ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: Natalie Portman Harvard Commencement Speech | Harvard Commencement 2015
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- Hello, class of 2015.
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I am so honored to be here today.
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Dean Karana.
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faculty, parents, and most especially graduating students Thank you so much for inviting me.
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The senior class committee, it's genuinely one of the most exciting things I've ever been asked to do.
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I have to admit primarily because I can't deny it, as it was leaked in the WikiLeaks.
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release of the Sony hack that when I was invited I replied and I directly quote my own email.
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Wow, this is so nice.
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I'm gonna need some funny ghostwriters.
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Any ideas?
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This initial response, now blessedly public, was from the knowledge that at my class day, we were lucky enough to have Will Ferrell as class day speaker.
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and that many of us hung over or even freshly high mainly wanted to laugh.
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So I have to admit that today, even 12 years after graduation, I'm still insecure about my own worthiness I have to remind myself today,
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you are here for a reason.
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Today, I feel much like I did when I came to Harvard Yard as a freshman in 1999.
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when you guys were, to my continued shock and horror, still in kindergarten.
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I felt like there had been some mistake.
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that I wasn't smart enough to be in this company, and that every time I opened my mouth, I would have to prove I wasn't just a dumb actress.
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So I start with an apology.
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This won't be very funny.
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I'm not a comedian and I didn't get a ghostwriter.
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But I am here to tell you today Harvard is giving you all diplomas tomorrow.
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You are here for a reason.
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Sometimes your insecurities and your inexperience may lead you to embrace other people's expectations, standards, or values.
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But you can harness that inexperience to carve out your own path.
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one that is free of the burden, of knowing how things are supposed to be a path that is defined by its own particular set of reasons.
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The other day, I went to an amusement park with my soon -to -be four -year -old son
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and I watched him play arcade games.
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He was incredibly focused.
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throwing his ball at the target.
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Jewish mother that I am, I skipped 20 steps
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and was already imagining him as a major league player with what his his aim
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and his arm and his concentration is But then I realized that when he won, He was playing to trade in his tickets for the crappy plastic toys.
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The prize was much more exciting than the game to get it.
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I, of course, wanted to urge him to take joy in the challenge of the game, the improvement upon practice, the satisfaction of doing something well,
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and even feeling the accomplishment when achieving the game's goals.
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But all of these aspects were shaded by the little 10 cent plastic men with sticky, stretchy blue arms that adhere to the walls.
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That was the prize.
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In a child's nature, we see many of our own innate tendencies, I saw myself in him, and perhaps you do too.
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Prizes serve as false idols everywhere.
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prestige, wealth.
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fame, power.
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You will be exposed to many of these, if not all.
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Of course, part of why I was invited to come speak today beyond my being a proud alum.
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is that I've accrued some very coveted toys in my life including a not -so -plastic, not -so -crappy one an Oscar.
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So we bump up against a common trope, I think, of the commencement address.
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People who have achieved a lot telling you that the fruits of achievement are not always to be trusted.
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But I think that contradiction can be reconciled and is in fact instructive
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Achievement is wonderful when you know why you're doing it and when you don't know, it can be a terrible trap.
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I went to a public high school on Long Island, Syacet High School.
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Ooh.
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Hello, stiocid.
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The girls I went to school with had Prada bags and flat ironed hair and they spoke with an accent, I, who had moved there at age nine from Connecticut,
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mimicked to fit in.
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Florida oranges.
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Chocolate cherries.
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Since I'm ancient and the internet was just starting when I was in high school, People didn't really pay that much attention to the fact that I was an actress.
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I was known mainly at school for having a backpack bigger than I was
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and always having whiteout on my hands as I hated seeing anything crossed out in my notebooks.
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I was voted for my senior yearbook, most likely to be a contestant on Jeopardy!
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or code for nerdiest.
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laughter When I got to Harvard just after the release of Star Wars Episode I, I knew I would be starting over in terms of how people viewed me.
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I feared people would assume I had gotten in just for being famous.
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and that they would think I was not worthy of the intellectual rigor here.
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And they would not have been far from the truth.
