ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: Most Europeans Choose ETFs Wrong (Here’s How to Do It Right)

เลือกโหมดฝึก

แต่ละโหมดจะเปิดห้องฝึกแบบเต็มจอ

313 ประโยค

หากประโยคสั้นหรือยาวเกินไป กดที่ Edit เพื่อปรับแก้

ETFs are fantastic for growing your money, but here in Europe there are more than 4 ,000 to choose from.

Even if you just want one fund that tracks the S &P 500, there are almost 40 different ETFs doing exactly that.

So how do you pick the best one for you?

Over my two decades as a professional investor, both on Wall Street and as a pension fund CEO here in Europe,

I've invested hundreds of millions of euros in ETFs and their cousin's index funds.

And in this video, I'll walk you step -by -step through how to choose ETFs as a European investor.

I'll do it live on screen using JustETF .com, the same free tool that I use for my own portfolio.

As you can see, right now, JustETF says we have around 4 ,470 different ETFs to choose from.

By the end of this video, we'll get the list down to just a handful.

Now, before we start clicking buttons here, we've got to make a few important decisions that most beginning investors skip completely.

Decision number one.

Where will you keep your ETFs?

And no, I'm not talking about the brokerage or investment platform.

That's coming up later.

I'm talking about the tax structure.

If you just open a regular brokerage account for buying ETFs, in most countries, all your profits will get taxed in full.

And that can become a big drag on your portfolio.

But many countries in Europe have some kind of special account, which lets you invest with lower taxes.

In the best cases, you can even invest tax -free.

In the UK, you have the ISA.

In France, the PEA.

In Hungary, the TBSZ.

But there is another important detail.

The account that you choose can also influence which investments you're allowed to buy.

For example, a French PEA is restricted to European investments, although if you know what you're doing,

you can still buy a global ETF inside a PEA.

While in Finland, the The Osake Sastoteli account doesn't allow you to hold ETFs at all.

Many countries also have retirement accounts, like the PRSA in Ireland or the Ike in Poland.

Retirement accounts give you tax benefits, but there's a price.

You typically can't touch the money until you retire.

These accounts can be very attractive in your 50s and 60s,

but younger investors often prefer to keep at least part of their investments out of these accounts,

just in case you need the money to buy a house or start a business.

So that's the first decision you have to make.

What type of account will your ETFs sit in?

Then you can make decision number two, which brokerage or investment platform to use for buying ETFs.

Ideally you want a platform that is safe, low cost, good for taxes, and offers a wide selection of ETFs.

If you're looking for a special tax -advantaged account like an ISA or PEA,

that's going to narrow your selection down to the brokerages which offer this account type.

Mostly it's going to be the banks and brokerages in your own country.

But if you're looking for a regular taxable account, you've got a lot of good choices these days.

For beginning investors investing small sums, it's hard to go wrong with low -cost, easy -to -use brokerages like Trading212, Trade Republic, or DeGiro.

While if you're looking to invest a big sum of money, you might prefer industry giants, such as Interactive Brokers, Saxo,

or even Swissquote, a Switzerland -based platform, which is a bit expensive, but a favorite among my wealthier students.

Just make sure that whichever platform you choose, it's a good match for investors in your country.

For example, investors from Eastern Europe often complain that the ETF selection at Saxo is relatively limited, while investors in Switzerland often use

Interactive Brokers because they can choose from both US and European ETFs without having to pay the so -called

Swiss stamp duty when buying and selling the funds.

Okay, so now we've made decision number two.

And once you have chosen a good low cost brokerage or investment platform, you are ready to start buying ETFs.

So let's return to justetf .com and narrow down this list of more than 4 ,400 different ETFs.

For decision number three, let's decide what goes inside the ETFs.

A lot of beginning investors think an ETF is its own type of investment.

You've got stocks, you've got bonds, gold, crypto, and ETFs.

But that's actually wrong.

An ETF is like a shopping bag.

It can hold many different kinds of investments inside.

So here at the top left side of JustETF, we can see ETFs that invest in equities.

