ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: Harvard Orator Eunice Alison Nyang’or Mwabe | Harvard Commencement 2019
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114 ประโยค
หากประโยคสั้นหรือยาวเกินไป กดที่ Edit เพื่อปรับแก้
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As a little girl growing up in a farm just outside of Nairobi, Kenya, I spent a lot of time wondering about the world outside.
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I spent my weekends watching TV and listening to music.
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I watched old 60s movies on school nights when I was supposed to be asleep.
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And I read a lot of books.
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I mean a lot of books.
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I devoured media because I was thirsty to understand the world outside the confines of my otherwise simple,
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comfortable, and incredibly joyful upbringing.
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So it was no surprise that everything I knew about America, I knew from media.
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And this was before social media, so the variety of images I had of the United States was limited to what movies wanted me,
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an outsider, to know about this land of the free and home of the brave.
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I watched movies about American high schools in particular and I found them absolutely fascinating and I learnt a lot.
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For example, I learnt
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that in America you could walk out of classes before teachers
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dismissed you just as long as the bell had rang and I thought to myself, indeed this is the land of the free and the home of the brave?
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Because that kind of behavior wouldn't fly where I'm from.
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In America, because Becoming homecoming king and homecoming queen was a big deal,
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but I never understood where home was or where people had gone enough to be coming.
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I also learned that in America, everyone was always looking for a prom date
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and that if you dropped your books and someone picked them up for you and gazed into your eyes, then at the end of the year,
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they would become your prom date.
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To date, I find it utterly impressive that the content was that consistent across the board.
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You watched Mean Girls and it was like you had watched everything.
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Yet these thoroughly analyzed case studies of my peers could never
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have prepared me for the past four years as an international student at Harvard.
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In fact, in a way, I held a lot of misconceptions about the United States because of them.
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Now, I know more often than not, this phenomenon happens the other way around.
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For instance, if I walk into a room and I say, Hi, my name is Mwabe and I'm from Nairobi, Kenya, a lot of things might go through your mind like,
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Wow, she speaks such good English.
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Or perhaps you might ask yourself the age-old question and what I'm sure we are all wondering today.
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I wonder whether she's listened to Ariana Grande's music.
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Yet in the same way, I too had my own stereotypes about the United States.
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There were stories I had heard throughout my life that had embedded plenty of assumptions in my mind.
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Racial stereotypes, stereotypes about people from different socioeconomic backgrounds, stereotypes about American preferences.
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At times I wouldn't realize I had these perceptions in my mind
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but I always found myself holding on to them ever
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so tightly whenever I encountered something new or different that I wasn't willing to try.
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The thing with stereotypes that makes them so powerful is that they menacingly appear to be true,
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and that it can be so comfortable to hold on to them because predictability is easy to work with.
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Nuance makes things complicated.
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Nuance doesn't fit into policy or captivating film narratives.
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And once you're comfortable enough in what you know, there's no reason to step out of it.
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I have always been fascinated by people,
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cultures, history, why we think the way we think based on where we grew up or our experiences.
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And it was this fascination that led me to the anthropology department.
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I was excited at the prospect of a concentration where, for the most part, I got to observe people and theorize about why they do what they do.
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At first, this started as a self-centered process.
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In the midst of my debilitating homesickness and reluctance to adjust, I needed an excuse to get out of having to engage with this new country
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and its people by delving deeper to understand myself, my roots, and my culture.
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On any lovely Wednesday afternoon, you'd find me at a section in Toza, either finding a way to connect every possible theory to the African continent,
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or vehemently retorting to something a peer had said.
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And it always sounded like, well, I just want to push back on that for a little bit
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and say that that is based on a very Western framework of thinking.
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Around my friends, I started every statement in my culture, especially when I didn't want to try something new,
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like, in my culture, we don't eat quinoa.
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Or in my culture, we don't ask professors about their weekends, or agree to call them by their first names.
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I'm sorry, Dean Kura, I mean, Rakesh.