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When I came here, I had never written a 10 -page paper before.
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I'm not even sure I'd written a five -page paper.
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I was alarmed and intimidated by the calm eyes of fellow students
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who came here from Dalton or Exeter who thought that compared to high school, the workload here was easy.
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I was completely overwhelmed and thought that reading a thousand pages a week was unimaginable, that writing a 50 -page thesis was just something I could never do.
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I had no idea how to declare my intentions.
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I couldn't even articulate them to myself.
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I had been acting since I was 11, but I thought acting was too frivolous.
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and certainly not meaningful.
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I came from a family of academics and was very concerned with being taken seriously.
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in contrast to my inability to declare myself
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on my first day of orientation freshman year five separate students introduce themselves to me by saying, I'm going to be president.
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Remember I told you that.
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Their names for the record were Bernie Sanders, Mark Rubio, Ted Cruz, Barack Obama,
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and Hillary In all seriousness, I believed every one of them.
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Their bearing and self -confidence alone seemed proof of their prophecy, where I couldn't shake my self -doubt.
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I got in only because I was famous.
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This was how others saw me.
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It was how I saw myself.
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Driven by these insecurities, I decided that I was going to find something to do at Harvard that was serious and meaningful, that would change the world and make it a better place.
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At the age of 18, I had already been acting for seven years.
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and assumed I'd find a more serious and profound path in college.
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So freshman fall, I decided to take neurobiology and advanced modern Hebrew literature because I was serious and intellectual.
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Needless to say, I should have failed both.
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I got bees for your information, and to this day, every Sunday, I burn a small effigy to the pagan gods of great inflation.
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But as I was fighting my way through Aleph Bet Yahoshua in Hebrew and the different mechanisms of neural response, I saw friends around me writing papers on sailing.
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and pop culture magazines.
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and professors teaching classes on fairy tales and the matrix I realized that seriousness For serious,
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it's seriousness's sake was its own kind of trophy and a dubious one, a pose I sought to counter some half -imagined argument about who I was.
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There was a reason I was an actor.
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I love what I do.
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And I saw from my peers and my mentors that that was not only an acceptable reason, It was the best reason.
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When I got to my graduation, sitting where you sit today, after four years of trying to get excited about something else,
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I admitted to myself that I couldn't wait to go back and make more films.
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I wanted to tell stories to imagine the lives of others and help others do the same.
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I had found, or perhaps reclaimed, my reason.
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You have a prize now or at least you will tomorrow.
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The prize is a Harvard degree in your hand.
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But what is your reason behind it?
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My Harvard degree represents for me the curiosity and invention that we're encouraged here the friendships I've seen STAINED.
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The way Professor Graham told me not to describe the way light hit a flower.
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but rather the shadow that the flower casts.
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the way Professor Scarry talked about theater as a transformative religious
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force how Professor Coughlin showed how much of our visual cortex is activated just by imagining.
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Now granted, these things don't necessarily help me answer the most common questions I'm asked, What designer are you wearing?
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What's your fitness regime?
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Any makeup tips?
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But I have never since been embarrassed to myself ask what I might previously have thought was a stupid question.
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My Harvard degree and other awards are emblems of the experiences which led me to them.
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the wood -paneled lecture halls, the colorful fall leaves, the hot vanilla Toscanini's, reading great novels in overstuffed library chairs,
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running through dining halls screaming, "Ooh !" Ah!
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City step, city step, city step, city step.
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Woo -hoo!
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It's easy now to romanticize my time here but I had some very difficult times here too.
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Some combination of being 19, dealing with my first heartbreak, taking birth control pills that have since been taken off the market for their depressive side effects,
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and spending too much time missing daylight during winter months.
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led me to some pretty dark moments particularly during sophomore year.
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There were several occasions I started crying in meetings with professors
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overwhelmed with what I was supposed to pull off when I could barely get myself out of bed in the morning.
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Moments when I took on the motto for my schoolwork, done, not good.
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If only I could finish my work, even if it took eating a jumbo pack of Sour Patch Kids to get me through a single 10 -page paper.
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I felt that I had accomplished a great feat.
