We know that breaks where you're moving are better than breaks where you're sedentary.
49
And we know that breaks where you're fully detached are better than when you're semi-detached.
50
So you actually have to take a break.
51
Don't look at your phone.
52
Don't talk about work.
53
Well, I'm glad you mentioned the piece about when you're on deadline, like that sort of short example of a break.
54
Because some of the things that strike me in this type of stuff is it all sounds great.
55
But how do you practically do some of this stuff when maybe dictating your own break schedule isn't entirely in your control?
56
Or you work with people who don't have that same mentality?
57
And so do you have tips and advice for doing this, but working within a larger construct that might not be bought in?
58
RICK MACLENNAN, Absolutely.
59
That's just a really, really great point.
60
And so one thing would be these what are called micro breaks, which are these very, very short breaks.
61
They can be restorative.
62
It's a lot of bang for the buck.
63
The other thing is really just to start small.
64
So if you're an individual in an organization that doesn't necessarily prize these kinds of things, just be smart about it.
65
So don't say, oh, I'm going to take a two hour siesta today, everybody.
66
See you later.
67
Instead, what you do is don't ask for permission.
68
I'm convinced that if everybody in the workplace took
69
each afternoon one 15 minute walk outside with someone they liked talking about something other than work,
70
you would see gains in productivity.
71
So just start small.
72
And I think that the other point you make, Lauren, is really interesting, too, about how in the maw of things going on, we sometimes neglect that.
73
And so one of the things that I've started doing is actually literally scheduling a break.
74
And so just like if you had a meeting on your calendar, you'd go to the meeting, right?
75
Time to go to the meeting.
76
And so if you schedule like 315, 15-minute walk break, you start adhering to that.
77
So start small and schedule it.
78
Yeah, but I have a tip because I have those in my calendar.
79
But if you do them at the same time every day, people figure it out.
80
So you've got to do them at random times.
81
Good point.
82
That's really good.
83
That's really good.
84
Because then they just book right over.
85
Here's the other thing.
86
Don't do it on Outlook.
87
Just do it on your phone.
88
Well, that's true, too.
89
Yeah, yeah, yeah.
90
Similarly, in the book, there's also some science in there around the cycles that we're all on, and some people being morning people and being productive there, some people being evening people.
91
There's ratios.
92
The question, though, is, again, how do you identify who you are and identify who somebody else is and work together?
93
Another great question.
94
Yeah.
95
So what you're talking about, for the folks who haven't looked at the book, is what's called a chronotype, which is basically a morning person or evening person.
96
It sounds a little like folklore is actually science.
97
There's a whole field of chronobiology that studies this.
98
Some of us naturally wake up early and go to sleep early.
99
Some of us wake up late and go to sleep late.
100
A lot of us are in the middle.
101
And for yourself, there are instruments out there you can find online.
102
There's something called the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire, the MCTQ.
103
There's something called the Morning Eveningness Questionnaire, the MEQ.
104
There's also a very simple back of the envelope way to figure out your chronotype.
105
I could do it with somebody right here in 30 seconds if you wanted.
106
Anybody want to have that?
107
OK, yeah.
108
So well, I saw I'll go to this guy right here.
109
And I just happened to see him first.
110
Sorry about that. can do you afterwards.
111
Tell me your first name?
112
Drew.
113
Okay, so Drew, I want you to think about, this is what chronobiologists call a free day.
114
A free day is a day you don't have to wake up to an alarm clock.
115
You're also not exhausted and trying to catch up on sleep.
116
You can just like wake up and go to sleep when you feel like it.
117
So on a typical free day, when would you typically go to sleep?
118
10.30 or 11.
119
10.30, okay, so let's say 11.
120
And then, and when would you typically wake up?
121
Again, on a free day, you do no alarm clock, you get up whenever you want.
122
7.30, okay.
123
So I'm going to go with 10.30, just so I don't have to do the halves.
124
So 10.30 to 7.30, so that's nine hours of sleep, four and a half.
125
So what I'm trying to do is figure out your midpoint of sleep.
126
So your midpoint of sleep would be 3 a.m.
127
Is that right?
128
Yeah.
129
Midpoint of sleep would be 3 a.m.
130
And here's here's what we know um
131
if your midpoint of sleep is before 3 30 you're probably a lark
132
if your midpoint of sleep is after 5 30 a.m you're probably an owl
133
and if your midpoint of sleep is between 3 30
134
and 5 30 you're in the middle
135
so you would be uh you would be a lark not a super strong lark does
136
that seem logical yeah yeah
137
so you're better off doing like your more analytic work early in the day
138
and your more insight work later later later in the day now
139
when it comes to other people it's harder um and so
140
but i actually think that um that knowing people's chronotypes can be really useful so
141
if i'm a boss i'm not okay first of all like
142
how do you feel about working all-nighters how do you feel yeah
143
or how do you feel like having a boss who's like
144
okay yeah we're gonna going to be here till 11 o'clock at night?
