跟讀練習: Ken Burns - Stanford Commencement 2016 - shortened - 通過影片學習英語口語

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93 句

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You know, it's terribly fashionable these days to criticize the United States government, the institution Lincoln was trying to save,

to blame it for all the ills known to humankind.

And my goodness, ladies and gentlemen, let's be honest, it has made more than its fair share of catastrophic mistakes.

But you would be hard pressed to find in all of human history a greater force for good.

From our Declaration of Independence to our Constitution and Bill of Rights, from Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation and the 13th,

14th, 15th, and women 19th Amendments, to the Land Grant College and Homestead Acts,

from the Transcontinental Railroad and our National Parks to Child Labor Laws, Social Security, and the National Labor Relation Acts,

from the GI Bill and the Interstate Highway System to putting a man on the moon and the affordable Care Act,

the United States government has been the author of many of the best aspects of our public and personal lives.

But if you tune in to politics, if you listen to the rhetoric of this election cycle,

you you are made painfully aware that everything is going to hell in a handbasket,

and the chief culprit is our evil government.

Part of the reason this kind of criticism sticks is

because we live in an age of social media where we are constantly assured that we are all independent, free agents.

But that free agency is essentially unconnected to real community,

divorced from civic engagement, duped into believing in our own lonely primacy

by a sophisticated media culture that requires you know desperately needs you to live in an all-consuming disposable present,

wearing the right blue jeans, driving the right car, carrying the right handbag, eating at all the right places,

blissfully unaware of the historical tides that have brought us to this moment blissfully uninterested in where those tides might take us.

Our spurious sovereignty is reinforced and perpetually underscored to our obvious and great comfort.

But this kind of existence actually ingrains in us a stultifying sameness that rewards conformity,

not courage, ignorance and anti-intellectualism, not critical thinking.

This wouldn't be so bad if we were just wasting our own lives.

But this year, our political future depends on it.

And there comes a time when I and you can no longer remain neutral, silent.

We must speak up and speak out.

For 216 years, our elections,

though bitterly contested, have featured the philosophies and characters of candidates who were clearly qualified.

That is not the case this year.

One is glaringly not qualified.

So before you do anything with your well-earned degree,

you must do everything you can to defeat the retrograde forces that have invaded our democratic process,

divided our house, to fight against, no matter your political persuasion,

the dictatorial tendencies of the candidate with zero experience in the much malign but subtle art of governance.

Who is against lots of things, but doesn't seem to be for anything,

offering only bombastic and contradictory promises and terrifying Orwellian statesman.

A person who easily lies, creating an environment where the truth doesn't seem to matter,

who has never demonstrated any interest in anyone or anything but himself and his own enrichment.

who insults veterans, threatens a free press, mocks the handicap, denigrates women, immigrants, and all Muslims.

A man who took more than a day to remember to disavow a supporter who advocates white supremacy

and the Ku Klux Klan.

An infantile, bullying man who, depending on his mood, is willing to discard old and established alliances,

treaties, and long-standing relationships.

I feel genuine sorrow for the understandably scared and they feel powerless people who have flocked to his campaign

in the mistaken belief that, as often happens on TV,

a wand can be waived and every complicated problem can be solved with the simplest of solutions.

They can't.

It is a political Ponzi scheme.

And asking this man to assume the highest office in the land

would be like asking a newly minted car driver to fly a 747.

As a student of history, I recognize this type.

He emerges everywhere and in all eras.

We see nurtured in his campaign an incipient proto-fascism,

a nativist, anti-immigrant know-nothingism, a disrespect for the judiciary,

the prospect of women losing authority over their own bodies, African Americans again asked to go to the back of the line,

voter suppression gleefully promoted, jingoistic saber-rattling, a total lack of historical awareness,

a political paranoia that predictably points fingers, always making the other wrong.

These are all virulent strains that have at times infected us in the past,

but they now loom in front of us again, all happening at once.

We know from our history books that these are the diseases of ancient and now fallen empires.

The sense of commonwealth, of shared sacrifice, of trust, so much a part of American life is eroding fast,

spurred along and amplified by an amoral internet

that permits a lie to circle the globe three times before the truth can get started.

We no longer have the luxury of neutrality or balance or even bemused disdain.

Many of our media institutions have largely failed to expose this charlatan,

torn between a nagging responsibility to good journalism and the big ratings a media circus always delivers.