So that's another name for stocks.

You've got over 2 ,600 of them.

We've got ETFs that invest in bonds.

We've got products that invest in precious metals and commodities and crypto.

We've got ETFs investing in real estate and money market funds and so forth.

So decision number three is which type of investment do you want to make?

In reality, there can be a role for all these investments in a portfolio.

But in my view, only two of these are absolutely essential for smart long -term investors.

Those two investments are stocks and bonds.

So basically, stocks are the growth engine of long -term investing.

When you buy stocks, you own a piece of real companies like Apple or Coca -Cola or Airbus.

That means you've got real people going to work every day to make you money, and that is really powerful.

Over the past 50 years, developed world stocks have earned their owners around 9 % per year on average.

And that's been enough to transform $10 ,000 invested 50 years ago into three quarters of a million today.

This is why most experts recommend stock ETFs as the foundation of your portfolio.

But stock ETFs do have a big drawback.

Especially in the short to medium term, the stock market can be pretty scary.

In a big crash, stock ETFs can fall 40%, 50 % or even more and they can stay down for years.

That is why many investors also include bond ETFs in their portfolio.

So the idea is that bonds are supposed to be the calm part of your portfolio.

A bond is basically a loan to a government or a company,

and because all loans must be repaid no matter what is happening in the news, bond prices are much more stable than stock prices.

A bond ETF typically moves up and down much less, so it helps protect your portfolio from crashes.

So for decision number three, we're going to stick to stocks and bonds in this video.

But this leads us naturally to decision number four.

Once you decide to invest in stocks and bonds, you have to decide how much you're going to put into each of them.

Yes, bonds lower the risk of your portfolio, but because they are so safe, they also tend to be a lot less profitable than stocks.

So if you want to grow your savings while still protecting them, you have to find the ideal balance, how much into stocks versus bonds.

If you're 40 and investing for retirement, you might put 100 % of your money into stock ETFs.

This gives you the highest possible expected profit, and if the market crashes, you've got plenty of time.

You can simply wait for things to recover.

But if you're retired and you're living off your portfolio right now, losing half your money in a crash could be a real disaster.

That is why many older people keep a big part of their portfolio in bond ETFs, maybe 40 % or 50%.

Now, of course, the decision is not only about age.

It's also about your nerves.

If you're somebody who loses sleep at night worrying about market crashes,

you probably don't want to be 100 % in stocks even if you're just 25 years old.

So that's decision number four.

Decide whether you will invest 100 % in stocks, maybe 60 -40 stocks and bonds like many retirees, or in some other proportion.

For this video, I will focus on stock ETFs because that's what people ask me for most frequently,

but I also have videos on bond ETFs in this channel if you're interested.

100

Okay, so I'm going to click equity here on JustETF, and that means now we can choose from 2 ,655 different ETFs.

101

We're ready to make decision number five, which many European investors completely overlook.

102

And this means they end up taking a lot more risk than they realize.

103

You see, beginning investors often assume that investing in ETFs means just buying an S &P 500 ETF.

104

So the S &P 500 is the index of 500 large American companies.

105

If you look at JustETF .com, you're going to see that the most popular ETF here with the most funds invested,

106

141 billion euros, is the iShares core S &P 500 usage ETF.

107

And I understand that.

108

Over the past 15 -20 years, the S &P 500 has been a fantastic investment.

109

But if you make this choice, you should be aware that all your money gets invested in America.

110

And even though the companies in the S &P 500 are global, you do become very exposed to the economy,

111

currency, and politics of a single country.

112

Now, I'm not saying it's a bad choice, but when they stop to think about it, many Europeans realize this is not what they actually want,

113

especially in today's geopolitical environment.

114

Now, happily, it turns out America is not the whole world.

115

You can also invest in other stock markets around the globe.

116

And historically, many other markets have also done very well.

117

For example, the second most popular choice here on JustETF is the iShares Core MSCI World USITS ETF,

118

which covers over 1 ,200 different companies in different developed countries.

