Luyện nói tiếng Anh bằng Shadowing qua video: Ken Burns - Stanford Commencement 2016 - shortened

You know, it's terribly fashionable these days to criticize the United States government, the institution Lincoln was trying to save,

to blame it for all the ills known to humankind.

And my goodness, ladies and gentlemen, let's be honest, it has made more than its fair share of catastrophic mistakes.

But you would be hard pressed to find in all of human history a greater force for good.

From our Declaration of Independence to our Constitution and Bill of Rights, from Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation and the 13th,

14th, 15th, and women 19th Amendments, to the Land Grant College and Homestead Acts,

from the Transcontinental Railroad and our National Parks to Child Labor Laws, Social Security, and the National Labor Relation Acts,

from the GI Bill and the Interstate Highway System to putting a man on the moon and the affordable Care Act,

the United States government has been the author of many of the best aspects of our public and personal lives.

But if you tune in to politics, if you listen to the rhetoric of this election cycle,

you you are made painfully aware that everything is going to hell in a handbasket,

and the chief culprit is our evil government.

Part of the reason this kind of criticism sticks is

because we live in an age of social media where we are constantly assured that we are all independent, free agents.

But that free agency is essentially unconnected to real community,

divorced from civic engagement, duped into believing in our own lonely primacy

by a sophisticated media culture that requires you know desperately needs you to live in an all-consuming disposable present,

wearing the right blue jeans, driving the right car, carrying the right handbag, eating at all the right places,

blissfully unaware of the historical tides that have brought us to this moment blissfully uninterested in where those tides might take us.

Our spurious sovereignty is reinforced and perpetually underscored to our obvious and great comfort.

But this kind of existence actually ingrains in us a stultifying sameness that rewards conformity,

not courage, ignorance and anti-intellectualism, not critical thinking.

This wouldn't be so bad if we were just wasting our own lives.

But this year, our political future depends on it.

And there comes a time when I and you can no longer remain neutral, silent.

We must speak up and speak out.

For 216 years, our elections,

though bitterly contested, have featured the philosophies and characters of candidates who were clearly qualified.

That is not the case this year.

One is glaringly not qualified.

So before you do anything with your well-earned degree,

you must do everything you can to defeat the retrograde forces that have invaded our democratic process,

divided our house, to fight against, no matter your political persuasion,

the dictatorial tendencies of the candidate with zero experience in the much malign but subtle art of governance.

Who is against lots of things, but doesn't seem to be for anything,

offering only bombastic and contradictory promises and terrifying Orwellian statesman.

A person who easily lies, creating an environment where the truth doesn't seem to matter,

who has never demonstrated any interest in anyone or anything but himself and his own enrichment.

who insults veterans, threatens a free press, mocks the handicap, denigrates women, immigrants, and all Muslims.

A man who took more than a day to remember to disavow a supporter who advocates white supremacy

and the Ku Klux Klan.

An infantile, bullying man who, depending on his mood, is willing to discard old and established alliances,

treaties, and long-standing relationships.

I feel genuine sorrow for the understandably scared and they feel powerless people who have flocked to his campaign

in the mistaken belief that, as often happens on TV,

a wand can be waived and every complicated problem can be solved with the simplest of solutions.

They can't.

It is a political Ponzi scheme.

And asking this man to assume the highest office in the land

would be like asking a newly minted car driver to fly a 747.

As a student of history, I recognize this type.

He emerges everywhere and in all eras.

We see nurtured in his campaign an incipient proto-fascism,

a nativist, anti-immigrant know-nothingism, a disrespect for the judiciary,

the prospect of women losing authority over their own bodies, African Americans again asked to go to the back of the line,

voter suppression gleefully promoted, jingoistic saber-rattling, a total lack of historical awareness,

a political paranoia that predictably points fingers, always making the other wrong.

These are all virulent strains that have at times infected us in the past,

but they now loom in front of us again, all happening at once.

We know from our history books that these are the diseases of ancient and now fallen empires.

The sense of commonwealth, of shared sacrifice, of trust, so much a part of American life is eroding fast,

spurred along and amplified by an amoral internet

that permits a lie to circle the globe three times before the truth can get started.

We no longer have the luxury of neutrality or balance or even bemused disdain.

Many of our media institutions have largely failed to expose this charlatan,

torn between a nagging responsibility to good journalism and the big ratings a media circus always delivers.

In fact, they have given him the abundant airtime he so desperately craves,

so much so that it has actually worn down our natural human revulsion to this kind of behavior.

Hey, he's rich.

He must be doing something right.

He's not.

Edward R.

Murrow would have exposed this naked emperor months ago.

He is an insult to our history.

And do not be deceived by his momentary good behavior.

It's only a spoiled, misbehaving child hoping somehow to still have dessert.

This ...

And do not think that the tragedy in Orlando underscores his points.

It does not.

We must disenthrall ourselves, as Abraham Lincoln said, from the culture of violence and guns, and then we shall save our country.

This, ladies and gentlemen, is not a liberal or conservative issue, a red state, blue state divide.

This is an American issue.

Many honorable people, including the last two Republican presidents, members of the party of Abraham Lincoln,

have declined to support him.

And I implore those Vichy Republicans who have endorsed him to please, please reconsider.

We must remain committed to the kindness and community that are the hallmarks of civilization and reject the troubling,

unfiltered Tourette's of his tribalism.

