跟讀練習: Geography Now! Cambodia - 通過影片學習英語口語
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174 句
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1
Hey Geograpeeps, so this episode is gonna have some bad audio because I'm currently in my parents basement filming this, not at the YouTube space.
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And the microphone we typically use doesn't fit into the audio jack in my camera.
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So, um, just bear with me and we're gonna basically go back to the quality of Afghanistan.
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It's time to learn geography now!
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Hey everybody, I'm your host Barbie.
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This is our first country with the letter C, Cambodia
這是我們第一個以字母C開頭的國家——柬埔寨。
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and basically Cambodia had a relatively normal life until four really messed up years kinda ruined everything for them.
基本上，柬埔寨原本過著相對正常的生活，直到那四年混亂不堪的歲月徹底毀掉了一切。
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But before we talk about that, let's dissect the flag.
但在我們討論那一點之前，讓我們先剖析一下這面旗幟。
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The flag is pretty simple and conveniently symbolic.
這面旗幟設計相當簡潔，象徵意義也很直觀。
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There are three bands, two blue on the top and bottom, and red in the middle.
共有三條色帶，上下兩條為藍色，中間一條為紅色。
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In the center you have a picture of the Temple of Angkor Wat, the symbolic country defining icon of Cambodia.
中間是吳哥窟的圖案，它是柬埔寨的標誌性國家象徵。
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Blue is a traditional color of royalty and red represents the Cambodian people.
藍色是王室的傳統顏色，紅色則代表柬埔寨人民。
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The white of Angkor Wat symbolizes the spirituality of Cambodia as it is a heavily Buddhist nation.
吳哥窟的白色象徵著柬埔寨的精神核心，因為柬埔寨是一個佛教盛行的國家。
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Keep in mind, this was actually the original flag from 1948 before a lot of crazy stuff happened.
請記住，這其實是1948年的原始旗幟，當時還沒發生那麼多混亂的事。
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A bunch of other flags ensued until they finally came back to this one.
之後又出現了一堆其他的方案，直到他們最終又回到了這個方案上。
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Alright, now let's talk about all that craziness, shall we?
好了，現在我們來聊聊那些亂七八糟的事，怎麼樣？
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Eh, no clever anecdote.
哎，沒什麼巧妙的趣聞。
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Let's jump into it this time.
這次我們直接開始吧。
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Cambodia is located in Southeast Asia, bordered by Thailand to the west, Laos to the north, and Vietnam to the east,
柬埔寨位於東南亞，西部與泰國接壤，北部與寮國交界，東部與越南相鄰。
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and the Bay of Thailand to the south.
南部瀕臨泰國灣。
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The country is divided into 25 provinces and the capital is Phnom Penh.
該國劃分為25個省，首都為金邊。
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That's right people, it's pronounced Phnom Penh, not Phnom or Nam Penh.
各位，沒錯，它的發音是金邊，不是“普農”或者“南金邊”。
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Phnom Penh, formerly named Chakdomewk, is actually very conveniently located in the country because it's where the Mekong, the Lower Mekong, the Basak,
金邊，舊稱查多莫克，其地理位置在柬埔寨國內其實十分便利，因為它坐落於湄公河、下湄公河、巴薩河的交匯處。
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and Sop rivers all converge into one point.
索普河等多條河流在此匯聚於一點。
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This is also where the royal family lives and is a bustling city overtaken by mopeds,
這裡也是王室的居所，是一座滿是輕便摩托車的繁華都市。
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bicycles, and roads with no stop signs making traffic a free -for -all.
到處都是腳踏車，道路上也沒有停車標誌，交通狀況完全混亂無序。
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Should I say no?
我該拒絕嗎？
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Should I say no?
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Wait, who cares?
等等，誰在乎啊？
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Good luck everybody else!
祝大家好運！
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Off the coasts, without including the small islets and rocks, Cambodia has over 80 main islands that they have sovereignty over,
在沿海地區，不包括小島和岩礁，柬埔寨擁有主權的主要島嶼超過80個。
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most of which are close to the coast, easily accessible.
其中大部分都靠近海岸，交通便利。
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Some you can even see from beaches like
有些甚至可以從海灘上看到，比如
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Snake Island, visible from the interestingly named Hawaii Beach.
