シャドーイング練習: Video Project 3 - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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Asia Catastrophe in Nepal After the flood
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More disasters, fewer resources A week after it struck,
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it was still hard to gauge the extent of the catastrophe that hit the Himalayas on August 26th.
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But it is at least possible to be fairly precise about how it started.
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At 8 .37am,
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a collapsing glacier and ice rock avalanche crashed down and dammed the Lende River at the border between Nepal and Tibet.
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Three minutes later, the dam breached, releasing a fury of water,
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rock, mud and ice down the Botei Koshi and Trishuli rivers of Nepal's Rasuwa region.
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Shibu Giri saw a wave raise an entire bridge.
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Just before it tossed up his lorry, he darted for the forest.
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After sleeping in a cave, he was lifted to safety by an army helicopter the next day.
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Many were less lucky.
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The flash floods swallowed some villages entirely.
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A week later, more than 1 ,000 people were known to have died, and more than 4 ,000 were missing.
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They included several hundred foreigners, among them busloads of Hindu pilgrims, en route to Kailash, a holy mountain in Tibet.
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Some 80 bridges and 40 kilometers of road were wiped out.
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The loss of 14 hydropower plants, some still under construction, knocked out 10 % of Nepal's power generation.
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Nepal sits where the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates collide, and the hot monsoon breeze meets the Himalayas' icy winds and shaky slopes.
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That makes it one of the most disaster -prone places on earth.
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Its region is heating faster than the rest of earth, its glaciers melting twice as quickly as they did in 2000.
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So, in the years ahead, more glaciers will collapse, and more lakes are likely to burst their banks.
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Nepal is among the world's poorest countries, and looks horribly ill -equipped to deal with the calamities this will bring.
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Its Prime Minister, Belendra Shah, is a 36 -year -old former rapper, in post, for a mere six months, after Nepali youths burned down
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Parliament a year ago, and kicked out their previous rulers.
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His government will have to find as much as $5 billion to meet the costs of recovery,
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at a time when the wealthier nations it would once have looked to for help are cutting their foreign aid budgets.
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The United Nations Climate Fund lacks the money to honor even existing requests from poorer nations.
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America has pledged $3 .6 million in assistance, less than 3 % of its contribution after a devastating earthquake hit Nepal in 2015.
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Besides limiting immediate humanitarian relief efforts,
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the shortage of funds scuppers plans to build back better by investing in climate -resilient roads, bridges, and villages.
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Himalayan nations, meanwhile, are too stingy and suspicious of one another to manage their shared home in harmony.
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The Hindu Kush Himalaya has more than 63 ,700 glaciers, but only 38 monitoring stations,
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only seven of which meet global standards.
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Pema Giamshou, who heads the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, a research and policy initiative in Kathmandu,
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the capital, says Nepal will have to rely on neighbours with greater resources to equip the region with better sensors
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and monitors and real -time data sharing.
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But China tends to treat hydrologic flow rates as a national security secret, risking leaving its neighbours downstream blindsided.
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Perhaps no early warning system would have won Nepal the time to prepare for floods as sudden and ferocious as these.
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But to survive the devastation wrought in the years to come by its region's mountains and waters,
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it will need more funds and more cross -border transparency.
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Video Project 3」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：Nepal, glacier, nations, Himalaya, flood。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が40文、単語が577語あります。 音声の長さは4:05です。 話す速さは1分あたり約141語で安定しており、シャドーイングしやすいペースです。 英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は72%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。
この動画の重要語彙
動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| glacier 名詞 | /ˈɡleɪ.ʃɚ/ | 氷河 |
| flood 名詞 | /flʌd/ | 洪水, 大水 |
| disaster 名詞 | /dɪˈzɑːs.təː/ | 災害, 天災 |
| resource 名詞 | /ɹɪˈzɔːs/ | 資源, 資産 |
| monitor 名詞 | /ˈmɑ.nɪ.tɚ/ | モニター |
| collapse 動詞 | /kəˈlæps/ | 潰える, 崩壊する |
| neighbour 名詞 | /ˈneɪbɚ/ | 隣人, 隣の人 |
| catastrophe 名詞 | /kəˈtæstɹəfi/ | 大災害, 災難 |
| equip 動詞 | /ɪˈkwɪp/ | 装着 |
| meanwhile 副詞 | /ˈmiːnwaɪl/ | その間に |
| extent 名詞 | /ɪkˈstɛnt/ | 程度 |
| sudden 形容詞 | /ˈsʌd.ən/ | 突然の |
| knock 動詞 | /nɑk/ | ノックする, 叩く |
| contribution 名詞 | /ˌkɑntɹɪˈbjuʃən/ | 貢献 |
| invest 動詞 | /ɪnˈvɛst/ | 投入する |
動画に出てくる句動詞
| 単語 | 意味 |
|---|---|
| kick out 動詞 | 追い出す |
| wipe out 動詞 | 一掃する |
この動画の文法
話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。
| 文型 | 動画での表現 |
|---|---|
| 受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる | was lifted · were known · were wiped |
| 現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している | have looked · has pledged |
注意したい発音
- 「th」の音: wealthy /ˈwɛl.θi/, earthquake /ˈɝθkweɪk/
- 「sh」と「zh」の音: glacier /ˈɡleɪ.ʃɚ/, flash /flæʃ/, initiative /ɪˈnɪʃ.ə.tɪv/, contribution /ˌkɑntɹɪˈbjuʃən/, suspicious /səˈspɪʃ.əs/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: catastrophe /kəˈtæstɹəfi/, initiative /ɪˈnɪʃ.ə.tɪv/, contribution /ˌkɑntɹɪˈbjuʃən/, helicopter /ˈheliːˌkɔptə(ɹ)/, humanitarian /hjuˌmæ.nəˈtɛ.ɹi.ən/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: rely /ɹɪˈlaɪ/, helicopter /ˈheliːˌkɔptə(ɹ)/, ruler /ˈɹulɚ/, horribly /ˈhɔɹəbli/, lorry /ˈlɔɹi/
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: initiative /ɪˈnɪʃ.ə.tɪv/, invest /ɪnˈvɛst/, cave /keɪv/, avalanche /ˈævəlɑːnʃ/, devastate /ˈdɛv.ə.steɪt/
- /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: flood /flʌd/, catastrophe /kəˈtæstɹəfi/, flash /flæʃ/, fewer /ˈfjuː.ɚ/, fury /ˈfjʊɹ.i/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- 通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。glacier, flood, disasterなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。