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I'd repeat to myself, "Done, not good." A couple of years ago, I went to Tokyo with my husband, and I ate at the most remarkable sushi restaurant.
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I don't even eat fish, I'm vegan, so that tells you how good it was.
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even with just vegetables.
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This sushi was the stuff you dream about.
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The restaurant had six My husband and I marveled at how anyone could make rice so superior to all other rice.
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We wondered why they didn't make a bigger restaurant and be the most popular place in town.
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Our local friends explained to us, that all the best restaurants in Tokyo are that small and do only one type of dish
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sushi or tempura or teriyaki because they want to do that thing well and beautifully.
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And it's not about quantity.
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It's about taking pleasure in the perfection and beauty of the particular.
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I'm still learning now that it's about good and maybe never done
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that the joy and work ethic and virtuosity we bring to the particular
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can impart a singular type of enjoyment to those we give to, and of course to ourselves.
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In my professional life, it also took me time to find my own reasons for doing my work.
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The first film I was in came out in 1994.
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again, appallingly, the year most of you were born.
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I was 13 years old upon the film's release
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and I can still quote what the New York Times said about me verbatim: Ms. Portman poses better than she acts.
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The film had a universally tepid critical response and went on to bomb commercially.
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That film was called The Professional, or Leon in Europe.
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And today, 20 years and 35 films later, it is still the film people approach me about the most.
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to tell me how much they loved it, how much it moved them, how it's their favorite movie.
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I feel lucky that my first experience releasing a film was initially such a disaster by all standard measures.
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I learned early that my meaning had to be from the experience of making the film
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and the possibility of connecting with individuals and rather than the foremost trophies in my industry financial and critical success.
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And also that those initial reactions could be false predictors of your work's ultimate legacy.
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I started choosing only jobs I was passionate about, and from which I knew I could glean meaningful experiences.
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This thoroughly confused everyone around me agents, producers, and audiences alike.
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I made Goya's Ghosts, a foreign independent film, and studied art history, visiting the Prado every day for four months as I read about Goya and the Spanish Inquisition.
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I made V for Vendetta, a studio action movie for which I learned everything I could about freedom fighters who in other eyes might be called terrorists.
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from Menachem Begin to the Weather Underground.
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"I Made Your Highness" a pothead comedy with Danny McBride, and laughed for three months straight.
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I was able to own my meaning and not have it be determined by box office. or prestige.
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By the time I got to making Black Swan, The experience was entirely my own.
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I felt immune to the worst things anyone could say or write about me, and to whether an audience felt like going to see my movie or not.
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It was instructive for me to see that ballet dancers For ballet dancers, once your technique gets to a certain level, The only thing that separates you from others is your quirks.
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or even flaws.
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One ballerina was famous for how she turned slightly off balance.
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You can never be the best technically.
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someone will always have a higher jump.
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or a more beautiful line.
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The only thing you can be the best at is developing your own
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Authoring your own experience was very much what Black Swan itself was about.
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I worked with Darren Aronofsky, the film's director, to change my last line in the movie to It was perfect.
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because my character Nina is only artistically successful when she finds perfection and pleasure for herself, not when she's trying to be perfect in the eyes of others.
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So when Black Swan was successful financially, and I began receiving accolades, I felt honored and grateful to have connected with people.
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but the true core of my meaning I had already established.
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and I needed it to be independent of people's reactions to me.
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People told me that black swan was an artistic risk, a scary challenge to try to portray a professional ballet dancer
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but it didn't feel like courage or daring that drew me to it.
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I was so oblivious to my own limits that I did things I was woefully unprepared to do.
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And so the very inexperience that in college had made me feel insecure and made me want to play by others' rules,
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now was making me actually take risks I didn't even realize were risks.
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When Darren asked me if I could do ballet, I told him that I was basically a ballerina.
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Which, by the way, I wholeheartedly believed.
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when it quickly became clear in preparing for the film that I was maybe 15 years away from being a ballerina.
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It made me work a million times harder and of course, The magic of cinema and body doubles helped the final effect.
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But the point is, if I had known my own limitations, I never would have taken the risk.
