ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: FAR FROM SHORE MyView Literacy Fifth Grade Unit 2 Week 1 Read Aloud
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168 ประโยค
หากประโยคสั้นหรือยาวเกินไป กดที่ Edit เพื่อปรับแก้
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Far From Home, Chronicles of an Open Ocean Voyage, by Sophie Webb My name is Sophie.
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I work as a field biologist and naturalist specializing in birds.
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Tomorrow I am going on a four -month journey to the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean, ETP, to study seabirds and marine mammals.
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I work for the Southwest Fisheries Science Center,
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a research laboratory run by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA, in California.
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The cruise's main goal is to discover what has happened to dolphins' populations that have been affected by the tuna -persane fishery.
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However, we will also observe and count all other marine mammals that we encounter, count the seabirds, my main job,
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make oceanographic measurements, and study flying fish and squid.
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As scientists, we want to understand the ecosystem as a whole, not only one part.
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The ETP, where we will work, is a huge portion of the Pacific, the world's largest ocean.
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It extends south from California to Peru and west to Hawaii and on an area of 7 .7 million square miles,
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larger than the continent of Africa.
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The open ocean, far from land, can seem lonely and empty, yet there are areas in the ETP that are full of amazing wildlife.
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Because it is so difficult to study these deep -sea animals far from shore, little is known about their natural history and ecology.
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My shipmates and I are about to embark on an incredible opportunity to explore this complex and exciting ecosystem.
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July, San Diego, California.
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I drive south from my home in Central California to San Diego.
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There I spend several days helping load scientific equipment aboard the NOAA ship MacArthur II and setting up our work areas.
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Over the flying bridge, the highest deck on the ship, the ship's crew has strung a canvas canopy to provide shade.
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We will be grateful for the shade as we head south into the sunny tropics.
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We've installed four sets of big eyes, which will be key to our observations.
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We use these enormous mounted binoculars with a 25 power magnification to scan to the horizon for marine animals
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or count distant bird flocks.
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Three computer stations with chairs are also set up.
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Two stations, one per side, are where we birders sit to collect our bird data.
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The third one, in the middle, is where the marine mammal data recorder sits.
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A bird's eye view of the flying bridge shows the location of our stations in the big eyes.
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There are 37 people on the ship.
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15 are scientists, one chief scientist, six marine mammal observers, two birders, one of them is me,
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two oceanographers, and four visiting scientists.
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The remaining 22 aboard include the captain, cooks, engineers, a variety of NOAA officers who navigate and drive the ship,
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and the deck department folks who clean and paint the ship
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and help us collect our data by driving the small boats
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and running the cranes and winches for casting nets and other equipment.
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I have worked with many of the scientists before and know most of the ship's crew well.
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I've spent almost two of the past four years living and working on the MacArthur II, so the first few days are always fun,
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catching up with others and learning what they have been doing over the months since the last trip.
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Although over the next months we will collect data on many aspects of the marine ecosystems,
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the primary focus of the trip is to find out what is happening to the population of spotted and spinner dolphins.
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The dry lab where the computers are located
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There is a wet lab as well, with two large sinks
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One with fresh water, the other with salt water
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Where the samples from net toes and other scientific activities are processed
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Why do we want to know about spotted and spinner dolphin numbers?
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There are several threats to these animals
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The primary one used to be the yellowfin tuna fishery
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In the ETP, tuna and dolphins are often found in large schools together.
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Tuna frequently are caught by a method called purse scening.
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A net is dragged to surround a tuna school, then drawn closed.
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If there are dolphins with the tuna, they are caught as well.
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In the past, tens of thousands of dolphins drowned each year in purse scenes.
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This needless loss of life caused a great outcry by the general public and scientists in the 1970s.
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Thank you.
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The result was the formation of the United States Marine Mammals Protection Act, which protects dolphins and other marine mammals in U .S waters.
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Now most marine mammals are also protected by international law.
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A graph showing how the numbers of dolphins killed in the yellowfin tuna purse scene fishery has declined.
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Currently, scientists closely monitor the tuna fishery.
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Now most tuna fishermen allow the dolphins to escape before they drown, sometimes with a swimmer in the net to help the dolphins escape.
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But dolphin populations are not recovering as quickly as predicted, and scientists don't know why.
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Does capture cause stress that lowers their survival?
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Or perhaps overfishing and pollution combined with shifts in climate may be affecting the balance of the ecosystem?
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With long -term monitoring combined with ecosystem studies, we hope to understand why these populations aren't recovering at a faster rate.
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A tuna purse senor hauls in its net.
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The yellow skiffs round up the tuna and dolphins into the net.
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As the net is drawn closed, the tuna dive down and the dolphins swim out.
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A helicopter and a manned crow's nest, a lookout platform at the top of a tall mast, are used to spot distant tuna schools.
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Bird flocks are often a clue that the fishermen look for.
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Finally, we are ready to leave San Diego.
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Before each long journey, there is always a sense of anticipation.
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What will we see this time?