從名字頗為有趣的夏威夷海灘就能看到蛇島。
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The furthest of these islands and the southernmost point of Cambodia is the Kōpō Luwai Islands, which were originally just used for military bases,
這些島嶼中最遠的、同時也是柬埔寨最南端的是科波盧外群島，這些島嶼最初僅被用作軍事基地。
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but are now open to the public for tourists.
但如今已向遊客開放。
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Now, for the longest time, Cambodia was actually split kind of east and west by the Mekong River,
長期以來，柬埔寨實際上一直被湄公河大致分為東西兩部分。
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and the only way to get across was either by ferry or to fly.
唯一的通行方式要麼是坐渡輪，要麼是坐飛機。
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In 2001, they opened their first bridge across the Mekong River, the Kizuna Bridge, funded by the Japanese government,
2001年，他們在湄公河上建成了第一座橋梁——由日本政府出資的友誼橋（Kizuna Bridge）。
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and finally, it joined the two parts of Cambodia by road for the first time.
最終，它首次通過公路將柬埔寨的兩部分連線起來。
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Since then, three more have been built, and more are projected to come in the future.
此後，又建成了三座，未來還計劃建造更多。
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Now, of course, when going to Cambodia, the landmark that pops up into everybody's mind immediately is Angkor Wat, the ancient ruins of the Khmer Empire.
當然，現在一提到去柬埔寨，大家腦海裡立刻浮現的地標就是吳哥窟，那是高棉帝國的古老遺址。
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The town nearby, Singrip, actually has an international airport,
附近的辛格利普鎮實際上有一座國際機場。
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so you can just fly over there rather than go to Phnom Penh and then take a bus,
這樣你就可以直接飛過去，不用先去金邊再坐巴士了。
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which, by the way, is not really advised because things get a little shady in the rural areas, we'll explain more about that in the demographics.
順便說一句，其實不太建議這麼做，因為農村地區的情況會有些複雜，我們會在人口統計部分詳細說明這一點。
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Just keep walking, Bob, you didn't see nothing here.
接著走就好，鮑勃，你什麼都沒看見。
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Now, if you look at Angkor Wat,
現在，如果你觀察吳哥窟，
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you'll not only notice the stunningly enticing view of botanically dominated temples and pagodas that have trees growing out of them,
你不僅會看到那些被植物覆蓋、樹木從建築中生長出來的寺廟與佛塔所呈現的絕美迷人景緻，
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but you'll also notice that it has these perfectly straight geometric moats and reservoirs adjacent to the ruins.
但你也會注意到，遺址旁邊有這些筆直規整的幾何形護城河和蓄水池。
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These were cleverly constructed by the Empire to aid irrigation
這些是帝國精心建造以輔助灌溉的設施。
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and in return feed an entire city that is speculated to have the largest pre -industrial metropolis in Asia during that time.
作為回報，它供養了整座城市，據推測這座城市是當時亞洲最大的前工業時代大都市。
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Otherwise, most areas in Cambodia have villages that function in a subtropical developing way, heavily based on the environment.
除此之外，柬埔寨大部分地區的村莊都以亞熱帶發展模式執行，高度依賴自然環境。
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Now, let's discuss that environment.
現在，我們來討論一下那個環境。
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Now, this is where things get really colorful, because Cambodia is kind of like a landscape marvel.
接下來，這裡的景象就變得格外豐富多彩了，因為柬埔寨算得上是一處地貌奇觀。
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The country is generally characterized as having a low -lying central plain with hilly and light mountainous regions in the southwest,
該國的整體地形特徵為中部是低窪平原，西南部則分佈著丘陵和低山地帶。
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and especially in the border by Vietnam.
尤其是在與越南接壤的邊境地區。
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In this country, rivers are everywhere, and in the top middle corner you can find Tonle Sap,
這個國家河流密佈，在其正上方的中部角落，你可以找到洞裡薩湖。
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which is the largest freshwater lake in all of Southeast Asia.
東南亞最大的淡水湖是哪一個？
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Tonle Sap expands dramatically in the wet season and is home to an enormous cluster of biodiversity, including over 200 species of freshwater fish,
洞裡薩湖在雨季時面積會大幅擴張，這裡孕育著極為豐富的生物多樣性，擁有超過200種淡水魚類。
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like the giant barb fish, the national fish of Cambodia, that can reach lengths up to 3 meters long.