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And the risk led to one of my greatest artistic and personal experiences.
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and that I not only felt completely free, I also met my husband during filming.
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Similarly, I just directed my first film, A Tale of Love and Darkness.
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and was quite blind to the challenges ahead of me.
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The film is a period film completely in Hebrew, in which I also act with an eight -year -old child as a co -star.
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All of these are challenges I should have been terrified of as I was completely unprepared for them.
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But my complete ignorance as to my own limitations looked like confidence.
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and got me into the director's chair.
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Once there, I had to figure it all out, and my belief that I could handle these things Contrary to all evidence of my ability to do
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so was half the battle.
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The other half was very hard work.
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The experience was the deepest and most meaningful one of my career.
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Now clearly, I'm not urging you to go perform heart surgery without the knowledge to do so.
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Making movies admittedly has less drastic consequences than most professions and allows for a lot of effects that make up for mistakes.
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The thing I'm saying is make use of the fact that you don't doubt yourself too much right now.
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As we get older, we get more realistic.
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And that gets And that includes about our own abilities or lack thereof.
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And that realism does us no favors.
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People always talk about diving into things you're afraid of.
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That never worked for me.
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If I'm afraid, I run away, and I would probably urge my child to do the same.
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Fear protects us in many ways.
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What has served me is diving into my own obliviousness, Being more confident than I should be, which everyone tends to decry in American kids,
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and those of us who have been grade inflated and ego inflated.
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Well, it can be a good thing if it makes you try things you never might have tried.
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Your inexperience is an asset and will allow you to think in original, unconventional ways.
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accept your lack of knowledge and use it as your asset.
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I know a famous violinist who told me that he can't compose because he knows too many pieces.
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So when he starts thinking of a note, an existing piece immediately comes to mind.
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Just starting out, one of your biggest strengths is not knowing how things are supposed to be.
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You can compose freely because your mind isn't cluttered with too many people.
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and you don't take for granted the way things are.
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The only way you know how to do things is your own way.
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You here will all go on to achieve great things There is no doubt about that.
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Each time you set out to do something new, your inexperience can either lead you down
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A path where you will conform to someone else's values
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or you can forge your own path even if you don't realize that's what you're doing if your reasons are your own,
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your path even if it's a strange and clumsy path will be wholly yours.
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And you will control the rewards of what you do by making your internal life fulfilling.
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At the risk of sounding like a Miss America contestant, The most fulfilling things I've experienced have truly been the human interactions.
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Spending time with women in village banks in Mexico with Finca, a microfinance organization
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meeting young women who were the first and only in their communities to attend secondary school in rural Kenya
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with Free the Children, a group that builds sustainable schools in developing countries.
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trekking with guerrilla conservationists in Rwanda, It's a cliche because it's true that helping others ends up helping you more than anyone.
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Getting out of your own concerns and caring about someone else's life for a while, reminds you that you are not the center of the universe.
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and that in the ways We are generous.
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or not we can change the course someone's life.
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Even at work, the small feats of kindness, crew members, directors, fellow actors have shown me have had the most lasting impact.
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And of course, first and foremost, The center of my world is the love I share with my family and friends.
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I wish for you
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that your friends will be with you through it all as my friends from Harvard have been together since we graduated.
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My friends from school are still very close.
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We have nursed each other through heartaches and danced at each other's weddings.
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We've held each other at funerals.
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and rocked each other's new babies.
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We've worked together on projects, helped each other get jobs, and thrown parties for when we've quit bad ones.
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And now our children are creating a second generation of friendship as we look at them toddling together
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haggard and disheveled working parents that we are.
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Grab the good people around you, don't let them go.
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The biggest asset this school offers you is a group of peers that will be both your family
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and your school for life.
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I remember always being pissed at the spring here. in Cambridge.
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tricking us into remembering a sunny yard full of laughing frisbee throwers after eight months of dark, frigid library dwelling.
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It was like the school had managed to turn on the
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good weather is a last memory we should keep in mind that would make us want to come back.
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But as I get farther away from my years here, I know that the power of this school is much deeper than weather control.
