ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: PTE Retell lecture test 1
กำลังสร้างบทเรียน...
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In today's lecture I'm going to talk about changes in air pollution since the middle of the last century
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and what has created these changes.
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So by the 1950s air pollution was very visible with frequent
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thick black fogs known as smogs in many large cities around the world.
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The main source of this pollution was from factories and it caused severe health problems.
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For example, a particularly severe smog in London in 1952 caused over 4,000 deaths.
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Obviously, something had to be done.
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And in 1956, a Clean Air Act was introduced in Britain.
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This addressed the pollution from factories and the smog soon disappeared.
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However, as you know, these days air pollution is still a big issue.
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The main difference between now and the 1950s is that you can't see it, it's invisible.
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Also, the main source of pollution now is from cars and lorries, and although these don't produce visible signs, this air pollution is still a significant risk to health.
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And one of the key factors in the rise of this type of pollution is
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that we have all become much more vehicle dependent.
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There are far more cars and lorries, trains and planes than in the 1950s, and this is now the main source of air pollution around the world.
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Vocabulary and speaking notes for this lesson
This B2 speaking lesson is built on the video “PTE Retell lecture test 1”. The speaker keeps coming back to these words: pollution, main, smog, source. This video has 15 sentences and 212 words to shadow. The speech runs for 1:23. The speaker talks at a natural 154 words per minute, close to everyday conversation. 83% of the words are among the 3,000 most common in English; the rest is worth studying before you start.
Key vocabulary in this video
The 12 most advanced words in the video, with pronunciation and meaning:
| Word | Pronunciation | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| pollution noun | /pəˈluʃən/ | Physical contamination, now especially the contamination of the environment by harmful substances, or by disruptive levels of noise, light etc. |
| visible adjective | /ˈvɪzɪb(ə)l/ | Able to be seen. |
| thick adjective | /θɪk/ | Relatively great in extent from one surface to the opposite in its smallest solid dimension. |
| introduce verb | /ˌɪntɹəˈdus/ | To cause (someone) to be acquainted (with someone else). |
| dependent adjective | /dɪˈpɛndənt/ | Relying upon; depending upon. |
| frequent adjective | /ˈfɹiː.kwənt/ | Done or occurring often; common. |
| lecture noun | /ˈlɛk.t͡ʃə/ | A spoken lesson or exposition, usually delivered to a group. |
| disappear verb | /dɪsəˈpɪɹ/ | To vanish. |
| invisible adjective | /ɪnˈvɪzəb(ə)l/ | Unable to be seen; out of sight; not visible. |
| fog noun | /fɑɡ/ | A thick cloud that forms near the ground; the obscurity of such a cloud. |
| smog noun | /smɑɡ/ | A noxious mixture of particulates and gases that is the result of urban air pollution. |
| lorry noun | /ˈlɔɹi/ | A large and heavy motor vehicle designed to carry goods or soldiers; a truck |
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | be done · was introduced |
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | has created |
Pronunciation to watch
The speaker uses 3 contractions and reduced forms, such as can't, don't, I'm. Say them the short way, as you hear them.
How to practise with this video
- Listen to the whole video once without speaking and note the words you do not know.
- Start at 0.75× speed, shadow it sentence by sentence, then go back to normal speed once it feels easy.
- Record yourself and compare with the original, paying attention to words like pollution, visible, thick.
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