쉐도잉 연습: The EASY Way to Learn and Remember: SAY / TELL / SPEAK / TALK - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기
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Hello, lovely students, and welcome back to English with Lucy.
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Say, tell, speak, and talk.
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What is the difference?
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How do we use them?
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How can we stop making mistakes with them?
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Is it, she said me, or she told me?
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Is it, I need to speak to you, or I need to talk to you?
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I promise you that in this lesson, I will make say, tell, speak and talk crystal clear for you.
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No more problems.
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And to help you, I have also created a free PDF to go with this lesson.
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It contains all of the information from this lesson, plus more examples and more information,
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and some secret interactive activities.
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Use these for further practice.
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If you would like to download the free PDF, just click on the link in the description box or scan the QR code there.
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Enter your name and your email address.
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Select your level of English.
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You sign up to my mailing list and the PDF will arrive directly in your inbox.
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After that, you will automatically receive my free weekly PDFs alongside my news,
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course updates and offers.
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It is a free service.
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You can unsubscribe at any time with one click.
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We will start with say and tell.
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First, First, I am not surprised that students confuse say and tell.
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They have very similar meanings, but we use them in different ways.
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Let's start with direct speech.
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And here we're focusing on written language.
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Which word would you use to complete this sentence?
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Said or told?
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I like tea, Aliza.
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You should use said.
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You can write said Aliza or Aliza said.
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You could also use a pronoun, but pronouns always come before said.
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She said, not said she.
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How about in this sentence?
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I like tea, Elisa, us.
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In that sentence, we use told.
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That's the past of tell.
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Tell is followed by an object pronoun.
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In this case, us.
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We tell somebody.
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Our message is directed at someone and we are transferring information to them.
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Say is usually used without a personal object after it.
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But if we want to add a personal object after say, we use to.
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For example, I like tea, Elisa said to us.
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We can't use an object pronoun directly after say.
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Elisa said us would be wrong.
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Now say without an object after it is much more common than tell in direct speech,
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because say usually focuses on the actual words spoken.
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We only use tell when someone is giving information, facts, or an order.
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Remember with tell, we are transferring a message.
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Now the good news is that we can pretty much always use say in direct speech.
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Here are some examples.
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That looks lovely, said Tim.
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We use say with exclamations like this.
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Good afternoon, everyone, said the teacher.
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We use say with greetings.
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Does anyone want a biscuit, said Roberto.
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We can use say with questions, although we often use ask to.
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I'll be back in a moment, said Polly, or Polly told us.
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This statement gives information so we can use say or tell.
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Stop talking, he said, or he told us.
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This is an order.
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To report someone's words in direct speech, when we're actually speaking to someone, we usually use say.
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For example, what did he say?
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He said stop talking.
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Now, let's move on to look at say and tell in indirect speech.
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Which is correct?
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Number one, Elisa said me that she likes tea.
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Or number two, Elisa told me that she likes tea.
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The second sentence is correct.
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Did you remember that we don't usually use an object pronoun after say?
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The correct version with say would be, Elisa said that she likes tea.
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That is optional after say and tell in indirect speech.
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Now, how about if we want to report this statement from earlier in the video?
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Good afternoon, everyone, said the teacher.
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Here are three options, which is correct.
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Number one, the teacher told everyone good afternoon.
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Number two, the teacher said everyone good afternoon.
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Or number three, the teacher said good afternoon to everyone.
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Have a think.
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Sentence three is correct.
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Remember we don't use tell for greetings.
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So number one doesn't sound right.
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And number two isn't correct because we can't use everyone directly after say has the pattern,
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say something to somebody.
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Here are a couple more examples like this.
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Don't say anything to anyone.
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I said hello to her.
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We tend to use this pattern with indefinite pronouns like anything and with greetings and certain exclamations like hello.
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I put more examples and other ways we use say
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and tell in indirect speech in the PDF that goes with this video.