145
OK, so Drew, you're the boss.
146
OK, so here's the thing.
147
So suppose that you have somebody who is, anybody tests much more later in the day, more of an owl.
148
OK, so tell me your first name.
149
Karna?
150
Carla, sorry.
151
So Carla is an owl.
152
So suppose that Carla is in your organization, all right?
153
She's an owl, all right? don't make Carla come to an 8 o'clock AM strategy meeting.
154
All right.
155
So it's that kind of thing.
156
So just knowing a sense of people's chronotypes, you can make some adjustments based on that.
157
How do you feel about eight o'clock in the morning meetings, Carla?
158
Show up.
159
Right.
160
But Carla might be good at like maybe at nine o'clock at night, you're feeling pretty good about stuff.
161
So that's it.
162
So it's just a matter of just knowing that is, you know, allows us to make small decisions to do a little bit better.
163
How did you come to this research?
164
How did you get on the topic of timing and when and writing that book?
165
You know what?
166
I was actually, believe it or not, I actually had written a proposal for an entirely different book.
167
And then I realized how personally frustrated I was.
168
Because I was making all kinds of decisions myself.
169
Like, I'm a writer.
170
When in the day should I write?
171
One of the things that I was really concerned about or interested in was when should I exercise?
172
Is it better exercise in the morning?
173
Is it better to exercise later in the day?
174
And I found myself, like, I was making these decisions, and I was doing it in a totally half-assed way.
175
And I said, there's got to be a better way to do it.
176
And so I started looking around for some guidance, and it didn't exist.
177
And so then I started looking at the science.
178
I said, wow, there's a lot of science here.
179
And I was like, this is a book that I wanted to read.
180
No one had written it, so I had to write it myself.
181
I basically had to write this so I could read it.
182
Love it.
183
Yeah.
184
Is it possible to get too bogged down in the science of, like, I have to work out at this time because that's
185
when the only time it's going to be good for me and like all of that.
186
Do you have advice, I guess, to not fall into that trap?
187
Yeah, I mean, I think that what you want to do is you, I mean, I think in general when it comes to how we lead our lives,
188
and this is, it's interesting that we want a mix of kind of loose and tight.
189
So we do want to have some kind of structure in our schedule.
190
But so for me, it's like I know that I'm better off,
191
you know, me getting to my office in the morning and maybe like at 8.30 or so.
192
Because I'm not, I'm a little bit, I'm larky but not as strong of a lark as they drew. So 8.30.
193
But if I get to my office at 8.40, it's like I'm not going to spend the next 20 minutes beating myself up on that.
194
You know, it's like, okay, yeah, we're going to aspire to do that.
195
And you don't want to be overly rigid.
196
But you want to have some, you know, you want to have, so if you think about, let's say, Let's take exercise.
197
So if you're better off exercising in the late afternoon and early evening, if you miss a day or two, that's like, you miss a day or two.
198
Yeah, you miss a day or two.
199
So what's the next question that you're looking for the answer for
200
that you're going to need to write a book to answer?
201
Oh, good question.
202
I don't know.
203
I'm trying to figure out that right now.
204
I mean, writing a book is, some of you probably have written books.
205
Some of the millions of us watching at home have probably written books.
206
Writing a book is a giant pain in the ass.
207
It's really, really, really.
208
I mean, it is.
209
It's really, really hard.
210
It's really, really hard.
211
So you have to find a topic that you really are really, really, really, really interested in.
212
So I've actually gone down the road to research two topics, one of which I was wrong about.
213
So I had an idea and it turned out to be not true.
214
And then another one, it was like, oh my god, if I have to spend three years working on this, I'm going to bang my head against the wall.
215
Is that the normal time frame, three years for this to come together?
216
Yeah, it depends.
217
Basically, I figured it out.
218
Yeah, I like to have a year to research and a year to write, generally.
219
And then I build in another year just for what writers do best, which is procrastination and self-loathing.
220
Rachel Botsman was up here yesterday and she was talking a little bit about her process.
221
And I found it really interesting.
222
She said that as she's researching a topic and writing a book or anything, she draws the ideas.
223
Is there anything in your sort of writing process that helps you materialize what you're thinking through?
224
Yeah, there are.
225
I tend to be pretty I tend to be pretty analog, even though I use Evernote and all that kind of stuff,
226
and I rely on Dropbox.
227
Like if the main Dropbox server ever got attacked by North Korea, my life would be over.
