跟讀練習: Video Project 3 - 通過影片學習英語口語
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Asia Catastrophe in Nepal After the flood
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More disasters, fewer resources A week after it struck,
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it was still hard to gauge the extent of the catastrophe that hit the Himalayas on August 26th.
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But it is at least possible to be fairly precise about how it started.
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At 8 .37am,
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a collapsing glacier and ice rock avalanche crashed down and dammed the Lende River at the border between Nepal and Tibet.
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Three minutes later, the dam breached, releasing a fury of water,
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rock, mud and ice down the Botei Koshi and Trishuli rivers of Nepal's Rasuwa region.
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Shibu Giri saw a wave raise an entire bridge.
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Just before it tossed up his lorry, he darted for the forest.
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After sleeping in a cave, he was lifted to safety by an army helicopter the next day.
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Many were less lucky.
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The flash floods swallowed some villages entirely.
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A week later, more than 1 ,000 people were known to have died, and more than 4 ,000 were missing.
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They included several hundred foreigners, among them busloads of Hindu pilgrims, en route to Kailash, a holy mountain in Tibet.
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Some 80 bridges and 40 kilometers of road were wiped out.
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The loss of 14 hydropower plants, some still under construction, knocked out 10 % of Nepal's power generation.
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Nepal sits where the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates collide, and the hot monsoon breeze meets the Himalayas' icy winds and shaky slopes.
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That makes it one of the most disaster -prone places on earth.
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Its region is heating faster than the rest of earth, its glaciers melting twice as quickly as they did in 2000.
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So, in the years ahead, more glaciers will collapse, and more lakes are likely to burst their banks.
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Nepal is among the world's poorest countries, and looks horribly ill -equipped to deal with the calamities this will bring.
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Its Prime Minister, Belendra Shah, is a 36 -year -old former rapper, in post, for a mere six months, after Nepali youths burned down
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Parliament a year ago, and kicked out their previous rulers.
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His government will have to find as much as $5 billion to meet the costs of recovery,
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at a time when the wealthier nations it would once have looked to for help are cutting their foreign aid budgets.
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The United Nations Climate Fund lacks the money to honor even existing requests from poorer nations.
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America has pledged $3 .6 million in assistance, less than 3 % of its contribution after a devastating earthquake hit Nepal in 2015.
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Besides limiting immediate humanitarian relief efforts,
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the shortage of funds scuppers plans to build back better by investing in climate -resilient roads, bridges, and villages.
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Himalayan nations, meanwhile, are too stingy and suspicious of one another to manage their shared home in harmony.
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The Hindu Kush Himalaya has more than 63 ,700 glaciers, but only 38 monitoring stations,
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only seven of which meet global standards.
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Pema Giamshou, who heads the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, a research and policy initiative in Kathmandu,
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the capital, says Nepal will have to rely on neighbours with greater resources to equip the region with better sensors
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and monitors and real -time data sharing.
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But China tends to treat hydrologic flow rates as a national security secret, risking leaving its neighbours downstream blindsided.
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Perhaps no early warning system would have won Nepal the time to prepare for floods as sudden and ferocious as these.
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But to survive the devastation wrought in the years to come by its region's mountains and waters,
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it will need more funds and more cross -border transparency.
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這節口語課以影片“Video Project 3”為素材。 影片中反覆出現的詞有：Nepal, glacier, nations, Himalaya, flood。 這段影片共有 40 個句子、577 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 4:05。 說話人語速平穩，每分鐘約 141 個詞，很適合跟讀。 只有 72% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙難度較高。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| glacier 名詞 | /ˈɡleɪ.ʃɚ/ | 冰川, 冰河 |
| flood 名詞 | /flʌd/ | 洪水, 洪災 /洪災 |
| disaster 名詞 | /dɪˈzɑːs.təː/ | 災難 /災難, 災害 /災害 |
| resource 名詞 | /ɹɪˈzɔːs/ | 資源 /資源 |
| monitor 名詞 | /ˈmɑ.nɪ.tɚ/ | 顯示器 /顯示器 |
| collapse 動詞 | /kəˈlæps/ | 倒坍, 崩潰 /崩潰 |
| neighbour 名詞 | /ˈneɪbɚ/ | 鄰居 /鄰居, 比鄰 /比鄰 |
| catastrophe 名詞 | /kəˈtæstɹəfi/ | 災難 /災難, 災殃 /災殃 |
| meanwhile 副詞 | /ˈmiːnwaɪl/ | 同時 /同時 |
| extent 名詞 | /ɪkˈstɛnt/ | 範圍 /範圍 |
| flash 動詞 | /flæʃ/ | 閃光 /閃光 |
| sudden 形容詞 | /ˈsʌd.ən/ | 突然, 急劇 /急劇 |
| initiative 名詞 | /ɪˈnɪʃ.ə.tɪv/ | 主動權 /主動權 |
| knock 動詞 | /nɑk/ | 敲 |
| contribution 名詞 | /ˌkɑntɹɪˈbjuʃən/ | 貢獻 /貢獻 |
影片中出現的短語動詞
| 單詞 | 釋義 |
|---|---|
| burn down 動詞 | 燒毀 /燒燬, 焚毀 /焚燬 |
| kick out 動詞 | 趕走 /趕走 |
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的 | was lifted · were known · were wiped |
| 現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事 | have looked · has pledged |
需要注意的發音
- “th” 音: wealthy /ˈwɛl.θi/, earthquake /ˈɝθkweɪk/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: glacier /ˈɡleɪ.ʃɚ/, flash /flæʃ/, initiative /ɪˈnɪʃ.ə.tɪv/, contribution /ˌkɑntɹɪˈbjuʃən/, suspicious /səˈspɪʃ.əs/
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: catastrophe /kəˈtæstɹəfi/, initiative /ɪˈnɪʃ.ə.tɪv/, contribution /ˌkɑntɹɪˈbjuʃən/, helicopter /ˈheliːˌkɔptə(ɹ)/, humanitarian /hjuˌmæ.nəˈtɛ.ɹi.ən/
中文母語者容易讀錯的音：
- /v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: initiative /ɪˈnɪʃ.ə.tɪv/, invest /ɪnˈvɛst/, cave /keɪv/, avalanche /ˈævəlɑːnʃ/, devastate /ˈdɛv.ə.steɪt/
- 詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: flood /flʌd/, resource /ɹɪˈzɔːs/, collapse /kəˈlæps/, equip /ɪˈkwɪp/, extent /ɪkˈstɛnt/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: rely /ɹɪˈlaɪ/, helicopter /ˈheliːˌkɔptə(ɹ)/, ruler /ˈɹulɚ/, horribly /ˈhɔɹəbli/, lorry /ˈlɔɹi/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 用正常速度逐句跟讀，每句重複到你的節奏與說話人一致為止。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 glacier, flood, disaster 這類單詞。
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。