119

Although even this global fund is quite exposed to America, so if we take a closer look, if we open it up here on JustETF,

120

and if we go to holdings, we see that 70 % of this fund is invested in the US market.

121

And NVIDIA has a weight of 5 .5 % of the whole funds.

122

So that means one company takes 5 .5 % of your money, which is approximately as much as Japan, the entire country of Japan takes.

123

So even an MSCI World ETF is a lot more concentrated than a lot of people realize.

124

Now, if you keep scrolling here, you can see ETFs like this one, the Vanguard FTSE all world used to ETF, which also includes emerging markets,

125

so you get a little more diversification.

126

Or you can find a fund like this one, the Amundi Core Stocks Europe 600 usage ETF, which invests in European companies.

127

It leaves American companies out entirely.

128

It is also possible to find ETFs like this one, which invests globally, but leaves out American stocks completely.

129

This type of strategy has become a lot more popular in recent years with European investors.

130

So this is the fifth decision you need to make.

131

Where will you invest geographically? what aligns best with your view of where you want to invest

132

and where the world is heading.

133

Now for our video, I will focus on global ETFs.

134

So I'm going to go here to region and I will select world.

135

So that leaves us with 866 different ETFs to look at.

136

At this point, I should pause to mention a trap that I see people fall into all the time.

137

You buy a world ETF, but then you decide that one ETF is not enough because you've got to diversify, right?

138

So you buy an S &P 500 ETF on top.

139

But the problem is, these funds overlap.

140

The world fund is already mostly invested in America.

141

So with half of your money in each fund, you actually end up with 86 % in America, which is not that diversified at all.

142

The point is, don't add ETFs to your portfolio just for the sake of diversification make sure

143

that every fund serves a purpose, like covering a market or investment that your other funds do not.

144

Alright, next up, there's a decision that is really important for a lot of my investment students.

145

They ask me, can I invest in a way that matches my personal values?

146

Maybe you don't want your money invested in companies that manufacture weapons or sell tobacco or run casinos.

147

The good news is there are a lot of ETFs today which are designed for socially responsible investing, SRI.

148

But the bad news is there really are a lot of them and it's not easy to choose.

149

For example, on JustETF, we can go down here to sustainability and we can select only sustainable ETFs.

150

And that leaves us now with 452 different funds to look at.

151

And if you start scrolling through these funds and actually reading where they invest,

152

you will discover that every fund defines sustainable investing in a different way.

153

One fund might exclude weapons manufacturers, but allow oil and gas.

154

Another might exclude oil and gas, but tobacco might be included.

155

So you have to find what matches your personal preferences.

156

Now, unfortunately, there are some significant drawbacks to these types of sustainable ETFs.

157

First, because you're excluding many companies, your portfolio will naturally become a lot less diversified.

158

For example, let's look at this iShares MSCI World SRI, Socially Responsible Investing, use its ETF.

159

If I open it up, I see that it only has 359 different stocks compared to over 1 ,200 for the full MSCI World Index.

160

So your money is a lot more concentrated.

161

And second, there's unfortunately very little evidence that SRI investing actually encourages companies to behave better or more ethically.

162

If it is personally important to you that your money not be invested in specific kinds of companies, you can probably find funds that exclude them.

163

But for our video, I will leave this checkbox, the sustainable investing checkbox, unchecked.

164

Coming up next, we've got a decision that's behind some of the most expensive mistakes I see smart investors make all the time.

165

But before I explain it, here's a thought.

166

As you can probably see by now, there is no such thing as one ETF that is right for everybody in Europe.

167

The right ETFs for you depend on your age, your goals, how much risk you can handle,

168

and the tax rules in the country where you live.

169

An ETF that works great for an investor in Germany could be a poor choice for somebody in Spain.

170

Well, to solve this exact problem, I have built a step -by -step training program for European investors, and it's called the Index Masterclass.

171

To find out more about it, just follow the first link in the description of this video.

172

All right, but now let's get to the next decision, decision number seven, which is behind many expensive mistakes that European investors make.