比如柬埔寨的國魚巨暹羅鯉，它的體長可達3米。
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In yo face, Japan, with your yellow fish tuna?
日本，帶著你那黃鰭金槍魚，來打我啊？
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This is how we roll in Cambodia!
我們在柬埔寨就是這麼玩的！
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Now, of course, one of the best things about Cambodia would have to be the food.
當然，說到柬埔寨最棒的地方，美食絕對是其中之一。
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The World Rice Conference actually voted Cambodia as having the best rice in the world three years in a row.
世界大米會議實際上連續三年將柬埔寨大米評選為全球最佳大米。
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And here's possibly one of the reasons why.
而這可能就是其中一個原因。
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Like many other third world countries, the good thing is that the food is mostly fresh and organic, partially because most people can't afford pesticides.
和許多其他第三世界國家一樣，這裡的食物大多新鮮有機，這是好事，部分原因是大多數人買不起農藥。
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Therefore, almost every time you get a wholesome pure batch of produce.
因此，幾乎每次你收到的都是一批完好、純淨的農產品。
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Now, although fish is the main source of protein that's consumed, the majority of Cambodians are entomophagous, or people who consume insects in their diet.
如今，儘管魚類是蛋白質的主要攝入來源，但大多數柬埔寨人都有食用昆蟲的習慣，也就是所謂的食蟲者。
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Insects are actually very nutritious, low in fat and carbs,
昆蟲實際上營養豐富，脂肪和碳水化合物含量低。
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and high in protein, and can be sold at same weight for the fraction of the price
而且蛋白質含量高，相同重量的售價卻僅為其一小部分
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that the mainstream meats would cost for, like beef and chicken.
比如牛肉和雞肉這類主流肉類的價格。
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Now, despite the fresh food, Cambodia's economy is actually more heavily dependent on textiles and footwear.
如今，儘管食品供應新鮮，但柬埔寨的經濟實際上更依賴紡織業和製鞋業。
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Just look at the tag on your shirt.
你看看你襯衫上的標籤就知道了。
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It might just be from Cambodia.
它可能產自柬埔寨。
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Not on our watch!
我們絕不會坐視不管！
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As well as tourism.
還有旅遊業。
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Hey Janice, I found that ink for - Wah!
嘿，賈妮絲，我找到那瓶墨水了——哇！
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Wah!
哇！
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Wah!
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Wah!
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Cambodia still maintains and facilitates elephant sanctuaries for the majestic Asian elephant,
柬埔寨仍在為雄偉的亞洲象維護並提供便利的大象保護區。
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almost revered in some parts as keepers take great care of them as a source of their livelihood.
在一些地區，它們幾乎受到尊崇，因為飼養者將它們視為生計來源，對其悉心照料。
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Especially when tourists come and kind of want to ride them.
尤其是當遊客過來想騎它們的時候。
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Hey Janice, I'm riding an elephant!
嘿，賈妮絲，我正在騎大象！
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What?
什麼？
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Now, here's the sad thing.
現在，令人難過的是。
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Because of its brutal past that we'll discuss in the next section, UNESCO has actually listed Cambodia as the third most landmine country in the world,
由於其我們將在下一節討論的殘酷歷史，聯合國教科文組織實際上將柬埔寨列為全球地雷問題最嚴重的第三個國家。
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with about 4 million landmines that still need to be cleared out from the area.
該地區仍有約400萬枚地雷有待清除。
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Now, because of this, Cambodia actually has the highest per capita percentage of amputees in the world.
正因如此，柬埔寨實際上是全球截肢者人均佔比最高的國家。
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Each month, there are about 300 to 700 new amputations due to landmine injuries.
每個月約有300至700例因地雷傷害導致的新增截肢手術。
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The country is slowly trying to fix this problem, but for the time being, the plausible threat still lingers, especially in rural secluded areas.
該國正在逐步嘗試解決這一問題，但就目前而言，這一潛在威脅依然存在，尤其是在偏遠的農村地區。
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Now let's explain more about how this came to be in...
現在我們來進一步說明這一切是如何形成的……
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Okay, first off, let's distinguish a few confusing nuances that people seem to have with Cambodia's demographical titles.
