ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: Geography Now! Cambodia
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174 ประโยค
หากประโยคสั้นหรือยาวเกินไป กดที่ Edit เพื่อปรับแก้
1
Hey Geograpeeps, so this episode is gonna have some bad audio because I'm currently in my parents basement filming this, not at the YouTube space.
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And the microphone we typically use doesn't fit into the audio jack in my camera.
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So, um, just bear with me and we're gonna basically go back to the quality of Afghanistan.
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It's time to learn geography now!
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Hey everybody, I'm your host Barbie.
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This is our first country with the letter C, Cambodia
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and basically Cambodia had a relatively normal life until four really messed up years kinda ruined everything for them.
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But before we talk about that, let's dissect the flag.
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The flag is pretty simple and conveniently symbolic.
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There are three bands, two blue on the top and bottom, and red in the middle.
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In the center you have a picture of the Temple of Angkor Wat, the symbolic country defining icon of Cambodia.
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Blue is a traditional color of royalty and red represents the Cambodian people.
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The white of Angkor Wat symbolizes the spirituality of Cambodia as it is a heavily Buddhist nation.
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Keep in mind, this was actually the original flag from 1948 before a lot of crazy stuff happened.
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A bunch of other flags ensued until they finally came back to this one.
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Alright, now let's talk about all that craziness, shall we?
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Eh, no clever anecdote.
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Let's jump into it this time.
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Cambodia is located in Southeast Asia, bordered by Thailand to the west, Laos to the north, and Vietnam to the east,
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and the Bay of Thailand to the south.
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The country is divided into 25 provinces and the capital is Phnom Penh.
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That's right people, it's pronounced Phnom Penh, not Phnom or Nam Penh.
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Phnom Penh, formerly named Chakdomewk, is actually very conveniently located in the country because it's where the Mekong, the Lower Mekong, the Basak,
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and Sop rivers all converge into one point.
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This is also where the royal family lives and is a bustling city overtaken by mopeds,
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bicycles, and roads with no stop signs making traffic a free -for -all.
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Should I say no?
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Should I say no?
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Wait, who cares?
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Good luck everybody else!
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Off the coasts, without including the small islets and rocks, Cambodia has over 80 main islands that they have sovereignty over,
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most of which are close to the coast, easily accessible.
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Some you can even see from beaches like
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Snake Island, visible from the interestingly named Hawaii Beach.
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The furthest of these islands and the southernmost point of Cambodia is the Kōpō Luwai Islands, which were originally just used for military bases,
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but are now open to the public for tourists.
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Now, for the longest time, Cambodia was actually split kind of east and west by the Mekong River,
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and the only way to get across was either by ferry or to fly.
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In 2001, they opened their first bridge across the Mekong River, the Kizuna Bridge, funded by the Japanese government,
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and finally, it joined the two parts of Cambodia by road for the first time.
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Since then, three more have been built, and more are projected to come in the future.
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Now, of course, when going to Cambodia, the landmark that pops up into everybody's mind immediately is Angkor Wat, the ancient ruins of the Khmer Empire.
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The town nearby, Singrip, actually has an international airport,
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so you can just fly over there rather than go to Phnom Penh and then take a bus,
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which, by the way, is not really advised because things get a little shady in the rural areas, we'll explain more about that in the demographics.
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Just keep walking, Bob, you didn't see nothing here.
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Now, if you look at Angkor Wat,
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you'll not only notice the stunningly enticing view of botanically dominated temples and pagodas that have trees growing out of them,
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but you'll also notice that it has these perfectly straight geometric moats and reservoirs adjacent to the ruins.
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These were cleverly constructed by the Empire to aid irrigation
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and in return feed an entire city that is speculated to have the largest pre -industrial metropolis in Asia during that time.
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Otherwise, most areas in Cambodia have villages that function in a subtropical developing way, heavily based on the environment.
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Now, let's discuss that environment.
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Now, this is where things get really colorful, because Cambodia is kind of like a landscape marvel.
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The country is generally characterized as having a low -lying central plain with hilly and light mountainous regions in the southwest,
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and especially in the border by Vietnam.
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In this country, rivers are everywhere, and in the top middle corner you can find Tonle Sap,
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which is the largest freshwater lake in all of Southeast Asia.
