शैडोइंग अभ्यास: Ken Burns - Stanford Commencement 2016 - shortened - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें

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You know, it's terribly fashionable these days to criticize the United States government, the institution Lincoln was trying to save,

to blame it for all the ills known to humankind.

And my goodness, ladies and gentlemen, let's be honest, it has made more than its fair share of catastrophic mistakes.

But you would be hard pressed to find in all of human history a greater force for good.

From our Declaration of Independence to our Constitution and Bill of Rights, from Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation and the 13th,

14th, 15th, and women 19th Amendments, to the Land Grant College and Homestead Acts,

from the Transcontinental Railroad and our National Parks to Child Labor Laws, Social Security, and the National Labor Relation Acts,

from the GI Bill and the Interstate Highway System to putting a man on the moon and the affordable Care Act,

the United States government has been the author of many of the best aspects of our public and personal lives.

But if you tune in to politics, if you listen to the rhetoric of this election cycle,

you you are made painfully aware that everything is going to hell in a handbasket,

and the chief culprit is our evil government.

Part of the reason this kind of criticism sticks is

because we live in an age of social media where we are constantly assured that we are all independent, free agents.

But that free agency is essentially unconnected to real community,

divorced from civic engagement, duped into believing in our own lonely primacy

by a sophisticated media culture that requires you know desperately needs you to live in an all-consuming disposable present,

wearing the right blue jeans, driving the right car, carrying the right handbag, eating at all the right places,

blissfully unaware of the historical tides that have brought us to this moment blissfully uninterested in where those tides might take us.

Our spurious sovereignty is reinforced and perpetually underscored to our obvious and great comfort.

But this kind of existence actually ingrains in us a stultifying sameness that rewards conformity,

not courage, ignorance and anti-intellectualism, not critical thinking.

This wouldn't be so bad if we were just wasting our own lives.

But this year, our political future depends on it.

And there comes a time when I and you can no longer remain neutral, silent.

We must speak up and speak out.

For 216 years, our elections,

though bitterly contested, have featured the philosophies and characters of candidates who were clearly qualified.

That is not the case this year.

One is glaringly not qualified.

So before you do anything with your well-earned degree,

you must do everything you can to defeat the retrograde forces that have invaded our democratic process,

divided our house, to fight against, no matter your political persuasion,

the dictatorial tendencies of the candidate with zero experience in the much malign but subtle art of governance.

Who is against lots of things, but doesn't seem to be for anything,

offering only bombastic and contradictory promises and terrifying Orwellian statesman.

A person who easily lies, creating an environment where the truth doesn't seem to matter,

who has never demonstrated any interest in anyone or anything but himself and his own enrichment.

who insults veterans, threatens a free press, mocks the handicap, denigrates women, immigrants, and all Muslims.

A man who took more than a day to remember to disavow a supporter who advocates white supremacy

and the Ku Klux Klan.

An infantile, bullying man who, depending on his mood, is willing to discard old and established alliances,

treaties, and long-standing relationships.

I feel genuine sorrow for the understandably scared and they feel powerless people who have flocked to his campaign

in the mistaken belief that, as often happens on TV,

a wand can be waived and every complicated problem can be solved with the simplest of solutions.

They can't.

It is a political Ponzi scheme.

And asking this man to assume the highest office in the land

would be like asking a newly minted car driver to fly a 747.

As a student of history, I recognize this type.

He emerges everywhere and in all eras.

We see nurtured in his campaign an incipient proto-fascism,

a nativist, anti-immigrant know-nothingism, a disrespect for the judiciary,

the prospect of women losing authority over their own bodies, African Americans again asked to go to the back of the line,

voter suppression gleefully promoted, jingoistic saber-rattling, a total lack of historical awareness,

a political paranoia that predictably points fingers, always making the other wrong.

These are all virulent strains that have at times infected us in the past,

but they now loom in front of us again, all happening at once.

We know from our history books that these are the diseases of ancient and now fallen empires.

The sense of commonwealth, of shared sacrifice, of trust, so much a part of American life is eroding fast,

spurred along and amplified by an amoral internet

that permits a lie to circle the globe three times before the truth can get started.

We no longer have the luxury of neutrality or balance or even bemused disdain.

Many of our media institutions have largely failed to expose this charlatan,

torn between a nagging responsibility to good journalism and the big ratings a media circus always delivers.

In fact, they have given him the abundant airtime he so desperately craves,

so much so that it has actually worn down our natural human revulsion to this kind of behavior.

Hey, he's rich.

He must be doing something right.

He's not.

Edward R.

Murrow would have exposed this naked emperor months ago.

He is an insult to our history.

And do not be deceived by his momentary good behavior.

It's only a spoiled, misbehaving child hoping somehow to still have dessert.

This ...

And do not think that the tragedy in Orlando underscores his points.

It does not.

We must disenthrall ourselves, as Abraham Lincoln said, from the culture of violence and guns, and then we shall save our country.

This, ladies and gentlemen, is not a liberal or conservative issue, a red state, blue state divide.

This is an American issue.

Many honorable people, including the last two Republican presidents, members of the party of Abraham Lincoln,

have declined to support him.

And I implore those Vichy Republicans who have endorsed him to please, please reconsider.

We must remain committed to the kindness and community that are the hallmarks of civilization and reject the troubling,

unfiltered Tourette's of his tribalism.

The next few months of your commencement, that is to say your future, will be critical to the survival of the Republic.

