ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: Every Mistake Parents Made That Created Serial Killers
กำลังสร้างบทเรียน...
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Edmund Kemper.
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His mother told him no woman would ever love him, so he found a way to make sure they'd never leave.
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Edmund Kemper was just 8 years old when his mother started locking him in the basement every night.
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She said it was to protect his sisters from him.
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She called him a real weirdo, loud enough for him to hear through the walls.
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She told him he reminded her of his father, and that was never a compliment.
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By 10, Kemper had buried the family cat alive, then dug it up, then cut off its head and mounted it on a stick.
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At 14, he ran away to find his father.
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But his father had remarried and didn't want him.
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They shipped him off to live with his grandparents on a remote California ranch.
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His grandmother treated him the same way his mother had, constant criticism and constant control.
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On August 27, 1964, 15-year-old Edmund Kemper shot his grandmother in the head with a rifle.
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When his grandfather came home, he shot him too.
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When police asked why, Kemper said he wanted to see what it felt like to kill grandma
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and he killed grandpa so he wouldn't have to find out.
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Kemper spent five years in a psychiatric hospital.
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Doctors said he was rehabilitated.
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They released him into his mother's care.
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The argument started immediately.
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Screaming matches so loud the neighbors called police.
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His mother told him he was worthless, that college girls would never look at him twice, that he disgusted her.
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Between 1972 and 1973, Kemper picked up six young female hitchhikers.
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He killed them all.
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But these weren't random victims.
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They were college students, the same women his mother worked with at UC Santa Cruz, the same women she said would never want him.
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After killing one victim, Kemper buried her head in his mother's garden, facing her bedroom window.
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She always wanted people to look up to her, he said.
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On April 20, 1973, Kemper finally did what he'd been building toward his whole life.
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He killed his mother with a hammer while she was sleeping.
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He decapitated her and used her head as a dartboard.
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Then he called the police and turned himself in.
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The killings were over.
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He'd destroyed the thing that created him.
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Jeffrey Dahmer.
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When Jeffrey Dahmer was 18, both his parents left.
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His father moved out.
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His mother took his younger brother and left.
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No forwarding address, no phone calls.
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Jeffrey was alone in an empty house.
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He would later say that was the moment everything fell apart.
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Dahmer's childhood looked normal from the outside.
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Suburban Ohio.
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Two-parent household.
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A little brother named David.
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But inside, the family was fracturing.
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His mother suffered from depression and anxiety, swallowing pills by the handful.
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His father buried himself in work, chasing a PhD in chemistry while his marriage collapsed.
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The two fought constantly, screaming matches that echoed through the walls.
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No one noticed their older son slipping away.
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By age 10, Jeffrey had started collecting roadkill.
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He'd strip the flesh from dead animals and keep the bones.
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His father thought it was scientific curiosity.
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He even taught Jeffrey how to bleach and preserve the skeletons.
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He never asked why his son spent hours alone in a backyard hut, surrounded by jars of formaldehyde and tiny skulls.
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By 14, Jeffrey was drinking whiskey before school.
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Teachers noticed, his grades dropped, but no one intervened.
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By the time his parents divorced, Jeffrey had already learned the lesson that would define his life.
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People leave, everyone leaves, and there's nothing you can do to make them stay, unless you make sure they can't.
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Between 1978 and 1991, Dahmer killed 17 young men.
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He drugged them, strangled them, and kept their bodies for as long as he could.
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He posed them, photographed them, slept beside them.
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He later told investigators he wasn't trying to hurt anyone.
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He just didn't want to be alone.
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The only way I could keep them with me, he said, was if they couldn't leave.
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Dahmer was beaten to death in prison in 1994.
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He was 34 years old.
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His parents had spent years fighting over who was responsible for what their son became.
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In the end, they both abandoned him, and he never stopped trying to fill that emptiness.
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John Wayne Gacy.
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His father called him stupid, called him a sissy, called him a failure.
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John Wayne Gacy spent his entire childhood trying to earn approval that never came.
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His father was an alcoholic machinist who beat the family regularly.
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At four years old, John was whipped for accidentally moving parts in his father's car engine.
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At nine, a family friend began abusing him.
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John never told anyone, terrified his father would blame him.
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The message was clear.
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Everything wrong was John's fault.
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He tried everything.
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Worked hard in school, joined community organizations, built a successful business, hosted neighborhood parties, even dressed as Pogo the Clown to entertain children at hospitals.
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But nothing worked.
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His father kept calling him worthless.
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Then, in 1966, something changed.
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Gacy had married, had children, was managing restaurants in Iowa.