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Tonle Sap expands dramatically in the wet season and is home to an enormous cluster of biodiversity, including over 200 species of freshwater fish,
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like the giant barb fish, the national fish of Cambodia, that can reach lengths up to 3 meters long.
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In yo face, Japan, with your yellow fish tuna?
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This is how we roll in Cambodia!
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Now, of course, one of the best things about Cambodia would have to be the food.
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The World Rice Conference actually voted Cambodia as having the best rice in the world three years in a row.
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And here's possibly one of the reasons why.
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Like many other third world countries, the good thing is that the food is mostly fresh and organic, partially because most people can't afford pesticides.
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Therefore, almost every time you get a wholesome pure batch of produce.
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Now, although fish is the main source of protein that's consumed, the majority of Cambodians are entomophagous, or people who consume insects in their diet.
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Insects are actually very nutritious, low in fat and carbs,
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and high in protein, and can be sold at same weight for the fraction of the price
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that the mainstream meats would cost for, like beef and chicken.
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Now, despite the fresh food, Cambodia's economy is actually more heavily dependent on textiles and footwear.
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Just look at the tag on your shirt.
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It might just be from Cambodia.
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Not on our watch!
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As well as tourism.
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Hey Janice, I found that ink for - Wah!
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Wah!
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Wah!
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Wah!
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Cambodia still maintains and facilitates elephant sanctuaries for the majestic Asian elephant,
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almost revered in some parts as keepers take great care of them as a source of their livelihood.
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Especially when tourists come and kind of want to ride them.
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Hey Janice, I'm riding an elephant!
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What?
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Now, here's the sad thing.
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Because of its brutal past that we'll discuss in the next section, UNESCO has actually listed Cambodia as the third most landmine country in the world,
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with about 4 million landmines that still need to be cleared out from the area.
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Now, because of this, Cambodia actually has the highest per capita percentage of amputees in the world.
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Each month, there are about 300 to 700 new amputations due to landmine injuries.
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The country is slowly trying to fix this problem, but for the time being, the plausible threat still lingers, especially in rural secluded areas.
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Now let's explain more about how this came to be in...
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Okay, first off, let's distinguish a few confusing nuances that people seem to have with Cambodia's demographical titles.
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Now, it's perfectly acceptable to refer to somebody in Cambodia as a Cambodian,
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and although the term Cambodian is kind of a universally interchangeable term to refer to the Cambodian ethnicity,
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the technically correct term to refer to the Cambodian ethnicity would be Khmer.
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Yeah, that's right, all this time you thought it was Khmer, right?
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No, it's Khmer.
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The R is silent and the E is an I.
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The Cambodian language is also called Khmer as well as the script and the culture.
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Speaking of which, people who speak Khmer can understand a little bit of Thai
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and Lao as the languages have piggybacked off of each other for centuries.
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Most Khmer people can understand about a quarter to a third of the Thai and Lao languages if they listen really hard.
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The problem is, unlike Khmer, Thai and Lao are actually tonal languages whereas Khmer isn't.
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So it can be a little confusing but overall it's like a code game when they talk to each other.
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Vietnamese though is completely unintelligible to them.
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That being said, Cambodia has about 15 .5 million people, the vast majority, around 90 % are ethnically Khmer, about 5 % are Vietnamese,
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1 % Chinese, and the remainder come from various people groups.
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About 95 % of the country is Buddhist, adhering to the Theravada branch of Buddhism, and Islam and Christianity make up about 2 % each,
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with the remaining 1 % being other affiliations.
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Now in order to understand Cambodia, you kind of have to understand where it came from and how it got to where it is today.
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You know how I do things.
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I'm gonna summarize this in the quickest way I can.
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Kingdom, protectorate, occupied, kingdom, republic, really bad dictatorship, Vietnamese puppet, transitional state, and finally monarchy all over again.
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The really bad dictatorship was the Communist Party, the Khmer Rouge.
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They took over in the 70s and killed around one -fifth of Cambodia's population, approximately 1 .5 to 3 million people.
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The victims were mostly educated people that were deemed a threat to the regime, as well as priests and monks,
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as the Marxist -influenced ideologies of Pol Pot instituted and forced a secular state that opposed and outlawed all types of religion.
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Books were burned, temples and churches were ransacked.
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So essentially, that explains why today, about half of the population is about 15 and under.
