Shadowing Practice: Ken Burns - Stanford Commencement 2016 - shortened - Learn English Speaking with Video
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You know, it's terribly fashionable these days to criticize the United States government, the institution Lincoln was trying to save,
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to blame it for all the ills known to humankind.
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And my goodness, ladies and gentlemen, let's be honest, it has made more than its fair share of catastrophic mistakes.
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But you would be hard pressed to find in all of human history a greater force for good.
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From our Declaration of Independence to our Constitution and Bill of Rights, from Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation and the 13th,
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14th, 15th, and women 19th Amendments, to the Land Grant College and Homestead Acts,
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from the Transcontinental Railroad and our National Parks to Child Labor Laws, Social Security, and the National Labor Relation Acts,
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from the GI Bill and the Interstate Highway System to putting a man on the moon and the affordable Care Act,
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the United States government has been the author of many of the best aspects of our public and personal lives.
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But if you tune in to politics, if you listen to the rhetoric of this election cycle,
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you you are made painfully aware that everything is going to hell in a handbasket,
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and the chief culprit is our evil government.
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Part of the reason this kind of criticism sticks is
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because we live in an age of social media where we are constantly assured that we are all independent, free agents.
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But that free agency is essentially unconnected to real community,
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divorced from civic engagement, duped into believing in our own lonely primacy
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by a sophisticated media culture that requires you know desperately needs you to live in an all-consuming disposable present,
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wearing the right blue jeans, driving the right car, carrying the right handbag, eating at all the right places,
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blissfully unaware of the historical tides that have brought us to this moment blissfully uninterested in where those tides might take us.
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Our spurious sovereignty is reinforced and perpetually underscored to our obvious and great comfort.
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But this kind of existence actually ingrains in us a stultifying sameness that rewards conformity,
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not courage, ignorance and anti-intellectualism, not critical thinking.
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This wouldn't be so bad if we were just wasting our own lives.
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But this year, our political future depends on it.
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And there comes a time when I and you can no longer remain neutral, silent.
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We must speak up and speak out.
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For 216 years, our elections,
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though bitterly contested, have featured the philosophies and characters of candidates who were clearly qualified.
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That is not the case this year.
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One is glaringly not qualified.
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So before you do anything with your well-earned degree,
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you must do everything you can to defeat the retrograde forces that have invaded our democratic process,
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divided our house, to fight against, no matter your political persuasion,
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the dictatorial tendencies of the candidate with zero experience in the much malign but subtle art of governance.
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Who is against lots of things, but doesn't seem to be for anything,
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offering only bombastic and contradictory promises and terrifying Orwellian statesman.
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A person who easily lies, creating an environment where the truth doesn't seem to matter,
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who has never demonstrated any interest in anyone or anything but himself and his own enrichment.
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who insults veterans, threatens a free press, mocks the handicap, denigrates women, immigrants, and all Muslims.
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A man who took more than a day to remember to disavow a supporter who advocates white supremacy
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and the Ku Klux Klan.
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An infantile, bullying man who, depending on his mood, is willing to discard old and established alliances,
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treaties, and long-standing relationships.
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I feel genuine sorrow for the understandably scared and they feel powerless people who have flocked to his campaign
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in the mistaken belief that, as often happens on TV,
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a wand can be waived and every complicated problem can be solved with the simplest of solutions.
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They can't.
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It is a political Ponzi scheme.
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And asking this man to assume the highest office in the land
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would be like asking a newly minted car driver to fly a 747.
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As a student of history, I recognize this type.
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He emerges everywhere and in all eras.
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We see nurtured in his campaign an incipient proto-fascism,
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a nativist, anti-immigrant know-nothingism, a disrespect for the judiciary,
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the prospect of women losing authority over their own bodies, African Americans again asked to go to the back of the line,
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voter suppression gleefully promoted, jingoistic saber-rattling, a total lack of historical awareness,
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a political paranoia that predictably points fingers, always making the other wrong.
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These are all virulent strains that have at times infected us in the past,
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but they now loom in front of us again, all happening at once.
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We know from our history books that these are the diseases of ancient and now fallen empires.
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We know from our history books that these are the diseases of ancient and now fallen empires.
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The sense of commonwealth, of shared sacrifice, of trust, so much a part of American life is eroding fast,
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spurred along and amplified by an amoral internet
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that permits a lie to circle the globe three times before the truth can get started.
