ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: Ken Burns - Stanford Commencement 2016 - shortened

กำลังสร้างบทเรียน...
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You know, it's terribly fashionable these days to criticize the United States government, the institution Lincoln was trying to save,
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to blame it for all the ills known to humankind.
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And my goodness, ladies and gentlemen, let's be honest, it has made more than its fair share of catastrophic mistakes.
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But you would be hard pressed to find in all of human history a greater force for good.
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From our Declaration of Independence to our Constitution and Bill of Rights, from Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation and the 13th,
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14th, 15th, and women 19th Amendments, to the Land Grant College and Homestead Acts,
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from the Transcontinental Railroad and our National Parks to Child Labor Laws, Social Security, and the National Labor Relation Acts,
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from the GI Bill and the Interstate Highway System to putting a man on the moon and the affordable Care Act,
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the United States government has been the author of many of the best aspects of our public and personal lives.
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But if you tune in to politics, if you listen to the rhetoric of this election cycle,
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you you are made painfully aware that everything is going to hell in a handbasket,
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and the chief culprit is our evil government.
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Part of the reason this kind of criticism sticks is
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because we live in an age of social media where we are constantly assured that we are all independent, free agents.
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But that free agency is essentially unconnected to real community,
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divorced from civic engagement, duped into believing in our own lonely primacy
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by a sophisticated media culture that requires you know desperately needs you to live in an all-consuming disposable present,
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wearing the right blue jeans, driving the right car, carrying the right handbag, eating at all the right places,
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blissfully unaware of the historical tides that have brought us to this moment blissfully uninterested in where those tides might take us.
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Our spurious sovereignty is reinforced and perpetually underscored to our obvious and great comfort.
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But this kind of existence actually ingrains in us a stultifying sameness that rewards conformity,
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not courage, ignorance and anti-intellectualism, not critical thinking.
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This wouldn't be so bad if we were just wasting our own lives.
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But this year, our political future depends on it.
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And there comes a time when I and you can no longer remain neutral, silent.
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We must speak up and speak out.
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For 216 years, our elections,
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though bitterly contested, have featured the philosophies and characters of candidates who were clearly qualified.
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That is not the case this year.
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One is glaringly not qualified.
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So before you do anything with your well-earned degree,
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you must do everything you can to defeat the retrograde forces that have invaded our democratic process,
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divided our house, to fight against, no matter your political persuasion,
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the dictatorial tendencies of the candidate with zero experience in the much malign but subtle art of governance.
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Who is against lots of things, but doesn't seem to be for anything,
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offering only bombastic and contradictory promises and terrifying Orwellian statesman.
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A person who easily lies, creating an environment where the truth doesn't seem to matter,
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who has never demonstrated any interest in anyone or anything but himself and his own enrichment.
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who insults veterans, threatens a free press, mocks the handicap, denigrates women, immigrants, and all Muslims.
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A man who took more than a day to remember to disavow a supporter who advocates white supremacy
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and the Ku Klux Klan.
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An infantile, bullying man who, depending on his mood, is willing to discard old and established alliances,
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treaties, and long-standing relationships.
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I feel genuine sorrow for the understandably scared and they feel powerless people who have flocked to his campaign
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in the mistaken belief that, as often happens on TV,
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a wand can be waived and every complicated problem can be solved with the simplest of solutions.
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They can't.
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It is a political Ponzi scheme.
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And asking this man to assume the highest office in the land
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would be like asking a newly minted car driver to fly a 747.
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As a student of history, I recognize this type.
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He emerges everywhere and in all eras.
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We see nurtured in his campaign an incipient proto-fascism,
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a nativist, anti-immigrant know-nothingism, a disrespect for the judiciary,
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the prospect of women losing authority over their own bodies, African Americans again asked to go to the back of the line,
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voter suppression gleefully promoted, jingoistic saber-rattling, a total lack of historical awareness,
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a political paranoia that predictably points fingers, always making the other wrong.
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These are all virulent strains that have at times infected us in the past,
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but they now loom in front of us again, all happening at once.
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We know from our history books that these are the diseases of ancient and now fallen empires.
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We know from our history books that these are the diseases of ancient and now fallen empires.
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The sense of commonwealth, of shared sacrifice, of trust, so much a part of American life is eroding fast,
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spurred along and amplified by an amoral internet
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that permits a lie to circle the globe three times before the truth can get started.
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We no longer have the luxury of neutrality or balance or even bemused disdain.
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Many of our media institutions have largely failed to expose this charlatan,
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torn between a nagging responsibility to good journalism and the big ratings a media circus always delivers.
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In fact, they have given him the abundant airtime he so desperately craves,
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so much so that it has actually worn down our natural human revulsion to this kind of behavior.
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Hey, he's rich.
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He must be doing something right.
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He's not.
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Edward R.
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Murrow would have exposed this naked emperor months ago.
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He is an insult to our history.
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And do not be deceived by his momentary good behavior.
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It's only a spoiled, misbehaving child hoping somehow to still have dessert.
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This ...
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And do not think that the tragedy in Orlando underscores his points.
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It does not.
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We must disenthrall ourselves, as Abraham Lincoln said, from the culture of violence and guns, and then we shall save our country.
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This, ladies and gentlemen, is not a liberal or conservative issue, a red state, blue state divide.
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This is an American issue.
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Many honorable people, including the last two Republican presidents, members of the party of Abraham Lincoln,
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have declined to support him.
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And I implore those Vichy Republicans who have endorsed him to please, please reconsider.
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We must remain committed to the kindness and community that are the hallmarks of civilization and reject the troubling,
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unfiltered Tourette's of his tribalism.
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The next few months of your commencement, that is to say your future, will be critical to the survival of the Republic.
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The occasion is piled high with difficulty.
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Let us pledge here today
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that we will not let this happen to the exquisite yet deeply flawed land we all love
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and cherish and hope to leave intact to our posterity.
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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้