173

On JustETF, you will see these two separate sections which say sector and down below theme.

174

So a sector ETF invests in one industry like financials or healthcare or industrials or retail.

175

A theme ETF invests in a specific investment theme like battery technology or biotech or blockchain or cybersecurity and so forth.

176

People often come to me and they say AI is going to change the world.

177

Should I buy an AI ETF?

178

Or maybe they say there's going to be a lot of demand for energy.

179

Should I buy an energy ETF?

180

And yes, you can use sector and theme ETFs to bet on big ideas like this, but you should be aware of the risks.

181

You see, by the time a particular sector or theme comes to your attention, chances are a lot of investors already know about it.

182

In fact, you're probably hearing about it because there's hype and stock prices are already quite high.

183

And that means you may be coming in late.

184

Take clean energy as an example.

185

In 2020, in the middle of COVID, the biggest clean energy ETF in Europe skyrocketed.

186

The price shot up.

187

And as the hype grew, more investors piled in their money, which in turn drove stock prices even higher and attracted more investors.

188

Then in January 2021, the fund peaked.

189

And by the end of 2024, it lost half its value.

190

Judging from a January 2020 starting point, the ETF still made a small 9 % profit over the following five years.

191

But because many investors piled in at the top of the hype, they bought at expensive prices and they lost a lot of their money.

192

To profit from betting on sectors and themes, you have to get the timing right twice, when to get in and when to get out.

193

And that is incredibly hard.

194

That is why for this video, I'm going to go ahead and choose no sectors here and no theme here.

195

So what this means is that I want funds which invest broadly in many different kinds of companies and industries.

196

So right now we've got 385 different ETFs to look at.

197

Now the next decision we have to make is called equity strategy here on just ETF.

198

Okay, so this menu is a bit of a hodgepodge of different things, but they include some well -known stock investing strategies such as momentum investing,

199

value investing, and fundamental or quality investing.

200

Now, these are all examples of what's called factor investing.

201

Instead of buying the whole market, factor ETFs lean towards a certain type of company.

202

For example, value funds buy companies that look cheap compared to their profits.

203

Momentum funds buy stocks that have been rising recently.

204

Factor investing is a legitimate approach with a lot of good research behind it.

205

But I do see this as more of an advanced strategy for investors who know what they're doing.

206

Because with factor investing, your results will not look like everybody else's.

207

When the overall market is doing great, you might be suffering and vice versa.

208

And it takes a lot of conviction and strong nerves to deal with that.

209

Now for some investors this could absolutely be appropriate but for our video I will go ahead and select no equity strategy.

210

What that means is that we'll invest in the entire stock market

211

and historically this has been a very profitable way to invest over the long term.

212

Okay but we still have 132 different ETFs to choose from so how do we narrow this list down further?

213

Well now it's time to get technical.

214

This is the real nerdy stuff that I love.

215

Decision Question number nine is called the fund domicile.

216

You can find it down here on JustETF.

217

The fund domicile is where the fund is legally based.

218

If you watch American YouTubers, they will tell you to just buy an America -based ETF like VOO or SPY.

219

But when you try to buy these funds at your broker here in the EU or the UK, you get denied.

220

That's because of EU regulations.

221

American funds don't publish the standard key information document that every fund sold to private investors in Europe needs to have.

222

Now, happily, virtually every U .S.

223

ETF that you might want to buy has a twin brother

224

that we can buy established in a European country like Ireland or Luxembourg.

225

In fact, all of the ETFs you see on JustETF are based in Europe.

226

Now, in most cases, which fund domicile you choose makes very little difference.

227

But if a fund physically holds American stocks, Ireland does have a significant edge because the fund pays less tax on American dividends.

228

So for this demonstration, I'm going to go ahead and pick Ireland.

229

So that leaves us with 94 ETFs to choose from.

230

We're making some progress.

231

Next up, decision number 10, the replication method.

232

On just ETF, you could choose between full replication, sampling, and swap -based replication.