好的，首先我們先來釐清大家對柬埔寨人口稱謂存在的幾個容易混淆的細微差別。
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Now, it's perfectly acceptable to refer to somebody in Cambodia as a Cambodian,
現在，在柬埔寨稱呼某人為柬埔寨人是完全可以接受的。
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and although the term Cambodian is kind of a universally interchangeable term to refer to the Cambodian ethnicity,
儘管“柬埔寨人”這個詞在普遍意義上是指代柬埔寨族群的通用說法，
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the technically correct term to refer to the Cambodian ethnicity would be Khmer.
從專業術語角度來說，指代柬埔寨族群的正確稱謂是高棉人。
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Yeah, that's right, all this time you thought it was Khmer, right?
對，沒錯，你一直以來都以為這是高棉語，是吧？
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No, it's Khmer.
不，這是高棉語。
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The R is silent and the E is an I.
R 不發音，E 發 I 的音。
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The Cambodian language is also called Khmer as well as the script and the culture.
柬埔寨語也被稱為高棉語，高棉這一稱呼同樣適用於其文字和文化。
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Speaking of which, people who speak Khmer can understand a little bit of Thai
說起來，說高棉語的人能聽懂一點泰語。
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and Lao as the languages have piggybacked off of each other for centuries.
而寮國語則與這些語言幾個世紀以來一直相互影響、彼此借鑑。
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Most Khmer people can understand about a quarter to a third of the Thai and Lao languages if they listen really hard.
大多數高棉人如果非常認真地聆聽，能夠理解大約四分之一到三分之一的泰語和寮國語內容。
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The problem is, unlike Khmer, Thai and Lao are actually tonal languages whereas Khmer isn't.
問題在於，與高棉語不同，泰語和寮國語實際上是聲調語言，而高棉語不是。
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So it can be a little confusing but overall it's like a code game when they talk to each other.
所以這可能有點讓人摸不著頭腦，但總的來說，他們互相交流的時候就像在玩一種密碼遊戲。
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Vietnamese though is completely unintelligible to them.
但他們完全聽不懂越南語。
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That being said, Cambodia has about 15 .5 million people, the vast majority, around 90 % are ethnically Khmer, about 5 % are Vietnamese,
話雖如此，柬埔寨人口約為1550萬，其中絕大多數（約90%）為高棉族，約5%為越南族。
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1 % Chinese, and the remainder come from various people groups.
其中1%為華人，其餘則來自不同的族群。
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About 95 % of the country is Buddhist, adhering to the Theravada branch of Buddhism, and Islam and Christianity make up about 2 % each,
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with the remaining 1 % being other affiliations.
其餘1%為其他所屬關係。
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Now in order to understand Cambodia, you kind of have to understand where it came from and how it got to where it is today.
要理解柬埔寨，就必須瞭解它的起源，以及它是如何一步步發展到今天的。
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You know how I do things.
你知道我的做事風格。
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I'm gonna summarize this in the quickest way I can.
我會用最簡潔的方式總結一下。
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Kingdom, protectorate, occupied, kingdom, republic, really bad dictatorship, Vietnamese puppet, transitional state, and finally monarchy all over again.
王國、保護國、被佔領狀態、王國、共和國、極其糟糕的獨裁政權、越南傀儡政權、過渡國家，最後又變回了君主制。
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The really bad dictatorship was the Communist Party, the Khmer Rouge.
真正殘暴的獨裁政權是共產黨，紅色高棉。
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They took over in the 70s and killed around one -fifth of Cambodia's population, approximately 1 .5 to 3 million people.
他們在70年代掌權，造成柬埔寨約五分之一的人口死亡，人數大約在150萬至300萬之間。
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The victims were mostly educated people that were deemed a threat to the regime, as well as priests and monks,
受害者大多是被視為對政權構成威脅的知識分子，以及神父和僧侶。
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as the Marxist -influenced ideologies of Pol Pot instituted and forced a secular state that opposed and outlawed all types of religion.
受馬克思主義影響的波爾布特意識形態建立並強制推行了一個世俗國家，反對並取締一切形式的宗教。
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Books were burned, temples and churches were ransacked.
書籍被焚燬，寺廟與教堂遭到洗劫。
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So essentially, that explains why today, about half of the population is about 15 and under.