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It changed the very questions I was asking.
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To quote one of my favorite thinkers, Abraham Joshua Heschel.
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To be or not to be is not the question The vital question is, how to be and how not to be.
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Thank you.
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I can't wait to see how you do all the beautiful things you will do.
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Thank you.
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บริบท & พื้นหลัง
ในปี 2015 นาตาลี พอร์ตแมน ดาราฮอลลีวูดชื่อดัง ได้กล่าวสุนทรพจน์ในงานพิธีสำเร็จการศึกษาที่มหาวิทยาลัยฮาร์วาร์ด สุนทรพจน์นี้มีเนื้อหาที่ลึกซึ้งและแสดงถึงความไม่มั่นใจเกี่ยวกับความสามารถของตัวเอง แม้ว่าเธอจะประสบความสำเร็จในวงการบันเทิง แต่ก็ยังรู้สึกว่าตนเองไม่พอใจในสิ่งที่ทำ นอกจากนี้ เธอยังได้สะท้อนให้เห็นถึงความสำคัญของการไม่เพียงแต่แสวงหารางวัลต่างๆ ในชีวิต แต่ต้องทำความเข้าใจว่าทำไมถึงต้องการบรรลุสิ่งนั้นด้วย
5 วลีที่สำคัญสำหรับการสื่อสารประจำวัน
- “Thank you so much for inviting me.” - ขอบคุณสำหรับการเชิญฉัน
- “You are here for a reason.” - คุณอยู่ที่นี่เพื่อเหตุผลบางอย่าง
- “Sometimes your insecurities may lead you to embrace others' expectations.” - บางครั้งความไม่มั่นใจของคุณอาจทำให้คุณยอมรับความคาดหวังของผู้อื่น
- “Prizes serve as false idols everywhere.” - รางวัลมักเป็นไอดอลที่ผิดพลาดในทุกที่
- “Achievement is wonderful when you know why you're doing it.” - การบรรลุเป้าหมายเป็นสิ่งมหัศจรรย์เมื่อคุณรู้ว่าทำไมถึงต้องทำมัน
คู่มือการฝึกพูดทีละขั้นตอน
การศึกษาเนื้อหาที่นำเสนอในสุนทรพจน์นี้จะช่วยให้คุณพัฒนาทักษะการพูดภาษาอังกฤษได้ดีขึ้น การใช้เทคนิค ชาโดว์อิ้งภาษาอังกฤษ เป็นวิธีที่ได้ผลมาก โดยคุณสามารถทำตามขั้นตอนดังนี้:
- ฟังสุนทรพจน์: เริ่มต้นด้วยการฟังวิดีโออย่างน้อย 1-2 ครั้ง เพื่อทำความเข้าใจเนื้อหาและอารมณ์ของการพูด
- ถอดเสียง: หลังจากนั้นให้ลองถอดเสียงจากบทพูด ในขั้นตอนนี้คุณควรจับคู่คำและวลีที่ได้ยินกับความหมาย
- ฝึกพูดตาม: ใช้เทคนิค shadowspeak โดยการพูดตามเสียงพูดในวิดีโอ เพื่อปรับปรุงสำเนียงและจังหวะการพูด
- วิเคราะห์และปรับปรุง: อัดเสียงตัวเองขณะพูดตาม และฟังเพื่อหาจุดที่ต้องปรับปรุง
- ฝึกซ้ำ: ทำซ้ำขั้นตอนนี้เป็นประจำเพื่อพัฒนาทักษะและความมั่นใจในการพูดภาษาอังกฤษ
การใช้ shadowing site หรือแหล่งข้อมูลการฝึกพูดจะช่วยให้คุณได้สัมผัสกับการสื่อสารที่หลากหลายยิ่งขึ้น นอกจากนี้ยังช่วยสร้างความมั่นใจและทักษะการพูดที่ดียิ่งขึ้นในชีวิตประจำวัน
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | I've ever been asked · I've accrued · have achieved |
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | been asked · was leaked · was invited |
| Relative clauses who / which + อนุประโยค — ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคนหรือสิ่งของ | People who have · women who were |
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