ฝึกพูดภาษาอังกฤษด้วยเทคนิค Shadowing จากวิดีโอ: The Vietnam War Explained In 25 Minutes | Vietnam War Documentary
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Music The
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Vietnam War began in good faith, by good people with good intentions, but some two decades later it was all over.
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For the Vietnamese, it was not a war about communism, it was a war for independence, a war for Vietnam.
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But a combination of American overconfidence, Cold War tensions, and imperialist tendencies the Americans had previously fought so hard against,
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made the war in Vietnam one of America's darkest pages in its short but dense history.
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By the end of the war, more than 58,000 Americans would die, as too were 250,000 South Vietnamese soldiers.
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Over a million North Vietnamese soldiers and Viet Cong guerrillas would also perish, as well as over 2 million civilians from both the north and the south,
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and thousands more from Laos and Cambodia.
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The French conquest of Indochina began in 1858.
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They boasted about bringing their civilisation to Vietnam, beginning the construction of roads and bridges.
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But the Vietnamese did not take well to their French colonizers, just as they hadn't to earlier invasions by the Chinese.
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The French were the enemy and the Vietnamese people struggle for independence.
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In 1919, at the end of the Great War,
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American President Woodrow Wilson went to Paris to help rebuild a new world and advocated for the independence of colonized nations.
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Upon his stay in France, a man appeared with a petition for the president, signed by himself and other Vietnamese nationalists,
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asking that Vietnam too become an independent state.
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The president's secretary promised to show it to Wilson, but there is no evidence he ever did.
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Throughout his career, this man would go by some 70 names, but eventually settle for the most enlightened one, Ho Chi Minh.
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After taking part in a demonstration against a puppet emperor, Ho Ho Chi Minh was marked for arrest and fled Vietnam in 1911,
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remaining in exile for 30 years.
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When he discovered the anti-colonial writings of Lenin, he became a communist.
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His fuel was for an independent Vietnam.
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By 1940, the Second World War had come.
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Germany had conquered most of Western Europe, including France, and the Japanese began to occupy Vietnam.
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To help fight the Japanese invaders, Ho Chi Minh returned to Vietnam and founded a revolutionary movement which he named the Vietnam Independence League,
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the Viet Minh.
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This new fighting force grew quickly and relied on guerrilla warfare tactics,
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hit and run strategies that would later be used some three decades later when the Americans arrived.
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In the spring of 1945, three years after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor,
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the United States government were looking for ways to undermine Japanese forces in Vietnam, when they were contacted by Ho Chi Minh.
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The OSS, the precursors for the CIA, supplied Ho and his guerrilla fighters with weapons and were impressed with how quickly they learned to handle them.
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Ho began to call his followers the Viet-American Army and praised the United States as a champion of democracy.
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When two atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japanese surrender seemed imminent.
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Ho Chi Minh called upon all the people of Vietnam to rise up
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and take control of their country before the French could re-establish their rule.
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On the 2nd of September 1945, the same day as the Japanese surrendered ending World War II,
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hundreds of thousands of people went to Badin Square in Hanoi to see Ho Chi Minh proclaim Vietnam independent.
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The future looked promising, but President Franklin Roosevelt, who had campaigned for a world of independent self-governing states, was now dead.
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And his successor, Harry Truman, was facing an entirely different world.
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The Soviet Union had occupied Eastern Europe and looked to spread further into Turkey, Greece and Iran.
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A Cold War had begun.
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The French warned if their colonies were to become independent under American assistance, France would have no choice but to fall under Soviet influence.
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The French poured thousands of men back into Vietnam with the help of American aid.
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In 1950, communist North Korea invaded South Korea.
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Domino theory was at the height of political thought.
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The idea that if one nation fell to communism, others would as well.
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The United States sent tens of thousands of troops to push the invaders back north.
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They did so successfully and it showed Western powers that communism in Asia could be contained.
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By 1953, with the help of American aid, the French had been fighting for seven years in Vietnam and had suffered more than 100,000 casualties.
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French platoons would be ambushed, trains blown up, roads blocked all for them to be ambushed again.
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The Viet Minh supplied by the Soviets and Chinese were a force to be reckoned with.
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The French were demoralised and so proposed to begin talks to end the fighting.
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Before the talks began however, both sides tried to enforce their military positioning.
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The French set up a fortified base in Dien Bien Phu, believing any altercation would result in a French victory.
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So confident in fact, they saw no need to worry about the jungle-covered hills that overlooked their 11,000 men.
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50,000 Vietnamese soldiers then surrounded the valley, and their heavy artillery began to fire.
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The French were trapped.
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After 55 days of brutal attack, the French surrendered, having lost 8,000 troops.
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After 100 years of colonial rule, the French were leaving.
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This decisive victory for the Viet Minh installed a belief that they could fight a great western power and win.
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An armistice was then signed, splitting Vietnam into two parts along the 17th parallel, separated by a demilitarised zone.
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had 300 days to relocate to their preferred destination, and so 900,000 refugees fled to the south, seeking a life free from communism.