233

A fully replicated ETF actually goes out and buys all the stocks in its index.

234

For example, an MSCI World ETF would buy the 1200 plus stocks in the index.

235

A sampling -based ETF would buy a lot, but not all of the stocks,

236

while a swap -based ETF doesn't buy the stocks in the index at all.

237

Instead, it uses a bit of financial wizardry to get you the same financial result.

238

Now, swap -based ETFs are normally considered a little riskier, and I do tend to prefer fully replicated or sampled ETFs myself,

239

because with those, you know exactly what you own.

240

But in some cases, swap -based ETFs can make sense.

241

For example, if you're investing in the U .S stock market,

242

swap -based ETFs tend to get slightly better results because they don't pay dividend taxes in America.

243

And for another example, do you remember the PEA account, the special kind of account for French investors, which gets you tax benefits?

244

Well, if you want to invest in a global ETF inside a PEA account, the only way to do that is with a swap based ETF.

245

So in some cases, these ETFs can make sense, but for our video, I will stick with full replication and sampling.

246

That's these two check marks.

247

Now we have 77 ETFs.

248

And next up, we've got decision number 11, the use of profit.

249

Basically, you need to choose between accumulating and distributing ETFs.

250

And here's the idea.

251

An ETF owns companies like L 'Oreal or Coca -Cola.

252

And when those companies make profits, they pay part of those profits to the fund as dividends.

253

A distributing ETF passes that cash on to you.

254

The money lands in your brokerage account and you can spend it or invest it.

255

An accumulating ETF keeps the cash inside the fund and uses it to buy more stocks.

256

Nothing shows up in your brokerage account, but your ETF grows a bit faster.

257

Now, which one should you choose?

258

Well, it depends on your situation.

259

In most European countries, accumulating ETFs are better for taxes.

260

No cash arriving in your account means there's no dividend tax today.

261

You only pay tax later when you sell.

262

But that is not true everywhere.

263

In countries like Austria, Switzerland, Denmark, and the UK, hey, an accumulating fund gets taxed every year anyway, even though you never see any cash.

264

And your age matters too.

265

If you're retired and you want a regular income, a distributing fund does mean regular money coming into your account.

266

In my view, it's not a big benefit

267

because you can always create your own income by selling fund units whenever you need the money, but some people like that.

268

For our video, I'm going to stick with accumulating ETFs.

269

So that means we've got 51 ETFs to choose from.

270

For decision number 12, let's look at fund size.

271

Now, in general, fund size doesn't matter much to results,

272

but smaller funds run the risk of getting shut down simply because they're not profitable enough for the fund provider.

273

This happens relatively frequently.

274

And if it does happen, it can be a bit of a hassle to reinvest the money and you might need to pay some taxes.

275

So I generally prefer funds over the size of 100 million euros

276

or even 500 million euros if we're looking at a popular strategy like global stock investing.

277

So let me select that right now, and that leaves us with 26 different ETFs to look at.

278

Okay, and now we get to decision number 13.

279

For too many investors, this is actually the first thing they focus on, but that's a mistake.

280

This final filter is very important, but it should come last after all your other decisions are made,

281

because this way you're comparing apples to apples, not apples to lawnmowers.

282

Of course, I'm talking about fund costs.

283

As index fund legend

284

Jack Bogle said, in investing, you get what you don't pay for.

285

On average, the lower your fees, the better your expected result.

286

And that's certainly true with ETFs.

287

That said, it makes zero sense to compare fees between one fund

288

that invests in the broad US stock market and another that invests in European banking stocks.

289

That's why we compare fund fees at the end of the ETF filtering process.

290

And the easiest way to do it is to click here on TER,

291

the total expense ratio, and then you'll have the lowest cost funds at the top.

292

So at this point, what I would typically do is open up maybe the top five to 10 funds in their own tab

293

and look at them and compare the strategies because we've got a few different strategies here.

294

We've got developed world funds like this one.

295

We've got all country funds like this one, which also include emerging markets.

296

So I would open them up.