228
I mean, I would basically have nothing to do.
229
But that said, I like to see stuff.
230
So I will write out just lists of words.
231
I wonder what this word has to do with anything, or questions.
232
I have a big thing of whiteboards in my, a big whiteboardish wall in my office.
233
I also will often use giant, what do you call them?
234
Like stick notes?
235
Yeah, yeah, like Post-its, but like the poster-sized ones.
236
And we'll write stuff on there and plaster those up.
237
And I will, like, I literally sometimes will turn in my chair
238
and look at an array of those giant stickies and just literally spend 45 minutes just looking at them.
239
My family thinks, like, oh my god, there he is again.
240
He's been day drinking.
241
And so that helps me process things.
242
I also use a lot of paper, believe it or not.
243
I mean, paper files and things like that.
244
Yeah.
245
Why?
246
Like, why paper?
247
What does it do for you?
248
Hard to put into work.
249
You know, for me, I think it goes back to being able to see stuff.
250
I also feel like, maybe I'm completely delusional, I feel like I read better on paper than I do on a screen.
251
I feel like I process and understand more.
252
It could be because it could be a generational thing, you know, because when I was a kid learning how to read and whatnot, there weren't that very many screens, you know?
253
But I feel like I just, and maybe there's some kind of weird psychological thing where I just find it comforting to be able to touch something.
254
I understand.
255
You've been up here with us.
256
You've been doing your spotlight talk.
257
If you could leave this inbound audience with just one thing to hold onto and take away from your time here, what would that be?
258
I think on the question of timing and even on your first question about breaks, I feel like everybody could up their,
259
I hate this word, it's a little clumsy, intentionality.
260
That a lot of times we're doing things based on default settings,
261
based on kind of just stumbling through things.
262
There's a great line from William James, taught at Harvard, father of psychology, started off as a philosopher, basically founded the field of psychology.
263
And he has this great line in one of the things that he wrote called, he says, most of us go through life only half awake.
264
you know and I feel like myself like sometimes I'm like I'm only half awake and
265
if you just sort of say hey wait a second you know certain moments in the beginning of the day
266
or somewhere in the day saying okay am I half awake
267
or am I fully awake am I intentional
268
or not I just think you just um it's just more
269
interesting you learn a lot more Elizabeth Gilbert was here night one
270
and I think she set everybody off on a good intentionality
271
path oh good yeah yeah um okay we have one
272
but she has this great thing where
273
but just like like like you know the other thing
274
that I would leave with borrowing on Liz Gilbert stuff is just showing up.
275
If you want to do work, show up.
276
She has this whole thing where it's like, if you sit around waiting for the muse to visit you, you're never going to get any work done.
277
But if you show up every once in a while, the muse will come knock at your office door.
278
Absolutely.
279
One final question.
280
What does inbound mean to you?
281
You know what?
282
I'm a big HubSpot fan.
283
I've been to inbound before.
284
I think that what's interesting is the overall approach of HubSpot and Inbound and the whole world of,
285
say, content marketing is really interesting because it's really about education.
286
We're not trying to hoodwink people.
287
We're not trying to deceive people.
288
We're basically saying, hey, I found out some interesting stuff.
289
Let me share it with you.
290
What do you think?
291
And to me, that's really engaging.
292
And I think that that's one reason why you have these ginormous armies of people from all over the world coming here.
293
I was here a few years ago as well, and now it's like, holy moly, what the hell is going on here?
294
Yeah, I know.
295
Yeah.
296
I know.
297
It's more than doubled since the last time you were here.
298
Yeah.
299
Yeah.
300
It's crazy.
301
Well, thank you so much for coming back and being here again.
302
Thank you for having me.
303
Thank you for stopping by the studio and thank all of you for being here.
304
Thanks a lot.
305
Thanks everybody.
Скачать приложение
Всё для свободной речи
ИИ-оценка произношенияОценка каждой фразы
Практика IPAОсвойте каждый звук
СловарьСоберите свой словарный запас
Игра со словамиУчитесь играя
✨ Рекомендуемое видео
B21
325 предложений
You can progress more in 6 minutes than you would in a month | Daniel Coyle
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B21
37 предложений
Stop Wasting Your Time: 5 Simple Changes That Actually Work #StopWastingTime#TimeManagement
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B21
558 предложений
148. How to Enter Your ~Discipline Era~ and Start Respecting Your Time to Change Your Life
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B24
35 предложений
My Advice to People in Their 40s and 50s
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B24
40 предложений
Hit peak performance with the power of habit | Wendy Wood
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B21
52 предложений
The Most Effective Way to Learn as a Leader (And Break Through Faster)
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B2298 предложений
Forget Your Reading Journal, Do This Instead
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
253 предложений
How to Stop Procrastinating (Forever)
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B22
48 предложений
Celeste Headlee - 10 ways to have a better conversation (Condensed Talk)
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B21
275 предложений
The 5 Habits 80% of Top Performers Use Every Day | Aspire Archives
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B21
383 предложений
15-minute (B2 Level) English Listening Practice || B2 Level English Podcast for Fluency
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B22
178 предложений
When Stress Stops Helping You (And Starts Hurting You)
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку
В этом видео 305 предложений и 3396 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 17:40. Говорящий говорит быстро, около 192 слов в минуту, поэтому звуки часто сливаются и сокращаются. 86% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка; остальные стоит разобрать перед занятием.