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We no longer have the luxury of neutrality or balance or even bemused disdain.
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Many of our media institutions have largely failed to expose this charlatan,
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torn between a nagging responsibility to good journalism and the big ratings a media circus always delivers.
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In fact, they have given him the abundant airtime he so desperately craves,
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so much so that it has actually worn down our natural human revulsion to this kind of behavior.
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Hey, he's rich.
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He must be doing something right.
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He's not.
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Edward R.
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Murrow would have exposed this naked emperor months ago.
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He is an insult to our history.
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And do not be deceived by his momentary good behavior.
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It's only a spoiled, misbehaving child hoping somehow to still have dessert.
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This ...
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And do not think that the tragedy in Orlando underscores his points.
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It does not.
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We must disenthrall ourselves, as Abraham Lincoln said, from the culture of violence and guns, and then we shall save our country.
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This, ladies and gentlemen, is not a liberal or conservative issue, a red state, blue state divide.
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This is an American issue.
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Many honorable people, including the last two Republican presidents, members of the party of Abraham Lincoln,
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have declined to support him.
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And I implore those Vichy Republicans who have endorsed him to please, please reconsider.
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We must remain committed to the kindness and community that are the hallmarks of civilization and reject the troubling,
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unfiltered Tourette's of his tribalism.
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The next few months of your commencement, that is to say your future, will be critical to the survival of the Republic.
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The occasion is piled high with difficulty.
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Let us pledge here today
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that we will not let this happen to the exquisite yet deeply flawed land we all love
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and cherish and hope to leave intact to our posterity.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación de nivel C1 se basa en el vídeo “Ken Burns - Stanford Commencement 2016 - shortened”. Este vídeo tiene 93 frases y 1171 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 10:26. El hablante mantiene un ritmo constante de unas 112 palabras por minuto, cómodo para el shadowing. Solo el 77 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
Las 15 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| underscore sustantivo | /ˈʌn.dɚˌskoɹ/ | guion bajo, barra baja |
| desperately adverbio | /ˈdɛs.p(ə.)ɹət.li/ | desesperadamente |
| insult sustantivo | /ɪnˈsʌlt/ | insulto, improperio |
| immigrant sustantivo | /ˈɪmɪɡɹənt/ | inmigrante |
| airtime sustantivo | tiempo aire, tiempo facturable | |
| amoral adjetivo | /eɪˈmɔɹ.əl/ | amoral |
| amplify verbo | /ˈæm.plə.faɪ/ | amplificar |
| bemuse verbo | /bɪˈmjuːz/ | desconcertar |
| bitterly adverbio | /ˈbɪtəɹli/ | amargamente |
| bombastic adjetivo | /bɑmˈbæs.tɪk/ | bombástico, rimbombante |
| charlatan sustantivo | /ˈʃɑɹlətən/ | charlatán |
| commencement sustantivo | /kəˈmɛnsmənt/ | incoación |
| conformity sustantivo | /kənˈfɔːmɪti/ | conformidad |
| contradictory adjetivo | /ˌkɑntɹəˈdɪktəɹi/ | contradictorio |
| culprit sustantivo | /ˈkʌlpɹɪt/ | culpable, nocente |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| speak out verbo | expresarse | |
| speak up verbo | /ˌspik ˈʌp/ | hablar más alto, hablar más fuerte |
| wear down verbo | desgastar |
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahora | has made · has been · have brought |
| Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace | are made · is reinforced · can be waived |
| Oraciones de relativo who / which + oración — información extra sobre una persona o cosa | person who easily · man who took · people who have |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 4 contracciones y formas reducidas, como doesn't, can't, wouldn't. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: charlatan /ˈʃɑɹlətən/, persuasion /pɚˈsweɪʒən/, revulsion /ɹɪˈvʌlʃən/, cherish /ˈt͡ʃɛɹɪʃ/, fashionable /ˈfæʃənəbl̩/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: desperately /ˈdɛs.p(ə.)ɹət.li/, conformity /kənˈfɔːmɪti/, contradictory /ˌkɑntɹəˈdɪktəɹi/, dictatorial [dɪktəˈtɔːɹɪəɫ], incipient /ɪnˈsɪp.i.ənt/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Haz shadowing frase por frase a velocidad normal, repitiendo cada una hasta que tu ritmo coincida con el del hablante.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como underscore, desperately, insult.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.