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And while this transformative liberal arts education has given me has given me the tools to explain where I'm from,
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or why you wouldn't find me running by the Charles in the winter when no one is chasing me.
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Self-centered intellectual pursuit can get incredibly dissatisfying and ultimately lonely.
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And so I began observing Americans instead.
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Away from the images that had for so long filled my head,
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I promptly began my fieldwork outlining the rituals among American 20-year-olds,
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their sociality, their tribal customs and norms, what they found taboo to talk about in public,
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their different kinship systems and values for concepts like personal space.
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And how's it going isn't actually a question about how it's going.
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Eventually, I too began to participate in the natives' rituals, annual festivals like the Super Bowl,
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and this collaborative activity that was creating a March Madness bracket.
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I started watching American news as an empathy exercise, really. And slowly but surely,
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my eyes began to open to certain realities about the American experience through the lens of Harvard class of 2019
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that bring it on one, two, and three could never have taught me, not even in a million years.
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There were experiences that brought us together as a community and reminded me of the universality of our experiences.
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It was in the looks of awe and amazement
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and chagrin for some when we witnessed Adam's house rise like a phoenix from the ashes,
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blessing us with what had to be the greatest housing video of all time.
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Go at us.
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It was in your faces every time you worried about the inequalities of your education system.
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It was in your pain when another unarmed black man was shot.
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It was in the face of an understaffed homeless shelter in an increasingly gentrifying town.
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Now, I know Harvard is not representative of the entire United States.
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In fact, if anything, this heavily endowed bubble is far from the reality faced by millions in this country.
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But if there is anything I am thankful for, it has been the opportunity to have been part of class of 2019, a class of strong, talented,
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beautiful, smart, ambitious young people who who have shared with me little snippets of where they're from
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and where they hope to go.
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And so at the end of this anthropological study, I'd like to share with you all my findings based on the statistical sample
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that has been my interactions with the class of 2019.
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The most important of them being that people are people and joy is joy and pain is pain
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everywhere and we cannot limit ourselves to what we know based on where we come from.
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In the same vein, let it not be that this Harvard experience becomes our culture,
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if you will, that we get so attached to bleeding this crimson blood
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that we are so unwilling to step out
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and be challenged to learn something new or presently engage when we encounter something or someone different.
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Statistically speaking, those who have left these grounds have had a palpable impact in the world.
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Those who have gone ahead of us have disrupted culture, transformed global politics, revolutionized economies,
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and we will most probably go ahead and do equally significant things, if not more.
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But these accolades, these achievements, do not make us any better, our lives any more valuable, our joy any more valid,
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our anger any more justified than the man across the street for whom every dollar counts.
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And this is in no way meant to devalue our worth.
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If anything, it takes away this pressure that we need to prove a point to the world, that we need to prove that we went to Harvard and did enough with this opportunity.
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Class of 2019, you graduate from Harvard but you're worth so much more in and of yourself.
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And so I implore you, in the words of the great philosopher of our day, Pulitzer Prize winner Kendrick Lamar.
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Sit down, be humble.
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Humility not being defined by how much we downplay the power that comes with a name.
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Humility not being saying to those who ask that we went to a school in Boston.
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But humility being the willingness to see all humanity as equal, Harvard degree notwithstanding.
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Humility being the willingness to learn as much as we can about those different from us outside what we know
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and then using this Harvard degree to as we say in
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Kumba do what we can with what we have to leave a space better than we found it.
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The world is in need of more people who walk through life with this sense of wonder.
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People courageous enough to engage with that which is different or strange or even unacceptable,
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willing enough to step out of what they think they know and humble enough to learn from each experience.
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More than ever, our generation needs leadership that is willing to love and serve within this rare blend of courage and humility.
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Courageous enough to secure the bag, humble enough to do it without letting it define you.
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It is my hope, class of 2019, that it shall be said of us that we embodied this in the years to come.
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Thank you and congratulations.