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The south would become known as the Republic of Vietnam,
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with Diem as its president in the capital of Saigon and protected by the army of the Republic of Vietnam, the Arvin.
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In the north, the capital would become Hanoi, where Ho Chi Minh and the communists implemented land reforms similar to those under Mao,
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leaving thousands dead and imprisoned.
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The Viet Cong and their leaders were willing to break the peace, to head south along what would soon be called the Ho Chi Minh Trail and fight for a united Vietnam.
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These men belonged to an organisation called the National Liberation Front, the NLF.
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The armed wing of the organisation was called the People's Liberation Armed Forces, but the US and its allies gave them a more disparaging name,
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communist traitors to the nation, the Viet Kong.
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John F.
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Kennedy had been elected and Cold War tensions were at new heights.
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The lessons from the Second World War were on every policy makers mind.
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Aggressive dictatorships needed to be stopped before they constituted a serious danger to the peace of the world.
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A growing number of critics complained at Kennedy's leniency.
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He had failed to stop the construction of the Berlin Wall and communism was spreading in Laos and Cambodia.
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So when time came for Vietnam, he couldn't be seen to do nothing.
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Kennedy's advisors insisted he should send ground troops into Vietnam, to help the South push back the Viet Cong.
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Vietnam can't fall to communism, he was told, but he refused to send in troops.
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Instead, he sent an elite group of soldiers, the Green Berets, and military advisors to train and organize South Vietnam's military.
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Kennedy also took other steps, doubling their military funding, sending helicopters and armored personnel carriers.
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But he also authorized the use of napalm, defoliants and Agent Orange to deny cover to the Viet Cong and to destroy the crops that fed them.
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But the American build-up of personnel in South Vietnam worried Ho Chi Minh, who saw an invasion of the North is inevitable.
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The Chinese then promised to arm his troops, and conscription was introduced, requiring every abled-bodied man to serve.
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Corruption and the suppression of Buddhists by Catholic officials in South Vietnam's government had become
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so bad that to protest President Diem and his regime's oppression, a 73-year-old monk set himself on fire.
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As a silent crowd watched him burn to death, another monk repeated again and again, A Buddhist monk becomes a martyr.
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A Buddhist monk becomes a martyr.
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Soon other monks would become martyrs, but instead of allowing greater freedoms for his people, President Diem imposed martial law and arrested anyone that protested.
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The South, a place promised to become a democracy, had become a dictatorship.
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Diem's reign could not continue.
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Vietnam's military generals, who had been told a coup would not be stopped by the United States, assassinated Diem and his brother.
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People took to the streets in celebration, but a new threat had arrived, and one Kennedy had dreaded.
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Who was to replace him?
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Kennedy would not live to see the question he had pondered.
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He was assassinated on the 22nd of November 1963, and his vice president Lyndon B.
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Johnson was now in charge.
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Fearing it would make a bad situation worse, Johnson had opposed the coup that overthrew Siem.
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And it had.
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With Siem gone, the Viet Cong saw an opportunity, and began to carry out attacks throughout the countryside.
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A new power struggle began in the south.
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Between January 1964 and June 1965, there would be eight different governments.
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Coup after coup left the government in ruins.
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As the USS Maddox slowly moved through the Gulf, after issuing warning shots, it came under fire from a North Vietnamese torpedo squadron.
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Ho Chi Minh was shocked to hear of his Navy's attack, and the officer on duty was removed for impulsiveness.
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Ho Chi Minh demanded to know who gave the order to attack, but there are still disagreements to this day on who did.
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Back in Washington, the Joint Chiefs of Staff urged retaliation against Vietnam, but Johnson again refused.
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A second attack would have to happen to justify retaliation, Johnson argued, but no second attack ever did.
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Instead, sonar operators convinced themselves an attack from the North Vietnamese had probably occurred.
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The attack was probable, but not certain, Johnson was told, and since it had probably happened, it shouldn't be left unanswered.
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American pilots were sent to attack North Vietnamese torpedo boat installations and oil facilities.
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For the first time, American pilots dropped bombs on Vietnam.
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The non-existent second attack allowed Congress to pass the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution,
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granting the President authority to assist any Southeast Asian country threatened by communist aggression,
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and gave Johnson the legal justification to deploy US forces in Vietnam.
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In retaliation, North Viet Cong guerillas shelled the American airbase near Saigon,
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killing 5 Americans and destroying 5 B-57 bombers.
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Advisors again suggested to Johnson he should place troops on the ground, and carry out an air attack on targets in the north, but he refused to send ground troops.
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The Viet Cong then struck an American helicopter base at Pleiku, killing eight advisors and wounding hundreds more,
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and later blowing up a hotel killing 23 Americans.
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Hoping to bomb them into surrender, Johnson responded on March 2nd,
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1965, systematically bombarding targets, codenamed Operation Rolling Thunder.
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The President had changed his policy from retaliatory bombing to an all-out attack, something that was kept from the public.
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The American people couldn't know he had widened the war.
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Viet Cong attacks continued, but America couldn't leave.