Ключевая лексика этого видео
15 менее частых слов из видео с произношением и значением:
- topic /ˈtɑpɪk/ (существительное) — те́ма, предме́т. A subject; a theme; a category or general area of interest.
- awake /əˈweɪk/ (глагол) — просыпа́ться, просну́ться. To become conscious after having slept.
- bang /ˈbæŋ/ (существительное) — уда́р, треск. A sudden percussive noise.
- psychology /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ (существительное) — психоло́гия, пси́хика. The study of the human mind.
- calendar /ˈkæl.ən.də/ (существительное) — календа́рь. Any system by which time is divided into days, weeks, months, and years.
- alarm /əˈlɑɹm/ (существительное) — трево́га. A summons to arms, as on the approach of an enemy.
- amateur /ˈæ.mə.t͡ʃɚ/ (существительное) — люби́тель, люби́тельница. A person attached to a particular pursuit, study, science, or art (such as music or painting), especially one who cultivates any study, interest, taste, or…
- folk /foʊk/ (существительное) — наро́д. People, persons.
- deadline /ˈdɛdˌlaɪn/ (существительное) — кра́йний срок, после́дний срок. A time limit in the form of a date on or before which something must be completed.
- athlete /ˈæθ.liːt/ (существительное) — легкоатле́т, легкоатле́тка. A participant in any of a group of sporting activities including track and field, road running, cross country running and racewalking.
- muse /mjuːz/ (глагол) — заду́мываться, заду́маться. To become lost in thought, to ponder.
- naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/ (наречие) — есте́ственно. In a natural manner.
- necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/ (наречие) — обяза́тельно. Inevitably; of necessity.
- proposal /pɹəˈpoʊzəl/ (существительное) — предложе́ние. A scheme or design.
- server /ˈsɝvɚ/ (существительное) — се́рвер. A program that provides services to other programs or devices, either in the same computer or over a computer network.
Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите
- talk about (глагол) — ну и, вот э́то. Used to draw attention to the speaker's characterization of someone or something.
- wake up /ˌweɪk ˈʌp/ (глагол) — просыпа́ться, просну́ться. To stop sleeping; to awake.
- figure out (глагол) — разбира́ться, разобра́ться. To come to understand; to discover or find a solution; to deduce.
- show up (глагол) — объявля́ться, объяви́ться. To appear, arrive, or attend, especially suddenly or erratically.
- go on /ˈɡoʊˌɒn/ (глагол) — продолжа́ть, продо́лжить. To continue in extent.
- think about /ˈθɪŋk əˌbaʊt/ (глагол) — обду́мывать, обду́мать. To ponder.
- ask for (глагол) — проси́ть, попроси́ть. To request; to order.
- back up (глагол) — дава́ть за́дний ход. To move backwards, especially for a vehicle to do so.
Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание
Говорящий использует 76 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например I'm, you're, don't. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.
- Звуки «th»: athlete /ˈæθ.liːt/, loathe /ˈloʊð/
- Звуки «sh» и «zh»: ratio /ˈɹeɪ.ʃoʊ/, shoe /ˈʃu/, intentional /ɪnˈtɛnʃənəl/, intuition /ˌɪn.tjuːˈɪʃ.ən/, delusional /dɪˈluːʒənəl/
- Длинные слова — следите за ударением: psychology /saɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/, naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, similarly /ˈsɪm.ə.lə.li/, psychological /ˌsaɪ.kəˈlɑː.d͡ʒɪ.kl̩/
Как заниматься с этим видео
- Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
- Начните со скорости 0,75×, повторяйте предложение за предложением и вернитесь к обычной скорости, когда станет легко.
- Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как topic, awake, bang.
Грамматика в этом видео
Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:
| Конструкция | В видео |
|---|---|
| Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас | I've started · haven't looked · have written |
| Придаточные определительные who / which + предложение — уточнение о человеке или предмете | break, which is · people who don · breaks, which are |
| Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает | are not created · might not be bought · are called |
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.