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There is, however, a downside to every long trip.
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I know I will miss my home, family, and friends.
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Heading south Over the next days, we move offshore and head south to warm tropical water.
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Our route takes us south of the Hawaiian Islands.
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In a few weeks, after a month at sea, we will turn and head north to Hawaii to resupply and fuel the ship.
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The ocean color has changed since we left San Diego.
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It is a beautiful clear blue.
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I look down through the water and it seems as though I can see for miles.
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Here the water can be much more than a mile deep.
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It looks nothing like the ocean near shore off California,
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which has a murky green or brownish cast to it caused by lots of plankton and algae.
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The tropical ocean is clear because it has much less of these.
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This net, called a bongo because it looks like the drum, is used for catching small fish and plankton.
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Some creatures frequently caught in a bongo tow are pictured here, clockwise.
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A spotted larvae squid, a semi -clear larval octopus, and a krill.
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Krill are small relatives of shrimp and are an important food for whales and birds.
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Where there is food, there are animals.
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In the tropical ocean, animals tend to be found in patches where there is more plankton and algae.
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Small fish and krill eat the plankton and algae.
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Larger fish and squid eat them, and so on up the food chain to tuna and dolphins.
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One of the things we want to understand is what causes this patchiness.
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We combine our marine mammal and seabird observations with measurements of water, plankton, and algae.
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Every morning an hour before sunrise and every evening an hour after sunset,
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we collect water samples from the surface down to 1 ,000 meters to look at the water's nutrients and chlorophyll.
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These nutrients are the building blocks of the ocean food chain.
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In the evening, we also deploy nets to determine the amount and types of plankton at different depths.
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We use dip nets to catch flying fish and squid.
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All this information helps us have a more complete picture of the ecosystem of the tropical ocean.
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A graph of water sampling shows measurements of oxygen,
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temperature, and salinity, salt, in the water from the surface to 1 ,000 meters, 3 ,000 feet.
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As one follows the graph from 1 ,000 meters to the surface, note the drastic changes of depth of about 100 meters.
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Oxygen and temperature increases sharply as the salinity decreases.
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This is where two different water masses meet and is called the thermocline.
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A thermocline that is strong and close to the surface, 50 to 100 meters,
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can indicate a highly productive area where we might find not only a large amount of algae and plankton,
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but also animals much higher in the food chain, such as tuna and dolphin.
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A Day Offshore The day dawns clear and calm, absolutely beautiful.
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The seas are glassy, Beaufort O, a nautical scale that assigns numbers based on wind speed and waves.
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Observations start just after dawn, when there is enough light to see out to the horizon.
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Everyone is ready on the flying bridge.
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Cornelia, a German marine mammal biologist, and Ernesto, a Mexican marine mammal biologist,
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stand on each side of the flying bridge to scan with the big eyes for marine mammals.
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Jim, an American marine mammal biologist, sits in the middle at data computer.
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I sit with handheld binoculars on either the port left or the starboard right side,
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depending on where I can avoid the sun's glare to scan for birds.
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At Beaufort Zero, the ocean is glassy calm.
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One can see for miles.
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The pink and violet sunrise reflects on the still water.
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It's time to start looking for critters.
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It is ten minutes past sunrise, and the light is good.
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We start to travel along a set course, what scientists call a transect.
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Soon after we start, Cornelia yells, DOLPHINS!
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Ball scanning stops and everyone focuses on Cornelia's sighting.
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Cornelia scans out to the horizon, looking through the big eyes.
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What Cornelia sees through the big eyes.
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She swings the big eyes in the direction of the dolphins.
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Using her handheld radio, Cornelia calls the captain on the bridge deck below us, where the ship's steering controls are located.
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Bridge!
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Flying bridge!
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We have dolphins, she says.
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Please turn 20 degrees to the left.
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Over.
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The ship turns.
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At first, all we see are several dorsal fins around the log.
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We approach the dolphins slowly.
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One brown booby and four Nazca boobies rest on a log surrounded by dolphins.
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Boobies are often seen far out at sea, resting on any available floating object, including ships and sea turtles.
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Finally, we see odd sloped foreheads and long beaks.
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They are rough -toothed dolphins.
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This species is found in many oceans.
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Although relatively common, little is known of their natural history due to their deep ocean habitat.
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All creatures that inhabit the deep oceans are difficult to study.
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What I imagine it looks like below the log, Frequently, rough -toothed dolphins investigate logs,
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feeding on the fish that hide in the seaweed growing on the log.
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Many different animals are attracted to the habitat the log creates.
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Rough -toothed dolphins specialize in eating large fish such as the mahi -mahi.
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The water is so clear, I see subtle markings on the dolphins as they swim by.
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All dolphins are odontocetes, toothed whales.
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Odontocetes also include porpoises, the little -known beaked whales, killer whales, and sperm whales.
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There is a great variation in size from the tiny harbor purpose
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that measures 1 .2 meters to the 18 .5 meter male sperm whale.