The occasion is piled high with difficulty.

Let us pledge here today

that we will not let this happen to the exquisite yet deeply flawed land we all love

and cherish and hope to leave intact to our posterity.

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इस पाठ की शब्दावली और बोलने के सुझाव

यह C1 स्तर का स्पीकिंग पाठ वीडियो “Ken Burns - Stanford Commencement 2016 - shortened” पर आधारित है। इस वीडियो में शैडोइंग के लिए 93 वाक्य और 1171 शब्द हैं। बोला गया हिस्सा 10:26 लंबा है। वक्ता लगभग 112 शब्द प्रति मिनट की स्थिर गति से बोलता है, जो शैडोइंग के लिए आरामदायक है। केवल 77% शब्द अंग्रेज़ी के 3,000 सबसे आम शब्दों में से हैं, इसलिए शब्दावली कठिन है।

इस वीडियो की मुख्य शब्दावली

वीडियो के 15 सबसे कठिन शब्द, उच्चारण और अर्थ के साथ:

शब्द	उच्चारण	अर्थ
insult संज्ञा	/ɪnˈsʌlt/	अपमान, अनादर
immigrant संज्ञा	/ˈɪmɪɡɹənt/	आप्रवासी, मुहाजिर
airtime संज्ञा		एयरटाइम
amoral विशेषण	/eɪˈmɔɹ.əl/	निर्नैतिक, नीति निरपेक्ष
charlatan संज्ञा	/ˈʃɑɹlətən/	कपटी, ढोंगी
commencement संज्ञा	/kəˈmɛnsmənt/	प्रारंभ, आरंभ
deceive क्रिया	/dɪˈsiːv/	धोखा देना
disdain संज्ञा	/dɪsˈdeɪn/	तिरस्कार
handbag संज्ञा	/ˈhændˌbæɡ/	हैंडबैग
misbehave क्रिया		दुर्व्यवहार, दुराचार
momentary विशेषण	/ˈmoʊmənˌtɛɹi/	क्षणभंगुर
paranoia संज्ञा	/ˌpæɹ.əˈnɔɪ.ə/	संविभ्रम
powerless विशेषण	/ˈpaʊɚləs/	शक्तिहीन
primacy संज्ञा	/ˈpɹaɪ.mə.si/	प्राथमिकता, वरीयता
rattle संज्ञा	/ˈɹæ.təl/	झुनझुना

इस वीडियो का व्याकरण

वक्ता जिन संरचनाओं का सबसे अधिक प्रयोग करता है, वीडियो के असली शब्दों के साथ:

संरचना	वीडियो में
Present perfect have/has + past participle — बीता हुआ काम जिसका असर अभी भी है	has made · has been · have brought
Passive voice be + past participle — ज़ोर इस पर कि क्या होता है, न कि कौन करता है	are made · is reinforced · can be waived
Relative clauses who / which + उपवाक्य — व्यक्ति या वस्तु के बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारी	person who easily · man who took · people who have

ध्यान देने योग्य उच्चारण

वक्ता 4 बार संक्षिप्त रूपों का प्रयोग करता है, जैसे doesn't, can't, wouldn't। इन्हें वैसे ही छोटा बोलें जैसा आप सुनते हैं।

“sh” और “zh” की ध्वनियाँ: charlatan /ˈʃɑɹlətən/, persuasion /pɚˈsweɪʒən/, revulsion /ɹɪˈvʌlʃən/, cherish /ˈt͡ʃɛɹɪʃ/, fashionable /ˈfæʃənəbl̩/
लंबे शब्द — बलाघात सही रखें: desperately /ˈdɛs.p(ə.)ɹət.li/, conformity /kənˈfɔːmɪti/, contradictory /ˌkɑntɹəˈdɪktəɹi/, dictatorial [dɪktəˈtɔːɹɪəɫ], incipient /ɪnˈsɪp.i.ənt/

इस वीडियो से अभ्यास कैसे करें

पहले बिना बोले पूरा वीडियो एक बार सुनें और जो शब्द नहीं आते उन्हें लिख लें।
सामान्य गति पर एक-एक वाक्य की शैडोइंग करें और हर वाक्य तब तक दोहराएँ जब तक आपकी लय वक्ता से न मिल जाए।
अपनी आवाज़ रिकॉर्ड करें और मूल से तुलना करें, ख़ासकर insult, immigrant, airtime जैसे शब्दों पर ध्यान दें।

शैडोइंग तकनीक क्या है?

शैडोइंग (Shadowing) एक विज्ञान-समर्थित भाषा सीखने की तकनीक है जो मूल रूप से पेशेवर दुभाषिया प्रशिक्षण के लिए विकसित की गई थी। विधि सरल लेकिन शक्तिशाली है: आप मूल अंग्रेज़ी ऑडियो सुनते हैं और तुरंत इसे ज़ोर से दोहराते हैं — जैसे वक्ता की छाया 1-2 सेकंड की देरी से। शोध से पता चलता है कि यह उच्चारण सटीकता, स्वर, लय, जुड़ी हुई ध्वनियाँ, सुनने की समझ और बोलने की प्रवाहशीलता में काफ़ी सुधार करता है।

शैडोइंग तकनीक: पूरी चरण-दर-चरण गाइड पढ़ें →

शैडोइंग अभ्यास: Ken Burns - Stanford Commencement 2016 - shortened - वीडियो के साथ अंग्रेजी बोलना सीखें

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