所以從根本上來說，這就解釋了為什麼如今大約有一半的人口年齡在15歲及以下。
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The genocide of the 70s effectively cut off an entire generation,
上世紀七十年代發生的種族滅絕事件實際上切斷了整整一代人的傳承。
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and those left would eventually have an explosion of children outnumbering themselves within a few decades.
而那些留下來的人，最終會在幾十年內迎來生育高峰，孩子的數量將超過成年人。
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Speaking of which, Cambodia is the only country in Asia that has a king of part French descent,
說到這裡，柬埔寨是亞洲唯一一個擁有擁有部分法國血統國王的國家。
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and he's also the only monarch in Asia that speaks Czech fluently.
他也是亞洲唯一一位能流利使用捷克語的君主。
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Culture -wise, Cambodia really sticks out.
從文化層面來看，柬埔寨確實十分突出。
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A lot of the customs are heavily influenced by Theravada Buddhism and traditional Khmer rituals.
許多習俗都深受上座部佛教和高棉傳統儀式的影響。
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As a classified third -world country, Cambodians live off of an average salary of $2 .60 a day.
作為一個被列為第三世界國家的國家，柬埔寨人的日均工資僅為2.60美元。
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One thing you have to understand is that, like many other countries in Southeast Asia, Cambodians are masters of vocational improvisation.
有一點你必須明白，和東南亞許多其他國家一樣，柬埔寨人非常擅長隨機應變地從事各種臨時性工作。
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Since the economy is highly unregulated, working in Cambodia is kind of like a free -for -all.
由於經濟監管極不完善，在柬埔寨工作有點像毫無秩序的混戰。
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When it comes to money, you can pretty much be and do anything you want.
一涉及到錢的問題，你幾乎可以成為任何想成為的人，做任何想做的事。
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This can be a good and a bad thing because it allows Cambodians to innovate on all sorts of hustling.
這既是好事也是壞事，因為它讓柬埔寨人能夠在各種謀生方式上進行創新。
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For example, you can start your own street corner gas station.
舉個例子，你可以自己開一家街角加油站。
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All you need is a steel drum and an air compressor.
你只需要一個鐵桶和一臺空氣壓縮機。
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Heck, you can't even sell gas in used pop bottles.
哎呀，你連用舊汽水瓶裝的汽油都賣不了。
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And for the record, Geograpeeps, yes, I grew up in the Midwest.
順便說一句，各位地理愛好者，沒錯，我是在中西部長大的。
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I call it pop.
我管它叫汽水。
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I refuse to call it soda.
我才不叫它蘇打水。
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Don't even get soda.
連汽水都別買。
139
No, I refuse to call it that.
不，我才不這麼叫它。
140
However, the downside is that it also opens up the door for a lot of controversial underground corrupt industries.
然而，不利的一面是，這也為許多有爭議的地下腐敗行業打開了大門。
141
Cambodia has some of the highest rates of human trafficking in the world, including the trafficking of.. children.
柬埔寨是全球人口販運問題最嚴重的國家之一，販運物件包括兒童。
142
It's sad, but it has to be addressed because it's true, and it can't be glossed over.
這很令人難過，但必須正視，因為這是事實，無法掩蓋。
143
For a third world country where poverty is quite rampant, Cambodians may have to hustle, but they are surprisingly thrifty as well.
在一個貧困現象相當普遍的第三世界國家，柬埔寨人可能需要拼命奔波謀生，但他們同時也節儉得令人驚訝。
144
After the monarchy was re -established, the government encouraged people to move back to abandoned towns by offering them free homes.
君主制復辟後，政府通過提供免費住房鼓勵人們搬回廢棄的城鎮。
145
These are typically used to operate small businesses like grocery stores, restaurants, and moped repair shops, and so on.
這些通常用於經營雜貨店、餐館、摩托車修理店等小型企業。
146
Cambodia has dealt with a lot in the past half century and is trying to grow, and sometimes to grow, you need a little help from.
柬埔寨在過去半個世紀裡經歷了諸多磨難，如今正努力謀求發展，而謀求發展有時需要外界的一點幫助。
147
Have you ever had a friend that you realized would soon become a really terrible roommate?
你有沒有過這樣的朋友，你突然意識到他很快就會變成一個超級糟糕的室友？
148
Yeah, that's kind of situation that Cambodia got itself in.
沒錯，柬埔寨現在就陷入了這種境地。
149
Although relations are generally okay today, Cambodia does essentially have a little bit of historical beef with its neighbors Thailand and Vietnam.