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His parents came to visit, and for the first time in his life, his father shook his hand and said, Son, I was wrong about you.
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Three years later, his father was dead.
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When Gacy heard the news in prison, where he was serving time for sexually assaulting a teenage employee, he collapsed to the floor.
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His request to attend the funeral was even denied.
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Between 1972 and 1978, John Wayne Gacy murdered at least 33 young men.
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He lured them to his home with promises of construction jobs, handcuffed them with a magic trick, assaulted and tortured them for hours,
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strangled them slowly with a rope tourniquet he called the rope trick.
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Then he buried them in the crawl space beneath his house.
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Twenty-six bodies were stacked in trenches he dug himself.
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When police finally searched his property, the stench of decay had been seeping through heating vents for years.
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Gacy showed no remorse.
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At trial, he joked about his victims.
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He blamed an alter ego named Jack, said the dead were just male prostitutes and liars.
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He was executed in 1994.
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His father never lived to see what his son became.
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But every victim buried under that house was someone's child too, killed by a man still trying to prove he wasn't worthless.
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Albert Fish.
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His mother couldn't afford him, so she gave him away.
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Albert Fish was five years old when his father died of a heart attack.
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His mother, unable to support her children alone, made a decision that would echo through history.
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She placed young Albert in St. John's Orphanage in Washington, D.C.
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She thought she was saving him.
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Instead, she was creating a monster.
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The orphanage was a house of horrors.
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Teachers beat the children constantly, whipped them until they bled, and forced the others to watch.
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It was meant as discipline.
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For Albert, it became something else entirely.
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He discovered he liked it.
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The beatings triggered excitement.
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Watching other boys suffer excited him.
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Pain and pleasure fused together in his developing mind, wiring connections that should never have existed.
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By the time his mother finally retrieved him five years later, the damage was permanent.
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Fish spent the rest of his life chasing that feeling.
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As an adult, he embedded needles into his own groin.
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29 were found lodged in his pelvis when doctors finally x-rayed him.
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He beat himself with a nail-studded paddle.
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He soaked cotton in lighter fluid, inserted it into his body, and set it on fire.
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But his own pain wasn't enough.
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He needed to hear children scream.
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Between 1924 and 1928, Fish murdered at least three children.
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He strangled them, dismembered them, cooked them.
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He even sent a letter to one victim's mother describing how he ate her 10-year-old daughter over nine days.
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Every detail, every recipe.
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Psychiatrists identified 18 different sexual abnormalities in him, more than any case in medical history.
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Fish claimed God commanded him to sacrifice children, like Abraham with Isaac.
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The jury found him insane, but they executed him anyway.
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In 1936, Fish walked to the electric chair and reportedly helped position the electrodes himself.
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His last written statement was so depraved, his own lawyer refused to release it, calling it the most filthy string of obscenities I have ever read.
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The child his mother abandoned to save money had grown into America's most disturbing killer, Henry Lee Lucas.
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His mother dressed him as a girl.
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Then she sold him.
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Henry Lee Lucas was born in 1936 in a one-room dirt floor cabin in Virginia.
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His mother, Viola, sold herself to strangers and made her son witness things no child should ever see.
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If he looked away, she beat him.
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If he cried, she beat him harder.
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But the watching wasn't the worst part.
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Viola dressed young Henry in girls' clothes, with dresses and long hair.
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She paraded him through town like that for years. But why?
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Because in this way, she could sell him to her clients. To men. To women.
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To anyone willing to pay.
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His father was a legless alcoholic who sold pencils on the street.
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He couldn't protect Henry.
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He couldn't even protect himself.
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One night, trying to escape the horror inside that cabin, he crawled outside drunk and froze to death in the snow.
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Henry was beaten constantly.
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When he was seven, his mother smashed a wooden plank across his skull.
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He spent days unconscious.
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When he was 10, his brother slashed his face with a knife.
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The wound got infected.
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His mother ignored it until a teacher accidentally struck the damaged eye.
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It burst and had to be surgically removed.
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Henry learned that he was worthless, something to be used, sold, and discarded.
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In 1960, during a Christmas visit, his mother demanded he move back home to care for her.
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They argued.
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She hit him with a broom, and he stabbed her in the neck.
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She died instantly on the floor.
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Lucas was convicted of her murder and spent years in prison.
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When authorities released him early due to overcrowding, he warned them, I'm not ready to go.
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They released him anyway.
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That same day, Lucas killed a woman within walking distance of the prison gates, his gift to the people who set him free.
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He was eventually convicted of 11 murders.
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He confessed to hundreds more, though many were later proven false.
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The truth of his body count may never be known, but one truth is certain.
