ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: The EASY Way to Learn and Remember: SAY / TELL / SPEAK / TALK
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204 ประโยค
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1
Hello, lovely students, and welcome back to English with Lucy.
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Say, tell, speak, and talk.
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What is the difference?
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How do we use them?
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How can we stop making mistakes with them?
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Is it, she said me, or she told me?
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Is it, I need to speak to you, or I need to talk to you?
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I promise you that in this lesson, I will make say, tell, speak and talk crystal clear for you.
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No more problems.
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And to help you, I have also created a free PDF to go with this lesson.
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It contains all of the information from this lesson, plus more examples and more information,
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and some secret interactive activities.
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Use these for further practice.
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If you would like to download the free PDF, just click on the link in the description box or scan the QR code there.
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Enter your name and your email address.
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Select your level of English.
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You sign up to my mailing list and the PDF will arrive directly in your inbox.
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After that, you will automatically receive my free weekly PDFs alongside my news,
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course updates and offers.
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It is a free service.
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You can unsubscribe at any time with one click.
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We will start with say and tell.
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First, First, I am not surprised that students confuse say and tell.
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They have very similar meanings, but we use them in different ways.
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Let's start with direct speech.
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And here we're focusing on written language.
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Which word would you use to complete this sentence?
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Said or told?
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I like tea, Aliza.
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You should use said.
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You can write said Aliza or Aliza said.
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You could also use a pronoun, but pronouns always come before said.
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She said, not said she.
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How about in this sentence?
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I like tea, Elisa, us.
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In that sentence, we use told.
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That's the past of tell.
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Tell is followed by an object pronoun.
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In this case, us.
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We tell somebody.
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Our message is directed at someone and we are transferring information to them.
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Say is usually used without a personal object after it.
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But if we want to add a personal object after say, we use to.
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For example, I like tea, Elisa said to us.
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We can't use an object pronoun directly after say.
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Elisa said us would be wrong.
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Now say without an object after it is much more common than tell in direct speech,
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because say usually focuses on the actual words spoken.
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We only use tell when someone is giving information, facts, or an order.
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Remember with tell, we are transferring a message.
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Now the good news is that we can pretty much always use say in direct speech.
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Here are some examples.
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That looks lovely, said Tim.
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We use say with exclamations like this.
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Good afternoon, everyone, said the teacher.
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We use say with greetings.
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Does anyone want a biscuit, said Roberto.
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We can use say with questions, although we often use ask to.
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I'll be back in a moment, said Polly, or Polly told us.
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This statement gives information so we can use say or tell.
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Stop talking, he said, or he told us.
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This is an order.
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To report someone's words in direct speech, when we're actually speaking to someone, we usually use say.
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For example, what did he say?
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He said stop talking.
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Now, let's move on to look at say and tell in indirect speech.
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Which is correct?
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Number one, Elisa said me that she likes tea.
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Or number two, Elisa told me that she likes tea.
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The second sentence is correct.
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Did you remember that we don't usually use an object pronoun after say?
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The correct version with say would be, Elisa said that she likes tea.
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That is optional after say and tell in indirect speech.
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Now, how about if we want to report this statement from earlier in the video?
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Good afternoon, everyone, said the teacher.
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Here are three options, which is correct.
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Number one, the teacher told everyone good afternoon.
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Number two, the teacher said everyone good afternoon.
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Or number three, the teacher said good afternoon to everyone.
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Have a think.
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Sentence three is correct.
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Remember we don't use tell for greetings.
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So number one doesn't sound right.
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And number two isn't correct because we can't use everyone directly after say has the pattern,
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say something to somebody.
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Here are a couple more examples like this.
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Don't say anything to anyone.
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I said hello to her.
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We tend to use this pattern with indefinite pronouns like anything and with greetings and certain exclamations like hello.
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I put more examples and other ways we use say
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and tell in indirect speech in the PDF that goes with this video.
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The link is in the description.
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Now, there are some common phrases in which we use tell without a personal object pronoun.
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Tell a story.
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Tell a joke.
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Tell a lie.
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We don't say a story, for example.
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We tell a story.