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The link is in the description.
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Now, there are some common phrases in which we use tell without a personal object pronoun.
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Tell a story.
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Tell a joke.
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Tell a lie.
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We don't say a story, for example.
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We tell a story.
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We don't really say a joke.
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And we very rarely say a lie.
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We tell a story.
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We tell a joke.
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We tell a lie.
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Do you know any more phrases like these?
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Write them in the comments section if you do.
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We use certain nouns after say to form common collocations too.
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For example, say plus name.
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Did someone say my name?
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We also have not say plus a word.
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I won't say a word about the party.
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This means that you won't say anything.
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Before we move on, let's do a little quiz to test what you've learnt.
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Complete the sentences with a form of say or tell.
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Number one, did Elisa you that she likes tea?
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Number two, I love it when my parents' stories about their childhoods.
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And number three, it's wonderful to see you, James.
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Pause the video if you need time to think.
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Here are the answers.
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Tell in the first one, because we have the personal object pronoun, you.
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Tell again in the second, because we tell stories.
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And said in the third one, because it's an exclamation and there is no personal pronoun.
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Okay, let's focus on speak and talk now.
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These two verbs also cause a lot of confusion among my students.
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But I have good news for you.
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Speak and talk are very similar in meaning and we can often use either one.
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Now, having said that, fluent speakers will often choose one over the other in certain situations.
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And there are times when we only use one or the other.
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Let's look together.
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At the beginning of the video, I showed you these two sentences.
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I need to speak to you.
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I need to talk to you.
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I want you to think about what the difference is.
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The truth is that both are grammatically correct and there's very little difference between them.
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However, we often use speak in more formal situations.
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So with these sentences, perhaps you don't know the other person well, or you want to discuss something important.
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In that case, you would use speak.
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We use talk in more informal situations.
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Have you ever heard of the phrase small talk?
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Small talk.
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This is conversation about unimportant or very ordinary things.
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We don't say small speak.
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Here are some longer examples with speak and talk.
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I need to speak to you about the arrangements for next week's conference.
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This could be said at work, so it might be a little bit more formal.
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That's why we use speak.
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I need to talk to you about the surprise party for mum.
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Here you're probably talking to your sibling, your brother or sister.
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So we use the less formal talk.
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Here are two more examples for comparison.
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The presenter stopped speaking while I found my seat.
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This could be at the conference.
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You were late, how embarrassing.
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Or my children stopped talking when I walked into the room.
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This mum's children are planning a surprise party.
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Speak focuses on the person who is saying the words.
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The presenter spoke about the importance of good time management.
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Talk focuses on the speaker and at least one listener with the idea that there's a conversation.
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You often talk to someone to get advice or simply to be friendly.
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For example, I'm going to Uganda next week.
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I would love to talk to you about your time there.
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I want to have a conversation about it.
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Or I know you've been struggling recently.
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Do you want to talk about it?
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You might've noticed that I've been using the preposition to after speak and talk.
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To speak to somebody, to talk to somebody.
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We can also use another preposition, with.
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Speak with somebody, talk with somebody.
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To is more common in British English and with is more common in American English, but you will hear both.
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Use either.
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Okay, let's imagine you're on the telephone now and you are calling a company.
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How would you complete this dialogue?
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Speak or talk?
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Hello, may I?
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To Ahmed Osman, please.
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Who's?
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It's Carla Collins.
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So, we tend to use speak on the telephone, particularly in formal situations.
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So, in the first gap, we need speak.
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May I speak to Ahmed Osman?
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In less formal situations, you could use talk.
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For example, can I talk to Josh?
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In the second gap, we need speaking.
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Who's speaking.
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A possible alternative is who's calling.
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We do not say who's talking.
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Okay, the last thing that is really important for you to learn is which verb to use with languages.
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How would you complete this sentence?
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Speak or talk?
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I, English and Spanish.
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It's speak.
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We speak a language.