บทเรียนฝึกพูดระดับ C1 นี้ใช้วิดีโอ “Ken Burns - Stanford Commencement 2016 - shortened” เป็นสื่อ วิดีโอนี้มี 93 ประโยค และ 1171 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 10:26 ผู้พูดพูดด้วยความเร็วสม่ำเสมอ ประมาณ 112 คำต่อนาที เหมาะกับการฝึกพูดตาม มีเพียง 77% ของคำที่อยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ คำศัพท์จึงค่อนข้างยาก

คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้

คำที่ยากที่สุด 15 คำในวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:

คำศัพท์คำอ่านความหมาย
insult คำนาม/ɪnˈsʌlt/หยาบคาย
immigrant คำนาม/ˈɪmɪɡɹənt/ผู้อพยพ
culprit คำนาม/ˈkʌlpɹɪt/คนร้าย, ผู้ร้าย
deceive คำกริยา/dɪˈsiːv/หลอก, โกง
handbag คำนาม/ˈhændˌbæɡ/กระเป๋าถือ, กระเป๋าหิ้ว
infect คำกริยา/ɪnˈfɛkt/ติดเชื้อ
paranoia คำนาม/ˌpæɹ.əˈnɔɪ.ə/โรคจิตหวาดระแวง
statesman คำนาม/ˈsteɪtsmən/รัฐบุรุษ
invade คำกริยา/ɪnˈveɪd/บุกรุก
handicap คำนาม/ˈhændikæp/แต้มต่อ
endorse คำกริยา/ɪnˈdoɹs/สนับสนุน
criticize คำกริยา/ˈkɹɪtɪsaɪz/ติ, วิจารณ์
neutrality คำนาม/nuˈtɹæləti/ความเป็นกลาง
flock คำนาม/flɑk/ฝูง, หมู่
sorrow คำนาม/ˈsɑɹoʊ/ความทุกข์, ความเศร้า

ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้

โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:

โครงสร้างในวิดีโอ
Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบันhas made · has been · have brought
Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำare made · is reinforced · can be waived
Relative clauses who / which + อนุประโยค — ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคนหรือสิ่งของperson who easily · man who took · people who have

การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง

ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 4 ครั้ง เช่น doesn't, can't, wouldn't ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน

  • เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: charlatan /ˈʃɑɹlətən/, persuasion /pɚˈsweɪʒən/, revulsion /ɹɪˈvʌlʃən/, cherish /ˈt͡ʃɛɹɪʃ/, fashionable /ˈfæʃənəbl̩/
  • คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: desperately /ˈdɛs.p(ə.)ɹət.li/, conformity /kənˈfɔːmɪti/, contradictory /ˌkɑntɹəˈdɪktəɹi/, dictatorial [dɪktəˈtɔːɹɪəɫ], incipient /ɪnˈsɪp.i.ənt/

วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้

  1. ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
  2. พูดตามทีละประโยคด้วยความเร็วปกติ ทำซ้ำแต่ละประโยคจนจังหวะของคุณตรงกับผู้พูด
  3. อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง insult, immigrant, culprit เป็นพิเศษ

เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?

Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ

เทคนิค shadowing: อ่านคู่มือฉบับเต็มทีละขั้นตอน →