雖然如今柬埔寨與鄰國的關係總體尚可，但它和泰國、越南之間確實存在一些歷史積怨。
150
Historically, Thailand used to be the arch enemy of Cambodia
歷史上，泰國曾是柬埔寨的主要敵對國。
151
and went through a number of conquests to rule over the entire area.
並通過一系列征戰統治了整個地區。
152
To this day, they still have few disputes over the Praia Fihar province.
時至今日，他們在普拉亞菲哈爾省的問題上仍幾乎沒有爭議。
153
I hope I pronounced that right, probably not.
希望我剛才的發音是對的，大機率不對。
154
And about 10 years ago, riots broke out and flags and embassies were burned down as a Thai actress claimed that Angkor Wat belonged to Thailand.
大約十年前，一名泰國女演員聲稱吳哥窟屬於泰國，由此引發了騷亂，旗幟被焚燒，大使館也遭到縱火。
155
Vietnam was kind of like the ulterior motive friend who kept saying, Hey, I'll protect you and in return, I'll just kind of control over you.
越南有點像那種暗藏私心的朋友，嘴上一直說“嘿，我會保護你”，作為回報，它卻要對你加以控制。
156
Cool?
157
France still has relatively good ties with Cambodia and not only has bilateral agreements and embassies, but also helps out with internal development.
法國與柬埔寨仍保持著較為良好的關係，雙方不僅簽有雙邊協定、互設大使館，法國還會為柬埔寨的內部發展提供幫助。
158
Many schools and universities are funded by the French and are instructed in French as well.
許多學校和大學都由法國資助，並且也以法語授課。
159
However, due to the tourism sector, Cambodians are favoring English more as a second language rather than French.
然而，受旅遊業的影響，柬埔寨人如今更傾向於將英語而非法語作為第二語言。
160
But they still teach it there.
但那裡現在仍然在教這門課。
161
In terms of their best friends, however, Cambodia would actually probably say
不過，說到他們最好的朋友，柬埔寨很可能會說
162
China, Japan, and South Korea.
中國、日本和韓國。
163
All three of these countries invest the heaviest in the country's infrastructure, and they have helped build roads, buildings, malls, and business centers all over.
這三個國家都對該國的基礎設施進行了最大規模的投資，幫助其在各地修建道路、樓宇、商場和商業中心。
164
Large flocks of Koreans and Japanese regularly visit Cambodia for vacation and are welcomed with open arms.
大批韓國人和日本人經常成群結隊前往柬埔寨度假，受到當地的熱烈歡迎。
165
In conclusion, Cambodia is a very vibrant, colorful nation that had a really bad punch to the gut in the 70s,
總而言之，柬埔寨是一個充滿活力、色彩斑斕的國家，但在七十年代遭受了極其沉重的打擊。
166
but they didn't throw in the towel just yet, and they're just starting to get their breath back, stand up, and get ready for another round.
但他們還沒有認輸，才剛剛開始緩過勁來，站起身，準備迎接下一輪挑戰。
167
Stay tuned, Cameroon is coming up next.
請持續關注，接下來即將介紹喀麥隆。
168
Hey Geograpeaves, if you'd like to learn a little bit more about Cambodia, check out Seeker Daily's video.
嘿，Geograpeaves，如果你想多瞭解一點柬埔寨，可以去看看Seeker Daily的影片。
169
Just click on this box right here.
只需點選這裡的這個框。
170
Here's a little click.
這裡有個小咔噠聲。
171
Cambodia's population is now over 15 million, nearly two -thirds of which are second or third generation from Khmer Rouge survivors.
柬埔寨目前人口超過1500萬，其中近三分之二是紅色高棉倖存者的第二代或第三代後代。
172
With the old and new generations rising up from their history of unrest, what's it like living in Cambodia today?
隨著新舊兩代人從動盪的歷史中崛起，如今生活在柬埔寨是怎樣一種體驗？
173
Well, first, the aftermath of Khmer Rouge left an obvious imbalance in socioeconomic classes.
首先，紅色高棉統治結束後，社會階層出現了明顯的失衡。
174
The regime forced many city residents out into the rural areas, leaving only a few still in the city.
