쉐도잉 연습: Ken Burns - Stanford Commencement 2016 - shortened - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기
레슨 만드는 중...
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You know, it's terribly fashionable these days to criticize the United States government, the institution Lincoln was trying to save,
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to blame it for all the ills known to humankind.
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And my goodness, ladies and gentlemen, let's be honest, it has made more than its fair share of catastrophic mistakes.
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But you would be hard pressed to find in all of human history a greater force for good.
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From our Declaration of Independence to our Constitution and Bill of Rights, from Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation and the 13th,
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14th, 15th, and women 19th Amendments, to the Land Grant College and Homestead Acts,
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from the Transcontinental Railroad and our National Parks to Child Labor Laws, Social Security, and the National Labor Relation Acts,
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from the GI Bill and the Interstate Highway System to putting a man on the moon and the affordable Care Act,
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the United States government has been the author of many of the best aspects of our public and personal lives.
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But if you tune in to politics, if you listen to the rhetoric of this election cycle,
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you you are made painfully aware that everything is going to hell in a handbasket,
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and the chief culprit is our evil government.
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Part of the reason this kind of criticism sticks is
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because we live in an age of social media where we are constantly assured that we are all independent, free agents.
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But that free agency is essentially unconnected to real community,
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divorced from civic engagement, duped into believing in our own lonely primacy
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by a sophisticated media culture that requires you know desperately needs you to live in an all-consuming disposable present,
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wearing the right blue jeans, driving the right car, carrying the right handbag, eating at all the right places,
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blissfully unaware of the historical tides that have brought us to this moment blissfully uninterested in where those tides might take us.
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Our spurious sovereignty is reinforced and perpetually underscored to our obvious and great comfort.
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But this kind of existence actually ingrains in us a stultifying sameness that rewards conformity,
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not courage, ignorance and anti-intellectualism, not critical thinking.
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This wouldn't be so bad if we were just wasting our own lives.
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But this year, our political future depends on it.
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And there comes a time when I and you can no longer remain neutral, silent.
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We must speak up and speak out.
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For 216 years, our elections,
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though bitterly contested, have featured the philosophies and characters of candidates who were clearly qualified.
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That is not the case this year.
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One is glaringly not qualified.
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So before you do anything with your well-earned degree,
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you must do everything you can to defeat the retrograde forces that have invaded our democratic process,
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divided our house, to fight against, no matter your political persuasion,
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the dictatorial tendencies of the candidate with zero experience in the much malign but subtle art of governance.
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Who is against lots of things, but doesn't seem to be for anything,
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offering only bombastic and contradictory promises and terrifying Orwellian statesman.
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A person who easily lies, creating an environment where the truth doesn't seem to matter,
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who has never demonstrated any interest in anyone or anything but himself and his own enrichment.
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who insults veterans, threatens a free press, mocks the handicap, denigrates women, immigrants, and all Muslims.
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A man who took more than a day to remember to disavow a supporter who advocates white supremacy
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and the Ku Klux Klan.
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An infantile, bullying man who, depending on his mood, is willing to discard old and established alliances,
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treaties, and long-standing relationships.
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I feel genuine sorrow for the understandably scared and they feel powerless people who have flocked to his campaign
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in the mistaken belief that, as often happens on TV,
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a wand can be waived and every complicated problem can be solved with the simplest of solutions.
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They can't.
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It is a political Ponzi scheme.
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And asking this man to assume the highest office in the land
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would be like asking a newly minted car driver to fly a 747.
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As a student of history, I recognize this type.
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He emerges everywhere and in all eras.
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We see nurtured in his campaign an incipient proto-fascism,
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a nativist, anti-immigrant know-nothingism, a disrespect for the judiciary,
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the prospect of women losing authority over their own bodies, African Americans again asked to go to the back of the line,
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voter suppression gleefully promoted, jingoistic saber-rattling, a total lack of historical awareness,
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a political paranoia that predictably points fingers, always making the other wrong.
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These are all virulent strains that have at times infected us in the past,
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but they now loom in front of us again, all happening at once.
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We know from our history books that these are the diseases of ancient and now fallen empires.
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We know from our history books that these are the diseases of ancient and now fallen empires.
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The sense of commonwealth, of shared sacrifice, of trust, so much a part of American life is eroding fast,
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spurred along and amplified by an amoral internet
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that permits a lie to circle the globe three times before the truth can get started.
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We no longer have the luxury of neutrality or balance or even bemused disdain.