297

I would go one by one through the different tabs.

298

I would look at the holdings and the strategy

299

and the key information document and the costs and all of

300

that and select one or two funds that I want in my portfolio.

301

So this is how with this final filter,

302

you narrow the list from those 4 ,000 different ETFs that we had at the beginning to just five to 10,

303

a handful, and it's much easier to make your final decision.

304

Now, in practice, there are several important decisions that you need to make to build a good portfolio?

305

Which type of account is best for taxes in your country?

306

What brokerage is the best fit for your account size and your goals?

307

How much should you put into stocks versus bonds and which geographical markets should you choose?

308

And last but not least, how do you handle your taxes?

309

Here on this channel, I help you answer these questions one video at a time.

310

But if you'd like a faster solution, take a look at the Index Masterclass, my step -by -step training program for European investors.

311

It takes you from A to Z through all these decisions.

312

It includes local tax insights covering 34 European countries, and I am there personally to answer your questions.

313

To find out more, just follow the first link in the description.

ดาวน์โหลดแอป

ทุกอย่างที่ต้องใช้เพื่อพูดได้คล่อง

AI ให้คะแนนการออกเสียงให้คะแนนทุกประโยค

ฝึก IPAเชี่ยวชาญทุกเสียง

คำศัพท์สร้างคลังคำของคุณ

เกมคำศัพท์เล่นไปเรียนไป

สแกน QR

Download on theApp Store Get it onGoogle Play

FOR YOU

วิดีโอแนะนำ

232 ประโยค

An economist’s 4-point framework for making decisions in volatile times | Dambisa Moyo

Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults

764 ประโยค

Bill Ackman: Is Permanent Capital an Investor’s Biggest Edge? | Podcast | In Good Company

Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults

147 ประโยค

It Took Me 7,000+ Trades to Learn What I’ll Teach You in 8 Minutes

Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults

179 ประโยค

How England’s football league is breaking the sport

Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students

322 ประโยค

How To Make More Money Than You Deserve (My 2027 Framework)

Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults

คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้

บทเรียนฝึกพูดนี้ใช้วิดีโอ “Most Europeans Choose ETFs Wrong” เป็นสื่อ คำที่ถูกพูดซ้ำบ่อยที่สุด: Etf, fund, stock, investor, decision วิดีโอนี้มี 313 ประโยค และ 4341 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 24:21 ผู้พูดพูดด้วยความเร็วเป็นธรรมชาติ ประมาณ 178 คำต่อนาที ใกล้เคียงกับบทสนทนาในชีวิตประจำวัน 83% ของคำอยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ ส่วนที่เหลือควรดูไว้ก่อนเริ่มฝึก

คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้

คำที่ควรเรียนรู้ 15 คำจากวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:

คำศัพท์	คำอ่าน	ความหมาย
invest คำกริยา	/ɪnˈvɛst/	ลงทุน, ลงทุนลงแรง
investor คำนาม	/ɪnˈvɛs.tə(ɹ)/	ผู้ลงทุน
select คำกริยา	/sɪˈlɛkt/	คัดเลือก
compare คำกริยา	/kəmˈpɛɚ/	เปรียบเทียบ
narrow คำคุณศัพท์	/ˈnæɹəʊ/	แคบ
euro คำนาม	/ˈjʊɹoʊ/	ยูโร
dividend คำนาม	/ˈdɪvɪdɛnd/	เงินปันผล
filter คำนาม	/ˈfɪltɚ/	กรอง, เครื่องกรอง
retire คำกริยา	/ɹəˈtaɪɹ/	เกษียณ, เกษียณอายุ
nerve คำนาม	/nɝv/	เส้นประสาท, ประสาท
tobacco คำนาม	/təˈbækoʊ/	ยาสูบ, บุหรี่
momentum คำนาม	/ˌmə(ʊ)ˈmɛntəm/	โมเมนตัม
emerge คำกริยา	/ɪˈmɝd͡ʒ/	ผุด
scroll คำนาม	/skɹoʊl/	ม้วนกระดาษ
encourage คำกริยา	/ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/	ให้กำลังใจ, ส่งเสริม

