跟讀練習: KenBurn 1 - 通過影片學習英語口語
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64 句
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Stanford University.
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Please join me in warmly welcoming our commencement speaker, Ken Burns.
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President Hennessy, members of the Board of Trustees, distinguished faculty and staff, proud and relieved parents,
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calm and serene grandparents, distracted but secretly pleased siblings,
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ladies and gentlemen, graduating students of the class of 2016, good morning.
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I am deeply honored and privileged that you have asked me here to say a few words at so momentous an occasion,
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that you might find what I have to say worthy of your attention on so important a day,
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especially one with such historical significance.
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125 years.
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Wow.
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Thank you, too, for that generous introduction, President Hennessey.
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I always feel compelled, though, to inoculate myself against such praise by remembering
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that I have on my refrigerator door at home an old and now faded cartoon that shows two men standing in hell,
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flames licking up around them, and one guy says to the other, apparently my over 200 screen credits didn't mean a damn thing.
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They don't, of course.
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There is much more meaning in your accomplishments, which we memorialize today.
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I am in the business of memorializing, of history.
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It is not always a popular subject on college campuses today,
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particularly when at times it may seem to some an anachronistic and irrelevant pursuit,
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particularly with the ferocious urgency this moment seems to exert on us.
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It is my job, however, to remind people with story,
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memory, anecdote, feeling of the power our past also exerts to help us better understand what's going on now.
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It is my job to try to discern patterns and themes from history,
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to enable us to interpret our dizzying and sometimes dismaying present.
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For nearly 40 years now,
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I have diligently practiced and rigorously maintained a conscious neutrality in my work,
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avoiding the advocacy of many of my colleagues trying to speak to all of my fellow citizens.
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Over those decades of historical documentary filmmaking, I have also come to the realization that history is not a fixed thing,
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a collection of precise dates, facts, and events that add up to a quantifiable, certain, confidently known truth.
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History is a mysterious and malleable thing, constantly changing, not just as new information emerges,
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but as our own interests, emotions, and inclinations change.
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Each generation rediscovers and re-examines that part of the past which gives its present new meaning,
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new possibility, and new power.
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The question becomes for us now, for you especially, what will we choose as our inspiration?
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Which distant events and long-dead figures will provide us with the greatest help,
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the most coherent context, and the wisdom simply to go forward.
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This is, in part, an existential question.
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None of us get out of here alive.
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An exception will not be made in your case, and you'll live forever.
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You can't actually design your life.
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If you want to make God laugh, the saying goes, Tell her your plans.
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The hard times and vicissitudes of life will ultimately visit everyone.
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You will come to realize that you are less defined by the good things that happen to you, your moments of happiness and apparent control,
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than you are by those misfortunes and unexpected challenges
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that in fact shape you more definitively and help to solidify your true character, the measure of any human value.
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You, especially, know that the conversation that comes out of tragedy and injustice needs to be encouraged,
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emphasis on courage.
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It is through those conversations that we make progress.
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A mentor of mine, the journalist Tom Brokaw, recently said to me, what we learn is more important than what we set out to do.
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It's tough out there, but so beautiful too.
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And history, memory, can prepare you.
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I have a searing memory of the summer of 1962 when I was almost nine, joining our family dinner on a hot,
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sweltering day in a tract house in a development in Newark, Delaware, and seeing my mother crying.
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She had just learned, and my brother and I had just been told, that she would be dead of cancer within six months.
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But that's not what was causing her tears.
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Our inadequate health insurance had practically bankrupted us, and our neighbors, equally struggling working people,
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had taken up a collection and presented my parents with six crisp twenty dollar bills, one hundred and twenty dollars in total,
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enough to keep us solvent for more than a month.
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In that moment, I understood something about community and courage, about constant struggle and little victories.
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That hot June evening was a victory
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and I have spent my entire professional life trying to resurrect small moments within the larger sweep of American history,
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trying to find our better angels in the most difficult of circumstances,
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trying to wake the dead to hear their stories.
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But how do we keep that...
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這段影片共有 64 個句子、805 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 6:27。 說話人語速平穩，每分鐘約 125 個詞，很適合跟讀。 只有 81% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙難度較高。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| courage 名詞 | /ˈkʌ.ɹɪd͡ʒ/ | 勇氣 /勇氣, 膽量 /膽量 |
| angel 名詞 | /ˈeɪ̯n.d͡ʒəl/ | тянщян, 天使 |
| encourage 動詞 | /ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/ | 鼓勵 /鼓勵, 激勵 /激勵 |
| deeply 副詞 | /ˈdi(ː)pli/ | 深, 深深 |
| happiness 名詞 | /ˈhæpinɪs/ | 幸福, 快樂 /快樂 |
| citizen 名詞 | /ˈsɪtɪzən/ | 市民 |
| equally 副詞 | /ˈiːkwəli/ | 一樣地 /一樣地, 同樣地 /同樣地 |
| journalist 名詞 | /ˈd͡ʒɝnəlɪst/ | 記者 /記者, 新聞工作者 /新聞工作者 |
| occasion 名詞 | /əˈkeɪ̯ʒən/ | 場合 /場合, 機會 /機會 |
| remind 動詞 | /ɹəˈmaɪnd/ | 提醒 |
| exception 名詞 | /əkˈsɛpʃən/ | 排除 |
| tear 動詞 | /tɛɹ/ | 撕, 撕破 |
| apparent 形容詞 | /əˈpæɹənt/ | 明確的 |
| faculty 名詞 | /ˈfæk.əl.ti/ | 系 |
| define 動詞 | /dɪˈfaɪn/ | 界定 |
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事 | have asked · have also come · have spent |
| 被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的 | will not be made · be encouraged · been told |
需要注意的發音
說話人用了 4 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 can't, didn't, don't。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: inspiration /ˌɪn.spɪˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, occasion /əˈkeɪ̯ʒən/, exception /əkˈsɛpʃən/, emotion /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/, conscious /ˈkɑn.ʃəs/
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: inspiration /ˌɪn.spɪˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, documentary /ˌdɒk.jʊˈmɛn.tɹi/, unexpected /ʌnɪkˈspɛktɪd/, practically /ˈpɹæk.tɪ.k(ə.)li/, significance /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 用正常速度逐句跟讀，每句重複到你的節奏與說話人一致為止。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 courage, angel, encourage 這類單詞。
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。