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Long before Henry Lee Lucas killed anyone, his mother had already murdered the child he might have been.
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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
บทเรียนฝึกพูดระดับ B2 นี้ใช้วิดีโอ “Every Mistake Parents Made That Created Serial Killers” เป็นสื่อ คำที่ถูกพูดซ้ำบ่อยที่สุด: mother, father, Kemper, Jeffrey, Henry วิดีโอนี้มี 167 ประโยค และ 1761 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 9:35 ผู้พูดพูดเร็ว ประมาณ 184 คำต่อนาที จึงมีการเชื่อมเสียงและลดเสียงค่อนข้างมาก มีเพียง 81% ของคำที่อยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ คำศัพท์จึงค่อนข้างยาก
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ยากที่สุด 15 คำในวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| bury คำกริยา | /ˈbɛɹi/ | ฝัง |
| orphanage คำนาม | /ˈɔː(ɹ)fənɪd͡ʒ/ | บ้านเด็กกำพร้า, สถานเลี้ยงเด็กกำพร้า |
| alcoholic คำนาม | /ˌæl.kəˈhɔ.lɪk/ | ขี้เหล้า, ขี้เมา |
| execute คำกริยา | /ˈɛksɪˌkjuːt/ | ประหาร |
| whip คำนาม | /ˈwɪp/ | แส้ |
| abandon คำกริยา | /əˈbæn.dən/ | ทิ้ง, ละทิ้ง |
| echo คำนาม | /ˈɛk.oʊ/ | เสียงสะท้อน |
| rope คำนาม | /ɹoʊp/ | เชือก |
| grandmother คำนาม | /ˈɡɹæn(d)ˌmʌðɚ/ | ย่า, ยาย |
| collapse คำกริยา | /kəˈlæps/ | พัง, ถล่ม |
| depraved คำคุณศัพท์ | /dɪˈpɹeɪvd/ | เลวทราม |
| electrode คำนาม | /əˈlɛk.tɹəʊd/ | อิเล็กโทรด, ลวดเชื่อม |
| formaldehyde คำนาม | /fɔː(ɹ)ˈmældɪhaɪd/ | ฟอร์มาลดีไฮด์ |
| infect คำกริยา | /ɪnˈfɛkt/ | ติดเชื้อ |
| paddle คำนาม | /ˈpædl̩/ | ไม้พาย, พาย |
กริยาวลีที่คุณจะได้ยิน
| คำศัพท์ | ความหมาย |
|---|---|
| pick up คำกริยา | ยก, หยิบ |
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | was rehabilitated · was beaten · was whipped |
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | have existed · have ever read |
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 18 ครั้ง เช่น couldn't, wasn't, he'd ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “th”: worthless /ˈwɜːθ.ləs/, grandmother /ˈɡɹæn(d)ˌmʌðɚ/, filthy /ˈfɪlθi/
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: machinist /məˈʃiː.nɪst/, unconscious /ˌʌnˈkɑnʃəs/, smash /smæʃ/, flesh /flɛʃ/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: alcoholic /ˌæl.kəˈhɔ.lɪk/, abnormality /ˌæbˌnɔɹˈmæl.ət.i/, decapitated /dɪˈkæpɪteɪtəd/, formaldehyde /fɔː(ɹ)ˈmældɪhaɪd/, rehabilitate /ɹiː(h)əˈbɪlɪteɪt/
เสียงที่คนไทยมักออกเสียงยาก:
- เสียงท้ายคำ — ออกเสียงให้ครบ ไม่เปลี่ยนเป็นตัวสะกดแบบไทย: worthless /ˈwɜːθ.ləs/, strangle /ˈstɹæŋɡəl/, orphanage /ˈɔː(ɹ)fənɪd͡ʒ/, crawl /kɹɔːl/, collapse /kəˈlæps/
- /v/ — ไม่ใช่ /w/ ให้ฟันบนแตะริมฝีปากล่าง: convict /ˈkɑnvɪkt/, depraved /dɪˈpɹeɪvd/, pelvis /ˈpɛlvɪs/, intervene /ˌɪntəˈviːn/, retrieve /ɹɪˈtɹiːv/
- /z/ — เสียงก้อง ไม่ใช่ /s/: fuse /fjuːz/, pose /poʊz/, freeze /ˈfɹiːz/, preserve /pɹəˈzɝv/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- เริ่มที่ความเร็ว 0.75× พูดตามทีละประโยค แล้วกลับไปใช้ความเร็วปกติเมื่อเริ่มคล่อง
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง bury, orphanage, alcoholic เป็นพิเศษ
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