กริยาวลีที่คุณจะได้ยิน

คำศัพท์	ความหมาย
go out คำกริยา	ออก, ออกไป

ประโยคที่ควรฝึกพูดซ้ำ

ประโยคสั้น ๆ ที่สมบูรณ์จากวิดีโอ ซึ่งนำไปใช้ในบทสนทนาประจำวันได้:

I'm talking about the tax structure.
You typically can't touch the money until you retire.
It's also about your nerves.
Where will you invest geographically?
Of course, I'm talking about fund costs.

ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้

โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:

โครงสร้าง	ในวิดีโอ
Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน	I've invested · we've made · have chosen
Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ	is restricted · is invested · is already mostly invested
Relative clauses who / which + อนุประโยค — ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคนหรือสิ่งของ	platform, which is · somebody who loses · money, which is

การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง

ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 69 ครั้ง เช่น you're, we've, I'm ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน

เสียง “th”: wealthy /ˈwɛl.θi/, ethically /ˈɛθɪkəli/
เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: socially /ˈsoʊʃəli/, ratio /ˈɹeɪ.ʃoʊ/, pension /ˈpɛnʃən/, conviction /kənˈvɪkʃən/, proportion /pɹəˈpɔɹʃən/
คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: portfolio /pɔːtˈfəʊ.liˌəʊ/, sustainable /səˈsteɪnəbəl/, naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, historically /hɪˈstɔɹɪkli/, momentum /ˌmə(ʊ)ˈmɛntəm/

เสียงที่คนไทยมักออกเสียงยาก:

เสียงท้ายคำ — ออกเสียงให้ครบ ไม่เปลี่ยนเป็นตัวสะกดแบบไทย: sustainable /səˈsteɪnəbəl/, versus /ˈvɝsəs/, usage /ˈjuːsɪd͡ʒ/, nerve /nɝv/, pile /paɪl/
/v/ — ไม่ใช่ /w/ ให้ฟันบนแตะริมฝีปากล่าง: invest /ɪnˈvɛst/, investor /ɪnˈvɛs.tə(ɹ)/, dividend /ˈdɪvɪdɛnd/, versus /ˈvɝsəs/, nerve /nɝv/
/z/ — เสียงก้อง ไม่ใช่ /s/: disaster /dɪˈzɑːs.təː/, physically /ˈfɪz.ɪ.kli/, pause /pɔːz/, wizardry /ˈwɪzədɹi/

วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้

ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
เริ่มที่ความเร็ว 0.75× พูดตามทีละประโยค แล้วกลับไปใช้ความเร็วปกติเมื่อเริ่มคล่อง
อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง invest, investor, select เป็นพิเศษ

เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?

Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ

เทคนิค shadowing: อ่านคู่มือฉบับเต็มทีละขั้นตอน →

ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: Most Europeans Choose ETFs Wrong (Here’s How to Do It Right)

เลือกโหมดฝึก

ดาวน์โหลดแอป

Why Europe's GDP Growth Is Crippling Its Economy

Quick Study: How Venture Capitalists Make Decisions

Why New Zealand Is the Only Safe Haven Left

Be careful..

The Plan for a Unified Nordic Stock Exchange Explained

Why Are the Dutch So Good at Ecommerce?

No, Really — Is A.I. a Bubble? | The Ezra Klein Show

An economist’s 4-point framework for making decisions in volatile times | Dambisa Moyo

Bill Ackman: Is Permanent Capital an Investor’s Biggest Edge? | Podcast | In Good Company

It Took Me 7,000+ Trades to Learn What I’ll Teach You in 8 Minutes

How England’s football league is breaking the sport

How To Make More Money Than You Deserve (My 2027 Framework)

คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้

คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้

กริยาวลีที่คุณจะได้ยิน

ประโยคที่ควรฝึกพูดซ้ำ

ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้

การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง

วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้

เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?