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Many of our media institutions have largely failed to expose this charlatan,
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torn between a nagging responsibility to good journalism and the big ratings a media circus always delivers.
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In fact, they have given him the abundant airtime he so desperately craves,
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so much so that it has actually worn down our natural human revulsion to this kind of behavior.
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Hey, he's rich.
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He must be doing something right.
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He's not.
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Edward R.
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Murrow would have exposed this naked emperor months ago.
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He is an insult to our history.
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And do not be deceived by his momentary good behavior.
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It's only a spoiled, misbehaving child hoping somehow to still have dessert.
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This ...
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And do not think that the tragedy in Orlando underscores his points.
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It does not.
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We must disenthrall ourselves, as Abraham Lincoln said, from the culture of violence and guns, and then we shall save our country.
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This, ladies and gentlemen, is not a liberal or conservative issue, a red state, blue state divide.
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This is an American issue.
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Many honorable people, including the last two Republican presidents, members of the party of Abraham Lincoln,
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have declined to support him.
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And I implore those Vichy Republicans who have endorsed him to please, please reconsider.
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We must remain committed to the kindness and community that are the hallmarks of civilization and reject the troubling,
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unfiltered Tourette's of his tribalism.
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The next few months of your commencement, that is to say your future, will be critical to the survival of the Republic.
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The occasion is piled high with difficulty.
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Let us pledge here today
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that we will not let this happen to the exquisite yet deeply flawed land we all love
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and cherish and hope to leave intact to our posterity.
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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트
이 C1 수준 말하기 레슨은 영상 “Ken Burns - Stanford Commencement 2016 - shortened”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 93개와 단어 1171개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 10:26입니다. 화자는 분당 약 112단어의 일정한 속도로 말해서 섀도잉하기에 편한 속도입니다. 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속하는 단어가 77%뿐이라 어휘가 어려운 편입니다.
이 영상의 핵심 어휘
영상에서 가장 어려운 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 단어 | 발음 | 뜻 |
|---|---|---|
| underscore 명사 | /ˈʌn.dɚˌskoɹ/ | 밑줄 문자, 언더바 |
| insult 명사 | /ɪnˈsʌlt/ | 모욕 |
| immigrant 명사 | /ˈɪmɪɡɹənt/ | 이민, 이민자 |
| airtime 명사 | 방송 | |
| charlatan 명사 | /ˈʃɑɹlətən/ | 사기꾼, 허풍선이 |
| commencement 명사 | /kəˈmɛnsmənt/ | 학위수여식 |
| culprit 명사 | /ˈkʌlpɹɪt/ | 범인 |
| deceive 동사 | /dɪˈsiːv/ | 속이다 |
| discard 동사 | /dɪsˈkɑɹd/ | 버리다 |
| disdain 명사 | /dɪsˈdeɪn/ | 경멸 |
| handbag 명사 | /ˈhændˌbæɡ/ | 핸드백, 손가방 |
| paranoia 명사 | /ˌpæɹ.əˈnɔɪ.ə/ | 편집병, 편집증 |
| powerless 형용사 | /ˈpaʊɚləs/ | 무력하다 |
| primacy 명사 | /ˈpɹaɪ.mə.si/ | 주요 |
| rattle 명사 | /ˈɹæ.təl/ | 딸랑이 |
이 영상의 문법
화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 문형 | 영상 속 표현 |
|---|---|
| 현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때 | has made · has been · have brought |
| 수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점 | are made · is reinforced · can be waived |
| 관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보 | person who easily · man who took · people who have |
주의할 발음
화자는 doesn't, can't, wouldn't 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 4번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.
- “sh”와 “zh” 소리: charlatan /ˈʃɑɹlətən/, persuasion /pɚˈsweɪʒən/, revulsion /ɹɪˈvʌlʃən/, cherish /ˈt͡ʃɛɹɪʃ/, fashionable /ˈfæʃənəbl̩/
- 긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: desperately /ˈdɛs.p(ə.)ɹət.li/, conformity /kənˈfɔːmɪti/, contradictory /ˌkɑntɹəˈdɪktəɹi/, dictatorial [dɪktəˈtɔːɹɪəɫ], incipient /ɪnˈsɪp.i.ənt/
이 영상으로 연습하는 방법
- 먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
- 보통 속도로 한 문장씩 섀도잉하고, 화자의 리듬과 맞을 때까지 반복합니다.
- 자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, underscore, insult, immigrant 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.