ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: 5 Tenses = 96% of English

Here is something that will make you doubt everything you've learnt in English.

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Here is something that will make you doubt everything you've learnt in English.

Just five English tenses are used in around 96% of English interactions.

Yeah, out of all 12 tenses we learn,

you only need a literal handful in many conversations.

So let's be efficient here.

I'm going to show you what those five tenses are and how we use them.

To make this even more efficient,

I think efficiency is my word of the month here.

I've also created a free PDF.

It's basically an ebook at this point.

It contains everything we discussed today,

all of the information about each tense,

extra examples and a quiz to check what you've learnt.

If you would like to download that for free,

just click on the link in the description Or scan that QR code there,

and the PDF will arrive directly in your inbox.

Okay, here is your pie chart.

Let's start with the biggest slice.

The most commonly used English tense.

I wonder if you can guess what it is.

It is, drum roll please.

About to do it.

Myself.

It's the present simple.

It's used around 55% of the time in spoken English.

Next we have the past simple at almost 21%.

So over three quarters of spoken interactions in English happen in just two tenses.

Following that there is the present perfect simple at around 8.4%,

the future with will at 6.4% and the present continuous coming in with 5.7%.

The rest of the tenses are in that tiny slice of leftover pie.

Now, these figures are based on a study of spoken British English.

And as we know, there isn't just one variety of English.

There's North American English, Australian English,

Indian English, and so on.

Within these varieties, there are countless dialects and regional nuances,

and people use tenses differently.

Spoken English itself changes depending on context.

A casual conversation with friends is quite different from a job interview.

And then of course, there is written English.

In news reports and fiction books,

the past tense tends to be used more often than the present.

So 96% here is an estimate.

The figures within it vary,

but even with all of this variation,

the same five tenses rise to the top time and time again.

If you're interested in learning more,

I've put some links to sources in the description below.

But now let's go through some of the most common uses of these five key tenses.

First, the present simple.

This is usually the first tense that people learn in English.

The structure is subject plus base verb,

or with third person subjects,

a base verb with S.

I love it.

He lives nearby.

To see how to form negatives and questions and examples for the present simple and all the tenses to come,

make sure you download the PDF.

The link's down there.

So why is the present simple used so much?

Well, it has a lot of functions when talking about the present,

but it can also be used to refer to the past and the future.

It's the Swiss army knife of tenses.

We use the present simple to talk about habits,

routines, and things that are true at the present.

For example, I often go to the gym on Wednesdays,

or she lives in Belfast.

It's also used to discuss facts and general truths.

There are billions of stars in our galaxy.

And the present simple can refer to fixed or scheduled events in the future.

The play starts at eight.

Finally, the present simple often appears when we tell a story or discuss what happens in a book or film.

So, I'm at the beach yesterday when suddenly I see a massive wave coming right for me.

Or, Elizabeth Bennet meets Mr. Darcy.

Now, of course, we also tell stories in the past simple.

And that is our next most common tense used around 20% of the time in spoken interactions.

The past simple is formed by adding ed to regular verbs like start, started.

but some of the most common verbs in English are irregular.

Do you know the past simple of have, go, and be?

Had, went, was, or were.

Okay, and how do we use the past simple?

Well, we use it to talk about completed actions or events that happened before now.

It might be something that happened once.

I bought a new phone last weekend.

or something that happened several times.

We went camping in Wales every summer.

Or something that was true for a long period in the past.

They worked together for over 30 years.

Next up, the present perfect simple.

This is formed with subject plus have or has plus the past participle.

Again, regular past participles are formed by adding ed to verbs,

just like in the past simple.

For example, enjoy, enjoyed, enjoyed.

But of course, there are many irregular past participles like eat, ate, eaten.

Now, my students often find the present perfect tense quite challenging,

but here's a basic overview.

Of course, there's more information in the PDF.

We can use it for states or actions that began in the past,

but continue to the present.

100

For example, we've known each other since primary school.

101

Began in the past, we still know each other now.

102

We also use it for describing life experiences.

103

I've read The Great Gatsby.

104

We've never been to Ireland.

105

And we use it when something that happened in the past has an effect on or is relevant in the present.

106

I think I've broken my wrist.

107

It really hurts.

108

Now, it's worth noting that perfect tenses are more common in British English than in North American English.

109

For example, in British English,

110

we would say, I've just spoken to John.

111

While in North American English,

112

speakers might prefer the past simple.

113

I just spoke to John.

114

Actually, can we get an American to say that?

115

I just spoke to John.

116

Thank you.

117

Our next tense is the future simple,

118

or the future with Will.

119

This is my favourite tense because my husband's name is Will.

120

The form is subject plus will plus base verb.

121

I will see.

122

She will help.

123

Now, in spoken English, will is nearly always contracted to ll, apostrophe ll.

124

I'll, she'll, and so on.

125

They have one syllable.

126

It'll has two syllables.

127

The negative form of will is will not,

128

usually contracted to won't in speech.

129

And fun fact, if my husband's ever rude to me,

130

I call him won't because he is not my will.

131

We make offers, promises and spontaneous decisions with will.

132

For example, I'll give you a hand with that,

133

meaning I'll help you with that.

134

Or, you're going to the shop?

135

I'll come.

136

We also use it to express beliefs and make predictions.

137

It'll be amazing to see you again,

138

or you'll drop that glass if you're not careful.

139

However, a small study based on the sitcom Friends found

140

that be going to appears more often than will when referring to the future.

141

Be going to is definitely a key structure to use when discussing future plans or making predictions based on present evidence.

142

In fast speech, we use the informal contraction gonna.

143

It's gonna chuck it down any minute.

144

It's going to rain hard soon.

145

Alright, let's move on to our final tense.

146

The present continuous formed with subject plus am,

147

is or are plus ing verb.

148

For example, I'm speaking.

149

Are you coming?

150

This tense is used for ongoing actions happening at or around the moment of speaking.

151

Ellie's walking the dog.

152

They're creating a cycle path.

153

And we use it for future arrangements.

154

Mum's coming for dinner on Friday.

155

It's actually a very versatile tense.

156

We also use it for things we think are temporary,

157

things that are changing or developing,

158

and repeated actions that might be annoying.

159

Okay, now we've gone through our tenses,

160

let's do a short quiz together to test what you remember.

161

Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets to complete the sentences.

162

There are five questions and I want you to use each tense from this video once.

163

One, Helen, university in Glasgow last year.

164

The word in brackets is start.

165

Two, we, them tomorrow morning.

166

And your word is meet.

167

Three, I, you back in about five minutes.

168

And your word is call.

169

Four, bees, to tell other bees where food is.

170

And your word is dance.

171

And five, I, good will hunting.

172

And your words are never see.

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Pause the video now to have a think if you need more time.

174

Now I'm going to reveal the answers.

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Number one is started in the past simple.

176

This is a completed action in the past.

177

For number two, you could have used our meeting using the present continuous to talk about a future arrangement.

178

We are going to meet them is also fine, expressing a future plan.

179

Three should be will call or I'll call.

180

That's a promise made with will.

181

Four should be dance, the present simple for a fact.

182

And five should be have never seen,

183

the present perfect simple to talk about an experience up to now.

184

How did you score out of five?

185

Let me know your results in the comments and tell me,

186

which of these five tenses do you need to practise the most?

187

That's it for today's lesson,

188

but don't forget to download the PDF.

189

It is stuffed full of information,

190

examples, and there's another quiz because one isn't enough.

191

The link for that is in the description box or you can scan the QR code there.

192

I will see you soon for another lesson.

193

Mwah.

194

you

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