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The genocide of the 70s effectively cut off an entire generation,
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and those left would eventually have an explosion of children outnumbering themselves within a few decades.
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Speaking of which, Cambodia is the only country in Asia that has a king of part French descent,
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and he's also the only monarch in Asia that speaks Czech fluently.
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Culture -wise, Cambodia really sticks out.
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A lot of the customs are heavily influenced by Theravada Buddhism and traditional Khmer rituals.
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As a classified third -world country, Cambodians live off of an average salary of $2 .60 a day.
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One thing you have to understand is that, like many other countries in Southeast Asia, Cambodians are masters of vocational improvisation.
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Since the economy is highly unregulated, working in Cambodia is kind of like a free -for -all.
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When it comes to money, you can pretty much be and do anything you want.
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This can be a good and a bad thing because it allows Cambodians to innovate on all sorts of hustling.
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For example, you can start your own street corner gas station.
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All you need is a steel drum and an air compressor.
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Heck, you can't even sell gas in used pop bottles.
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And for the record, Geograpeeps, yes, I grew up in the Midwest.
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I call it pop.
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I refuse to call it soda.
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Don't even get soda.
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No, I refuse to call it that.
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However, the downside is that it also opens up the door for a lot of controversial underground corrupt industries.
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Cambodia has some of the highest rates of human trafficking in the world, including the trafficking of.. children.
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It's sad, but it has to be addressed because it's true, and it can't be glossed over.
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For a third world country where poverty is quite rampant, Cambodians may have to hustle, but they are surprisingly thrifty as well.
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After the monarchy was re -established, the government encouraged people to move back to abandoned towns by offering them free homes.
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These are typically used to operate small businesses like grocery stores, restaurants, and moped repair shops, and so on.
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Cambodia has dealt with a lot in the past half century and is trying to grow, and sometimes to grow, you need a little help from.
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Have you ever had a friend that you realized would soon become a really terrible roommate?
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Yeah, that's kind of situation that Cambodia got itself in.
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Although relations are generally okay today, Cambodia does essentially have a little bit of historical beef with its neighbors Thailand and Vietnam.
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Historically, Thailand used to be the arch enemy of Cambodia
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and went through a number of conquests to rule over the entire area.
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To this day, they still have few disputes over the Praia Fihar province.
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I hope I pronounced that right, probably not.
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And about 10 years ago, riots broke out and flags and embassies were burned down as a Thai actress claimed that Angkor Wat belonged to Thailand.
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Vietnam was kind of like the ulterior motive friend who kept saying, Hey, I'll protect you and in return, I'll just kind of control over you.
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Cool?
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France still has relatively good ties with Cambodia and not only has bilateral agreements and embassies, but also helps out with internal development.
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Many schools and universities are funded by the French and are instructed in French as well.
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However, due to the tourism sector, Cambodians are favoring English more as a second language rather than French.
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But they still teach it there.
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In terms of their best friends, however, Cambodia would actually probably say
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China, Japan, and South Korea.
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All three of these countries invest the heaviest in the country's infrastructure, and they have helped build roads, buildings, malls, and business centers all over.
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Large flocks of Koreans and Japanese regularly visit Cambodia for vacation and are welcomed with open arms.
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In conclusion, Cambodia is a very vibrant, colorful nation that had a really bad punch to the gut in the 70s,
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but they didn't throw in the towel just yet, and they're just starting to get their breath back, stand up, and get ready for another round.
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Stay tuned, Cameroon is coming up next.
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Hey Geograpeaves, if you'd like to learn a little bit more about Cambodia, check out Seeker Daily's video.
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Just click on this box right here.
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Here's a little click.
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Cambodia's population is now over 15 million, nearly two -thirds of which are second or third generation from Khmer Rouge survivors.
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With the old and new generations rising up from their history of unrest, what's it like living in Cambodia today?
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Well, first, the aftermath of Khmer Rouge left an obvious imbalance in socioeconomic classes.
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The regime forced many city residents out into the rural areas, leaving only a few still in the city.