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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
วิดีโอนี้มี 114 ประโยค และ 1701 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 11:46 ผู้พูดพูดด้วยความเร็วสม่ำเสมอ ประมาณ 145 คำต่อนาที เหมาะกับการฝึกพูดตาม 82% ของคำอยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ ส่วนที่เหลือควรดูไว้ก่อนเริ่มฝึก
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่พบไม่บ่อย 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
- humility /hjuːˈmɪlɪti/ (คำนาม) — ความถ่อมตัว, ความนอบน้อม. The characteristic of being humble; humbleness in character and behavior.
- brave /bɹeɪv/ (คำคุณศัพท์) — กล้าหาญ, กล้า. Strong in the face of fear; courageous.
- observe /əbˈzɜːv/ (คำกริยา) — สังเกต. To notice or view, especially carefully or with attention to detail.
- ritual /ˈɹɪt͡ʃ.u.əl/ (คำนาม) — พิธี, พิธีกรรม. A rite; a repeated set of actions, especially in religious contexts.
- complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/ (คำคุณศัพท์) — ซับซ้อน. Difficult or convoluted.
- chase /t͡ʃeɪs/ (คำกริยา) — กวด. To follow at speed.
- custom /ˈkʌstəm/ (คำนาม) — แบบแผน, ธรรมเนียม. Frequent repetition of the same behavior; way of behavior common to many; ordinary manner; habitual practice; method of doing, living or behaving.
- anger /ˈæŋɡə/ (คำนาม) — วิโรธ. A strong and unpleasant feeling of displeasure, hostility, or antagonism, usually combined with an urge to yell, curse, damage or destroy things, or harm…
- participate /pɑːˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/ (คำกริยา) — เข้าร่วม, ร่วมมือ. To join in, to take part, to involve oneself (in something).
- congratulations /kənˌɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/ — ยินดีด้วย. Expressing praise and approval, expressing approbation.
- connect /kəˈnɛkt/ (คำกริยา) — เชื่อม, ต่อ. To join (to another object): to attach, or to be intended to attach or capable of attaching, to another object.
- remind /ɹəˈmaɪnd/ (คำกริยา) — เตือน. To cause one to experience a memory (of someone or something); to bring to the notice or consideration (of a person).
- achievement /əˈt͡ʃiːv.mənt/ (คำนาม) — ความสำเร็จ, สัมฤทธิ์ผล. The act of achieving or performing; a successful performance; accomplishment.
- asleep /əˈsliːp/ (คำคุณศัพท์) — หลับ. In a state of sleep; also, broadly, resting.
- courage /ˈkʌ.ɹɪd͡ʒ/ (คำนาม) — ความกล้า, ความกล้าหาญ. The quality of being confident, not afraid or easily intimidated, but without being incautious or inconsiderate.
กริยาวลีที่คุณจะได้ยิน
- look for (คำกริยา) — มองหา, หา. To seek.
- sit down (คำกริยา) — นั่ง. To assume a sitting position from a standing position.
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 19 ครั้ง เช่น I'm, wouldn't, don't ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “th”: thoroughly /ˈθʌɹ.ə.li/, thankful /ˈθæŋkfəl/, thirsty /ˈθɝs.ti/, empathy /ˈɛmpəθi/, anthropology /ˌænθɹəˈpɑləd͡ʒi/
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: congratulations /kənˌɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/, racial /ˈɹeɪʃəl/, interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, concentration /ˌkɑn.sənˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/, shelter /ˈʃɛltə/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: humility /hjuːˈmɪlɪti/, incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/, complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, participate /pɑːˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/, congratulations /kənˌɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- พูดตามทีละประโยคด้วยความเร็วปกติ ทำซ้ำแต่ละประโยคจนจังหวะของคุณตรงกับผู้พูด
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง humility, brave, observe เป็นพิเศษ
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | have prepared · have always been fascinated · has given |
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | been fascinated · is based · was shot |
| Relative clauses who / which + อนุประโยค — ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคนหรือสิ่งของ | people who who · those who have · those who ask |
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