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I speak English and Spanish.
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Do you speak Arabic?
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Hiroshi speaks several languages.
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Okay.
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That is everything for today.
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I hope you enjoyed it.
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I hope you learned something.
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Now it's time to download the PDF that goes with this video.
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It has so much more information and there are the exercises to complete too.
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They are interactive.
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I think you will like them.
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The link for that is in the description box.
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I will see you soon for another lesson.
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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트
이 B1 수준 말하기 레슨은 영상 “The EASY Way to Learn and Remember: SAY / TELL / SPEAK / TALK”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: speak, example, pronoun, sentence, object. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 204개와 단어 1690개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 13:50입니다. 화자는 분당 약 122단어의 일정한 속도로 말해서 섀도잉하기에 편한 속도입니다. 단어의 88%가 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속해 어휘가 쉬운 편입니다.
이 영상의 핵심 어휘
영상에서 가장 어려운 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 단어 | 발음 | 뜻 |
|---|---|---|
| pronoun 명사 | /ˈpɹoʊ.naʊn/ | 대명사 |
| exclamation 명사 | /ˌɛkskləˈmeɪʃn̩/ | 외침 |
| greeting 명사 | /ˈɡɹiːtɪŋ/ | 인사 |
| phrase 명사 | /ˈfɹeɪ̯z/ | 어구, 구 |
| preposition 명사 | /ˌpɹɛpəˈzɪʃən/ | 전치사 |
| verb 명사 | /vɝb/ | 동사 |
| interactive 형용사 | /ˌɪn.tɚˈæk.tɪv/ | 인터랙티브 |
| biscuit 명사 | /ˈbɪs.kɪt/ | 비스킷, 쿠키 |
| embarrass 동사 | /ɪmˈbæɹəs/ | 난처하다, 창피 주다 |
| unsubscribe 동사 | 구독을 취소하다 | |
| listener 명사 | /ˈlɪs(ə)nɚ/ | 경청자, 청취자 |
| sibling 명사 | /ˈsɪb.lɪŋ/ | 형제, 형제자매 |
| noun 명사 | /naʊn/ | 명사 |
| confuse 동사 | /kənˈfjuːz/ | 혼란시키다 |
| quiz 명사 | /kwɪz/ | 퀴즈 |
따라 말해 볼 만한 문장
영상에 나오는 짧고 완결된 문장으로, 일상 대화에서 그대로 쓸 수 있습니다:
- How do we use them?
- How can we stop making mistakes with them?
- Is it, she said me, or she told me?
- Which word would you use to complete this sentence?
- Do you know any more phrases like these?
이 영상의 문법
화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 문형 | 영상 속 표현 |
|---|---|
| 현재완료진행 have/has been + -ing — 전에 시작해 지금도 계속되는 동작 | you've been struggling · I've been using |
| 현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때 | have also created · you've learnt · Have you ever heard |
| 수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점 | is followed · is directed · could be said |
| 관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보 | options, which is · person who is |
주의할 발음
화자는 don't, can't, we're 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 23번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.
- “sh”와 “zh” 소리: exclamation /ˌɛkskləˈmeɪʃn̩/, preposition /ˌpɹɛpəˈzɪʃən/, collocation /ˌkɑ.ləˈkeɪ.ʃən/, optional /ˈɑp.ʃə.nəl/, confusion /kənˈfjuːʒən/
- 긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: preposition /ˌpɹɛpəˈzɪʃən/, interactive /ˌɪn.tɚˈæk.tɪv/, collocation /ˌkɑ.ləˈkeɪ.ʃən/, indefinite /ɪnˈdɛfɪnɪt/, unimportant /ˌʌnɪmˈpɔɹtənt/
이 영상으로 연습하는 방법
- 먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
- 보통 속도로 한 문장씩 섀도잉하고, 화자의 리듬과 맞을 때까지 반복합니다.
- 자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, pronoun, exclamation, greeting 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.