該政權迫使許多城市居民遷往農村地區，僅留下少數人仍留在城市中。
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這節口語課以影片“Geography Now! Cambodia”為素材。 影片中反覆出現的詞有：Cambodia, Khmer, Cambodian。 這段影片共有 174 個句子、2389 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 11:15。 說話人語速較快，每分鐘約 212 個詞，會出現較多連讀和弱讀。 只有 77% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙難度較高。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| refer 動詞 | /ɹɪˈfɜː/ | 談到 /談到 |
| ruin 名詞 | /ˈɹuː.ɪn/ | 遺址 /遺址, 廢墟 /廢墟 |
| elephant 名詞 | /ˈɛlɪfənt/ | щён, 象 |
| audio 形容詞 | /ˈɔ.di.oʊ/ | 音訊 /音訊, 伴音 |
| temple 名詞 | /ˈtɛm.pl̩/ | 寺廟 /寺廟, 寺 |
| essentially 副詞 | /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/ | 本質上 /本質上, 基本上 |
| refuse 動詞 | /ɹɪˈfjuːz/ | 拒絕 /拒絕, 回絕 /回絕 |
| regime 名詞 | /ɹəˈʒiːm/ | 制度, 體制 /體制 |
| tourism 名詞 | /ˈtʊɹɪzəm/ | 旅遊 /旅遊, 遊覽 /遊覽 |
| embassy 名詞 | /ˈɛmbəsi/ | 大使館 /大使館 |
| soda 名詞 | /ˈsoʊdə/ | 蘇打 /蘇打, 碳酸鈉 /碳酸鈉 |
| consume 動詞 | /kənˈsum/ | 耗費 /耗費, 消耗 |
| colorful 形容詞 | /ˈkʌl.əɹ.fl̩/ | 豔 /豔 |
| insect 名詞 | /ˈɪn.sɛkt/ | 昆蟲 /昆蟲, 蟲子 /蟲子 |
| ethnicity 名詞 | /ɛθˈnɪsɪti/ | 種族 /種族, 民族 |
影片中出現的短語動詞
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| break out 動詞 | 逃出 | |
| burn down 動詞 | 燒毀 /燒燬, 焚毀 /焚燬 | |
| check out 動詞 | 退房 | |
| come up 動詞 | 上來 /上來 | |
| cut off 動詞 | /ˌkʌt ˈɔf/ [ˌkɐɾ ˈɔf] | 切下, 割下 |
| go through 動詞 | 通過 /通過 | |
| stand up 動詞 | 站起來 /站起來, 起來 /起來 | |
| stick out 動詞 | 突出, 凸出 |
值得反覆跟讀的句子
影片中簡短而完整的句子，可以直接用在日常對話裡：
- Alright, now let's talk about all that craziness, shall we?
- Let's jump into it this time.
- Should I say no?
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的 | is located · is divided · was actually split |
| 現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事 | have been built · has actually listed · have piggybacked |
| 定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物 | Islands, which were · people who consume · people who speak |
需要注意的發音
說話人用了 25 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 I'm, can't, gonna。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。
- “th” 音: ethnicity /ɛθˈnɪsɪti/, southwest /saʊθˈwɛst/, aftermath /ˈæf.tɚˌmæθ/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, regime /ɹəˈʒiːm/, dictatorship /ˈdɪkteɪtəɹʃɪp/, freshwater /ˈfɹɛʃˌwɔːtə(ɹ)/, conclusion /kənˈkluːʒən/
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/, ethnicity /ɛθˈnɪsɪti/, dictatorship /ˈdɪkteɪtəɹʃɪp/, conveniently /kənˈvinjəntli/, infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/
中文母語者容易讀錯的音：
- /v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: conveniently /kənˈvinjəntli/, vast /væst/, province /ˈpɹɔv.ɪns/, poverty /ˈpɑːvɚti/, vacation /veɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/
- 詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: elephant /ˈɛlɪfənt/, refuse /ɹɪˈfjuːz/, beef /bif/, insect /ˈɪn.sɛkt/, confuse /kənˈfjuːz/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: colorful /ˈkʌl.əɹ.fl̩/, salary /ˈsæləɹi/, formerly /ˈfɔɹmɚli/, controversial /ˌkɑn.tɹəˈvɝ.ʃəl/, partially /ˈpɑɹʃəli/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 refer, ruin, elephant 這類單詞。
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。