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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
บทเรียนฝึกพูดนี้ใช้วิดีโอ “Geography Now! Cambodia” เป็นสื่อ คำที่ถูกพูดซ้ำบ่อยที่สุด: Cambodia, Khmer, Cambodian วิดีโอนี้มี 174 ประโยค และ 2389 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 11:15 ผู้พูดพูดเร็ว ประมาณ 212 คำต่อนาที จึงมีการเชื่อมเสียงและลดเสียงค่อนข้างมาก มีเพียง 77% ของคำที่อยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ คำศัพท์จึงค่อนข้างยาก
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ควรเรียนรู้ 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| elephant คำนาม | /ˈɛlɪfənt/ | ช้าง, คชสาร |
| temple คำนาม | /ˈtɛm.pl̩/ | วัด |
| refuse คำกริยา | /ɹɪˈfjuːz/ | ปฏิเสธ |
| regime คำนาม | /ɹəˈʒiːm/ | ระบอบ, ระบอบการปกครอง |
| tourism คำนาม | /ˈtʊɹɪzəm/ | การท่องเที่ยว |
| embassy คำนาม | /ˈɛmbəsi/ | สถานทูต, สถานเอกอัครราชทูต |
| soda คำนาม | /ˈsoʊdə/ | โซดา |
| consume คำกริยา | /kənˈsum/ | อุปโภค, ใช้ |
| insect คำนาม | /ˈɪn.sɛkt/ | แมลง |
| ethnicity คำนาม | /ɛθˈnɪsɪti/ | ชาติพันธุ์, เชื้อชาติ |
| monarchy คำนาม | /ˈmɑnɚki/ | ราชาธิปไตย |
| dictatorship คำนาม | /ˈdɪkteɪtəɹʃɪp/ | ระบอบเผด็จการ |
| vast คำคุณศัพท์ | /væst/ | ว้างเวิ้ง, ไพศาล |
| percentage คำนาม | /pə(ɹ)ˈsɛntɪd͡ʒ/ | อัตราร้อยละ |
| province คำนาม | /ˈpɹɔv.ɪns/ | จังหวัด, แขวง |
กริยาวลีที่คุณจะได้ยิน
| คำศัพท์ | ความหมาย |
|---|---|
| break out คำกริยา | แหก |
ประโยคที่ควรฝึกพูดซ้ำ
ประโยคสั้น ๆ ที่สมบูรณ์จากวิดีโอ ซึ่งนำไปใช้ในบทสนทนาประจำวันได้:
- Alright, now let's talk about all that craziness, shall we?
- Let's jump into it this time.
- Should I say no?
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | is located · is divided · was actually split |
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | have been built · has actually listed · have piggybacked |
| Relative clauses who / which + อนุประโยค — ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคนหรือสิ่งของ | Islands, which were · people who consume · people who speak |
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 25 ครั้ง เช่น I'm, can't, gonna ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “th”: ethnicity /ɛθˈnɪsɪti/, southwest /saʊθˈwɛst/, aftermath /ˈæf.tɚˌmæθ/
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, regime /ɹəˈʒiːm/, dictatorship /ˈdɪkteɪtəɹʃɪp/, freshwater /ˈfɹɛʃˌwɔːtə(ɹ)/, conclusion /kənˈkluːʒən/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, ethnicity /ɛθˈnɪsɪti/, dictatorship /ˈdɪkteɪtəɹʃɪp/, conveniently /kənˈvinjəntli/, infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/
เสียงที่คนไทยมักออกเสียงยาก:
- เสียงท้ายคำ — ออกเสียงให้ครบ ไม่เปลี่ยนเป็นตัวสะกดแบบไทย: refuse /ɹɪˈfjuːz/, beef /bif/, confuse /kənˈfjuːz/, pronounce /pɹəˈnaʊns/, percentage /pə(ɹ)ˈsɛntɪd͡ʒ/
- /v/ — ไม่ใช่ /w/ ให้ฟันบนแตะริมฝีปากล่าง: conveniently /kənˈvinjəntli/, vast /væst/, province /ˈpɹɔv.ɪns/, poverty /ˈpɑːvɚti/, vacation /veɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/
- /z/ — เสียงก้อง ไม่ใช่ /s/: refuse /ɹɪˈfjuːz/, tourism /ˈtʊɹɪzəm/, confuse /kənˈfjuːz/, whereas /(h)wɛɹˈæz/, visible /ˈvɪzɪb(ə)l/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- เริ่มที่ความเร็ว 0.75× พูดตามทีละประโยค แล้วกลับไปใช้ความเร็วปกติเมื่อเริ่มคล่อง
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง elephant, temple, refuse เป็นพิเศษ
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