The next few months of your commencement, that is to say your future, will be critical to the survival of the Republic.

The occasion is piled high with difficulty.

Let us pledge here today

that we will not let this happen to the exquisite yet deeply flawed land we all love

and cherish and hope to leave intact to our posterity.

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Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này

Bài luyện nói trình độ C1 này dựa trên video “Ken Burns - Stanford Commencement 2016 - shortened”. Video này có 93 câu và 1171 từ để luyện shadowing. Phần lời nói dài 10:26. Người nói giữ tốc độ đều, khoảng 112 từ mỗi phút, vừa sức để nói đuổi theo. Chỉ 77% số từ nằm trong 3.000 từ tiếng Anh thông dụng nhất, nên từ vựng khá khó.

Từ vựng quan trọng trong video

15 từ khó nhất trong video, kèm phiên âm và nghĩa:

Từ	Phiên âm	Nghĩa
insult danh từ	/ɪnˈsʌlt/	lời xúc phạm
immigrant danh từ	/ˈɪmɪɡɹənt/	dân nhập cư, nhập cư
amplify động từ	/ˈæm.plə.faɪ/	khuếch đại
commencement danh từ	/kəˈmɛnsmənt/	bắt đầu
culprit danh từ	/ˈkʌlpɹɪt/	thủ phạm
deceive động từ	/dɪˈsiːv/	lừa, lừa bịp
discard động từ	/dɪsˈkɑɹd/	vứt, loại bỏ
hallmark danh từ	/ˈhɔlmɑɹk/	dấu ấn
handbag danh từ	/ˈhændˌbæɡ/	túi xách tay, bị cầm tay
infect động từ	/ɪnˈfɛkt/	nhiễm, lây
paranoia danh từ	/ˌpæɹ.əˈnɔɪ.ə/	hoang tưởng ảo giác
rattle danh từ	/ˈɹæ.təl/	lách cách, lạch cạch
invade động từ	/ɪnˈveɪd/	xâm lược, xâm chiếm
disrespect danh từ	/dɪsɹɪˈspɛkt/	sự thiếu tôn trọng, sự vô lễ
criticize động từ	/ˈkɹɪtɪsaɪz/	chỉ trích

Ngữ pháp trong video

Những cấu trúc người nói dùng nhiều nhất, kèm đúng cụm từ trong video:

Cấu trúc	Trong video
Thì hiện tại hoàn thành have/has + quá khứ phân từ — việc đã xảy ra nhưng còn liên quan đến hiện tại	has made · has been · have brought
Câu bị động be + quá khứ phân từ — nhấn vào việc xảy ra, không phải người làm	are made · is reinforced · can be waived
Mệnh đề quan hệ who / which + mệnh đề — thêm thông tin về người hoặc vật	person who easily · man who took · people who have

Phát âm cần chú ý

Người nói dùng 4 dạng rút gọn, ví dụ doesn't, can't, wouldn't. Hãy nói theo dạng ngắn đúng như bạn nghe.

Âm “sh” và “zh”: charlatan /ˈʃɑɹlətən/, persuasion /pɚˈsweɪʒən/, revulsion /ɹɪˈvʌlʃən/, cherish /ˈt͡ʃɛɹɪʃ/, fashionable /ˈfæʃənəbl̩/
Từ dài — đặt trọng âm cho đúng: desperately /ˈdɛs.p(ə.)ɹət.li/, conformity /kənˈfɔːmɪti/, contradictory /ˌkɑntɹəˈdɪktəɹi/, dictatorial [dɪktəˈtɔːɹɪəɫ], incipient /ɪnˈsɪp.i.ənt/

Cách luyện với video này

Nghe hết video một lần, chưa cần nói, và ghi lại những từ bạn chưa biết.
Nói đuổi từng câu ở tốc độ bình thường, lặp lại mỗi câu đến khi nhịp của bạn khớp với người nói.
Ghi âm giọng mình rồi so với bản gốc, chú ý các từ như insult, immigrant, amplify.

Phương Pháp Shadowing Là Gì?

Shadowing là kỹ thuật học ngôn ngữ có cơ sở khoa học, ban đầu được phát triển cho chương trình đào tạo phiên dịch viên chuyên nghiệp và được phổ biến rộng rãi bởi nhà đa ngôn ngữ học Dr. Alexander Arguelles. Nguyên lý cốt lõi đơn giản nhưng cực kỳ hiệu quả: bạn nghe tiếng Anh của người bản xứ và lặp lại to ngay lập tức — như một "cái bóng" (shadow) đuổi theo người nói với độ trễ chỉ 1–2 giây. Khác với luyện ngữ pháp hay học từ vựng bị động, Shadowing buộc não bộ và cơ miệng phải đồng thời xử lý và tái tạo ngôn ngữ thực tế. Các nghiên cứu khoa học xác nhận phương pháp này cải thiện đáng kể phát âm, ngữ điệu, nhịp điệu, nối âm, kỹ năng nghe và độ lưu loát khi nói — đặc biệt hiệu quả cho người luyện IELTS Speaking và muốn giao tiếp tiếng Anh tự nhiên như người bản ngữ.

Phương pháp shadowing: đọc hướng dẫn từng bước đầy đủ →

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Từ vựng và ghi chú luyện nói cho bài học này

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