In fact, they have given him the abundant airtime he so desperately craves,

so much so that it has actually worn down our natural human revulsion to this kind of behavior.

Hey, he's rich.

He must be doing something right.

He's not.

Edward R.

Murrow would have exposed this naked emperor months ago.

He is an insult to our history.

And do not be deceived by his momentary good behavior.

It's only a spoiled, misbehaving child hoping somehow to still have dessert.

This ...

And do not think that the tragedy in Orlando underscores his points.

It does not.

We must disenthrall ourselves, as Abraham Lincoln said, from the culture of violence and guns, and then we shall save our country.

This, ladies and gentlemen, is not a liberal or conservative issue, a red state, blue state divide.

This is an American issue.

Many honorable people, including the last two Republican presidents, members of the party of Abraham Lincoln,

have declined to support him.

And I implore those Vichy Republicans who have endorsed him to please, please reconsider.

We must remain committed to the kindness and community that are the hallmarks of civilization and reject the troubling,

unfiltered Tourette's of his tribalism.

The next few months of your commencement, that is to say your future, will be critical to the survival of the Republic.

The occasion is piled high with difficulty.

Let us pledge here today

that we will not let this happen to the exquisite yet deeply flawed land we all love

and cherish and hope to leave intact to our posterity.

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這節 C1 級別的口語課以影片“Ken Burns - Stanford Commencement 2016 - shortened”為素材。這段影片共有 93 個句子、1171 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 10:26。說話人語速平穩，每分鐘約 112 個詞，很適合跟讀。只有 77% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙難度較高。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中最難的 15 個單詞，附發音和釋義：

單詞	發音	釋義
underscore 名詞	/ˈʌn.dɚˌskoɹ/	下橫線 /下橫線
desperately 副詞	/ˈdɛs.p(ə.)ɹət.li/	拼命地, 死命地
insult 名詞	/ɪnˈsʌlt/	侮辱
immigrant 名詞	/ˈɪmɪɡɹənt/	移民, 移民者
airtime 名詞		通話時間 /通話時間
amoral 形容詞	/eɪˈmɔɹ.əl/	與道德無關的 /與道德無關的, 不屬於道德範疇的 /不屬於道德範疇的
charlatan 名詞	/ˈʃɑɹlətən/	騙子 /騙子, 庸醫 /庸醫
commencement 名詞	/kəˈmɛnsmənt/	畢業禮 /畢業禮, 畢業典禮 /畢業典禮
conformity 名詞	/kənˈfɔːmɪti/	相似性, 同一性
contradictory 形容詞	/ˌkɑntɹəˈdɪktəɹi/	自相矛盾
culprit 名詞	/ˈkʌlpɹɪt/	元兇, 肇事者
deceive 動詞	/dɪˈsiːv/	欺騙 /欺騙, 欺詐 /欺詐
denigrate 動詞	/ˈdɛn.ɪ.ɡɹeɪ̯t/	玷汙, 詆毀 /詆譭
discard 動詞	/dɪsˈkɑɹd/	丟棄 /丟棄, 拋棄 /拋棄
disdain 名詞	/dɪsˈdeɪn/	鄙棄 /鄙棄, 不屑

影片中出現的短語動詞

單詞	釋義
speak out 動詞	表達意見 /表達意見, 主張己見 /主張己見
wear down 動詞	使疲勞 /使疲勞, 使厭煩 /使厭煩

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事	has made · has been · have brought
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	are made · is reinforced · can be waived
定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物	person who easily · man who took · people who have

需要注意的發音

說話人用了 4 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 doesn't, can't, wouldn't。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。

“sh” 和 “zh” 音: charlatan /ˈʃɑɹlətən/, persuasion /pɚˈsweɪʒən/, revulsion /ɹɪˈvʌlʃən/, cherish /ˈt͡ʃɛɹɪʃ/, fashionable /ˈfæʃənəbl̩/
長單詞——注意重音位置: desperately /ˈdɛs.p(ə.)ɹət.li/, conformity /kənˈfɔːmɪti/, contradictory /ˌkɑntɹəˈdɪktəɹi/, dictatorial [dɪktəˈtɔːɹɪəɫ], incipient /ɪnˈsɪp.i.ənt/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
用正常速度逐句跟讀，每句重複到你的節奏與說話人一致為止。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 underscore, desperately, insult 這類單詞。

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: Ken Burns - Stanford Commencement 2016 - shortened - 通過影片學習英語口語

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