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We complete the rough -toothed dolphin count.
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There are 12 in the group and no calves, babies.
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Marine mammal biologists always note the presence or absence of calves
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and immature animals to gain clues about when and where the dolphins reproduce.
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We leave the dolphins by their log and continue on our course.
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The day becomes progressively warmer.
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The air is still.
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Everyone is sleepy.
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The ship drones on along the transit line.
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We see no more marine mammals now, but birds occasionally fly by, such as the Sparrow -sized Palapagos storm patrol.
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I record birds up to 300 meters, 630 feet, on one side of the ship.
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Even when there are few birds, I have to stay focused and alert.
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I don't want to miss any of them in my count.
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Galapagos storm patrols are found far out at sea feeding on small crustaceans, halibuts, the only marine insect,
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fish, and jellyfish at the ocean's surface.
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They breed on the remote and protected Galapagos Islands, which have few predators.
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Their populations at the moment appear to be stable.
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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
บทเรียนฝึกพูดนี้ใช้วิดีโอ “FAR FROM SHORE MyView Literacy Fifth Grade Unit 2 Week 1 Read Aloud” เป็นสื่อ คำที่ถูกพูดซ้ำบ่อยที่สุด: dolphin, marine, tuna, mammal, ocean วิดีโอนี้มี 168 ประโยค และ 2103 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 14:29 ผู้พูดพูดด้วยความเร็วสม่ำเสมอ ประมาณ 145 คำต่อนาที เหมาะกับการฝึกพูดตาม มีเพียง 75% ของคำที่อยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ คำศัพท์จึงค่อนข้างยาก
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ควรเรียนรู้ 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| dolphin คำนาม | /ˈdɑlf.ɪn/ | โลมา, ปลาโลมา |
| tuna คำนาม | /ˈtjuː.nə/ | ทูน่า, โอ |
| meter คำนาม | /ˈmitəɹ/ | มิเตอร์ |
| whale คำนาม | /ˈweɪl/ | วาฬ, ปลาวาฬ |
| ecosystem คำนาม | /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/ | ระบบนิเวศ |
| tooth คำนาม | /tuθ/ | ฟัน, เฟือง |
| collect คำกริยา | /ˈkɑlɪkt/ | เก็บ, สะสม |
| purse คำนาม | /pɚs/ | กระเป๋า |
| deck คำนาม | /ˈdɛk/ | ดาดฟ้า |
| observation คำนาม | /ˌɑbzɚˈveɪʃn̩/ | การสังเกต |
| horizon คำนาม | /həˈɹaɪ.zən/ | ขอบฟ้า |
| graph คำนาม | /ɡɹæf/ | กราฟ |
| sunrise คำนาม | /ˈsʌnɹaɪz/ | ตะวันขึ้น, อรุณ |
| monitor คำนาม | /ˈmɑ.nɪ.tɚ/ | จอภาพ, หน้าจอ |
| shore คำนาม | /ʃɔɹ/ | ฝั่ง, ชายฝั่ง |
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | have been affected · is known · are also set |
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | has happened · We've installed · have worked |
| Relative clauses who / which + อนุประโยค — ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคนหรือสิ่งของ | eyes, which will · Islands, which have |
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 5 ครั้ง เช่น don't, aren't, I've ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: observation /ˌɑbzɚˈveɪʃn̩/, measurement /ˈmɛʒ.ə.mənt/, shore /ʃɔɹ/, shade /ʃeɪd/, offshore /ɒfˈʃɔː(ɹ)/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/, occasionally /əˈkeɪʒənəli/, investigate /ɪnˈvɛs.tə.ɡeɪt/, laboratory /ˈlæb(ə)ɹəˌtɔɹi/, helicopter /ˈheliːˌkɔptə(ɹ)/
เสียงที่คนไทยมักออกเสียงยาก:
- เสียงท้ายคำ — ออกเสียงให้ครบ ไม่เปลี่ยนเป็นตัวสะกดแบบไทย: whale /ˈweɪl/, tropical /ˈtɹɑ.pɪ.kəl/, tooth /tuθ/, purse /pɚs/, graph /ɡɹæf/
- /v/ — ไม่ใช่ /w/ ให้ฟันบนแตะริมฝีปากล่าง: observation /ˌɑbzɚˈveɪʃn̩/, recover /ɹɪˈkʌvɚ/, relative /ˈɹɛl.ə.tɪv/, discover /dɪˈskʌvə/, survival /sɚˈvaɪ.vəl/
- /z/ — เสียงก้อง ไม่ใช่ /s/: observation /ˌɑbzɚˈveɪʃn̩/, horizon /həˈɹaɪ.zən/, sunrise /ˈsʌnɹaɪz/, transit /ˈtɹæn.zɪt/, observe /əbˈzɜːv/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- พูดตามทีละประโยคด้วยความเร็วปกติ ทำซ้ำแต่ละประโยคจนจังหวะของคุณตรงกับผู้พูด
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง dolphin, tuna, meter เป็นพิเศษ
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