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We don't really say a joke.
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And we very rarely say a lie.
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We tell a story.
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We tell a joke.
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We tell a lie.
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Do you know any more phrases like these?
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Write them in the comments section if you do.
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We use certain nouns after say to form common collocations too.
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For example, say plus name.
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Did someone say my name?
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We also have not say plus a word.
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I won't say a word about the party.
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This means that you won't say anything.
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Before we move on, let's do a little quiz to test what you've learnt.
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Complete the sentences with a form of say or tell.
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Number one, did Elisa you that she likes tea?
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Number two, I love it when my parents' stories about their childhoods.
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And number three, it's wonderful to see you, James.
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Pause the video if you need time to think.
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Here are the answers.
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Tell in the first one, because we have the personal object pronoun, you.
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Tell again in the second, because we tell stories.
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And said in the third one, because it's an exclamation and there is no personal pronoun.
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Okay, let's focus on speak and talk now.
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These two verbs also cause a lot of confusion among my students.
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But I have good news for you.
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Speak and talk are very similar in meaning and we can often use either one.
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Now, having said that, fluent speakers will often choose one over the other in certain situations.
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And there are times when we only use one or the other.
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Let's look together.
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At the beginning of the video, I showed you these two sentences.
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I need to speak to you.
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I need to talk to you.
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I want you to think about what the difference is.
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The truth is that both are grammatically correct and there's very little difference between them.
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However, we often use speak in more formal situations.
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So with these sentences, perhaps you don't know the other person well, or you want to discuss something important.
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In that case, you would use speak.
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We use talk in more informal situations.
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Have you ever heard of the phrase small talk?
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Small talk.
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This is conversation about unimportant or very ordinary things.
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We don't say small speak.
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Here are some longer examples with speak and talk.
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I need to speak to you about the arrangements for next week's conference.
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This could be said at work, so it might be a little bit more formal.
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That's why we use speak.
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I need to talk to you about the surprise party for mum.
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Here you're probably talking to your sibling, your brother or sister.
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So we use the less formal talk.
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Here are two more examples for comparison.
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The presenter stopped speaking while I found my seat.
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This could be at the conference.
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You were late, how embarrassing.
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Or my children stopped talking when I walked into the room.
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This mum's children are planning a surprise party.
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Speak focuses on the person who is saying the words.
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The presenter spoke about the importance of good time management.
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Talk focuses on the speaker and at least one listener with the idea that there's a conversation.
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You often talk to someone to get advice or simply to be friendly.
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For example, I'm going to Uganda next week.
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I would love to talk to you about your time there.
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I want to have a conversation about it.
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Or I know you've been struggling recently.
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Do you want to talk about it?
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You might've noticed that I've been using the preposition to after speak and talk.
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To speak to somebody, to talk to somebody.
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We can also use another preposition, with.
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Speak with somebody, talk with somebody.
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To is more common in British English and with is more common in American English, but you will hear both.
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Use either.
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Okay, let's imagine you're on the telephone now and you are calling a company.
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How would you complete this dialogue?
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Speak or talk?
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Hello, may I?
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To Ahmed Osman, please.
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Who's?
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It's Carla Collins.
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So, we tend to use speak on the telephone, particularly in formal situations.
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So, in the first gap, we need speak.
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May I speak to Ahmed Osman?
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In less formal situations, you could use talk.
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For example, can I talk to Josh?
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In the second gap, we need speaking.
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Who's speaking.
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A possible alternative is who's calling.
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We do not say who's talking.
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Okay, the last thing that is really important for you to learn is which verb to use with languages.
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How would you complete this sentence?
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Speak or talk?
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I, English and Spanish.
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It's speak.
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We speak a language.
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I speak English and Spanish.
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Do you speak Arabic?
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Hiroshi speaks several languages.
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Okay.
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That is everything for today.
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I hope you enjoyed it.
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I hope you learned something.
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Now it's time to download the PDF that goes with this video.
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It has so much more information and there are the exercises to complete too.
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They are interactive.
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I think you will like them.
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The link for that is in the description box.
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I will see you soon for another lesson.
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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
บทเรียนฝึกพูดระดับ B1 นี้ใช้วิดีโอ “The EASY Way to Learn and Remember: SAY / TELL / SPEAK / TALK” เป็นสื่อ คำที่ถูกพูดซ้ำบ่อยที่สุด: speak, example, pronoun, sentence, object วิดีโอนี้มี 204 ประโยค และ 1690 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 13:50 ผู้พูดพูดด้วยความเร็วสม่ำเสมอ ประมาณ 122 คำต่อนาที เหมาะกับการฝึกพูดตาม 88% ของคำอยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ คำศัพท์จึงตามได้ง่าย
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ยากที่สุด 12 คำในวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| pronoun คำนาม | /ˈpɹoʊ.naʊn/ | สรรพนาม |
| greeting คำนาม | /ˈɡɹiːtɪŋ/ | การทักทาย |
| phrase คำนาม | /ˈfɹeɪ̯z/ | วลี, ประโยค |
| preposition คำนาม | /ˌpɹɛpəˈzɪʃən/ | บุพบท, บุรพบท |
| verb คำนาม | /vɝb/ | คำกริยา, กริยา |
| biscuit คำนาม | /ˈbɪs.kɪt/ | บิสกิต, ขนมปังกรอบ |
| listener คำนาม | /ˈlɪs(ə)nɚ/ | ผู้ฟัง |
| fluent คำคุณศัพท์ | /ˈfluənt/ | คล่อง, คล่องแคล่ว |
| sibling คำนาม | /ˈsɪb.lɪŋ/ | พี่, น้อง |
| noun คำนาม | /naʊn/ | นาม, คำนาม |
| informal คำคุณศัพท์ | /ɪnˈfɔɹ.m(ə)l/ | ไม่เป็นทางการ |
| dialogue คำนาม | /ˈdaɪəˌlɑɡ/ | การสนทนา, บทพูด |
ประโยคที่ควรฝึกพูดซ้ำ
ประโยคสั้น ๆ ที่สมบูรณ์จากวิดีโอ ซึ่งนำไปใช้ในบทสนทนาประจำวันได้:
- How do we use them?
- How can we stop making mistakes with them?
- Is it, she said me, or she told me?
- Which word would you use to complete this sentence?
- Do you know any more phrases like these?
ไวยากรณ์ในวิดีโอนี้
โครงสร้างที่ผู้พูดใช้บ่อยที่สุด พร้อมคำพูดจริงจากวิดีโอ:
| โครงสร้าง | ในวิดีโอ |
|---|---|
| Present perfect continuous have/has been + -ing — การกระทำที่เริ่มก่อนหน้านี้และยังดำเนินอยู่ | you've been struggling · I've been using |
| Present perfect have/has + กริยาช่อง 3 — เหตุการณ์ในอดีตที่ยังเกี่ยวข้องกับปัจจุบัน | have also created · you've learnt · Have you ever heard |
| Passive voice be + กริยาช่อง 3 — เน้นสิ่งที่เกิดขึ้น ไม่ใช่ผู้กระทำ | is followed · is directed · could be said |
| Relative clauses who / which + อนุประโยค — ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับคนหรือสิ่งของ | options, which is · person who is |
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 23 ครั้ง เช่น don't, can't, we're ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: exclamation /ˌɛkskləˈmeɪʃn̩/, preposition /ˌpɹɛpəˈzɪʃən/, collocation /ˌkɑ.ləˈkeɪ.ʃən/, optional /ˈɑp.ʃə.nəl/, confusion /kənˈfjuːʒən/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: preposition /ˌpɹɛpəˈzɪʃən/, interactive /ˌɪn.tɚˈæk.tɪv/, collocation /ˌkɑ.ləˈkeɪ.ʃən/, indefinite /ɪnˈdɛfɪnɪt/, unimportant /ˌʌnɪmˈpɔɹtənt/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- พูดตามทีละประโยคด้วยความเร็วปกติ ทำซ้ำแต่ละประโยคจนจังหวะของคุณตรงกับผู้พูด
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง pronoun, greeting, phrase เป็นพิเศษ
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