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They were too heavily invested and a withdrawal would make them look weak.
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So in March 1965, Johnson took the action he had avoided for so long.
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He was putting ground troops in Vietnam.
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It was no longer a fight against communism, as Pentagon papers later revealed.
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It was to avoid humiliation.
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As 1966 began, 2,344 Americans had died in Vietnam.
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200,000 men were stationed there, with more on the way.
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The Viet Cong now controlled three quarters of South Vietnam's countryside, moving their supplies and weapons through Laos and Cambodia,
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12,000 miles of twisted jungle roadways known as the Ho Chi Minh Trail.
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The Americans reasoned if the trail could be sufficiently damaged, the enemy wouldn't be able to sustain itself.
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Three million tons of explosives would fall on the louse portion of the trail alone.
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A million more tons than that dropped on Germany and Japan during World War II.
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As the months and years went on and the death tolls of American troops were climbing, the American people were told not to worry.
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They were killing the enemy at a ratio of ten to one.
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but American mothers, fathers, sisters and brothers didn't care about the ten, they cared about the one.
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General Westmoreland, who claimed he could win the war in three years, sent an urgent cable to Washington, asking for 200,000 additional troops.
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Robert McNamara, the Secretary of Defense, told Johnson he had two options, negotiate a compromise with Hanoi, or give General Westmoreland his men,
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but the chances of victory, he said, are no better than one in three.
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Lyndon B.
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Johnson chose option two, to send more men.
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He had been told the war was unwinnable, but hundreds of thousands of American troops were being prepared to
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be deployed to a war those in Washington knew was a lost cause.
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It wasn't just the Vietnamese the Americans were fighting, it was also the terrain.
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Soldiers would have to make their way through elephant grass, thorn bushes, bamboo 20 meters tall and jungle so thick it would take an hour just to move a hundred feet.
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Finger-long black leeches caused wounds that quickly became infected and sunlight rarely hit the jungle floor.
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Booby traps, landmines and grenades laced the terrain, often causing the loss of limbs or death.
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US soldiers also had to deal with M16 rifles, that jammed in gunfights often costing their lives.
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Although the enemy rarely won a battle, American victory rarely seemed to matter.
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Enemy soldiers were quickly replaced, and US soldiers were spread so thin, it meant any land they captured and then left was quickly taken back by the enemy.
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By the end of 1967, 20,000 Americans would be dead, but those back home were told victory was in sight.
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There was light at the end of the tunnel.
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The protests intensified.
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At the beginning of 1968, half a million US troops were in Vietnam, and American leaders promised victory was in sight.
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But the North Vietnamese Army and Viet Cong were planning the general offensive.
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Scores of coordinated attacks of South Vietnamese towns and cities, and with Saigon defeated, it would leave the Americans with no choice but to withdraw.
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The date chosen for the attack was January 31st, the first day of the Vietnamese Lunar New Year celebration, known as Tet.
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«Advance, and we will achieve total victory», Ho Chi Minh told his soldiers.
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By January 30th, a 36-hour truce for Tet was in effect, and thousands of Arvin troops had gone home for the holiday.
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The next day, 84,000 Viet Cong guerillas and North Vietnamese soldiers attacked 36 of South Vietnam's 44 provincial capitals,
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dozens of American and Avan military bases, and the six largest cities in the country, including Hue, Da Nang and Saigon.
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But as the fighting raged on, the plan the Viet Cong and NVA had put in place was not going well.
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South Vietnamese soldiers and US troops were inflicting significant casualties upon them, and this would continue throughout the battle.
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For the first time, the US soldiers could see what they were fighting.
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The Viet Cong were in the streets rather than in the bushes, and in the buildings rather than hidden in the trees.
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The Viet Cong were now playing America's game, the game America was best at.
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After months of fighting, the Viet Cong were pushed back.
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Johnson claimed the Tet Offensive was a devastating defeat for the Communists.
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Of the 84,000 enemy troops that took part in the Tet Offensive, 58,000 were killed, wounded, or captured.
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an overwhelming victory for America and the Arvin.
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The Vietnam War was the first television war, in which on-site coverage from the front lines was brought into the American living room.
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The public had been told up to the Tet Offensive, the war was nearly over, the North Vietnamese were so ground down that victory was in sight.
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So when the offensive was launched, it contradicted what the American people had been told, and broke their trust in the government.
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Protesters took to the streets.
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On March 31st, 1968, Johnson spoke to the nation on television.
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He announced the US was to stop bombing North Vietnam in the hopes to get them to the negotiating table.
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He also said he would not run for re-election.
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It stunned the nation.
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He would begin to focus his efforts on achieving peace.
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Martin Luther King was then assassinated, and protesters again took to the streets.
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The nation hadn't been this divided since the Civil War.
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To make matters worse, as Robert Kennedy ran for president and campaigned to bring the war to an end,
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in June, he too just like his brother was assassinated, the nation was torn apart.
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Richard Nixon was elected president on a program of ending the war and bringing a broken nation together.
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37,000 US troops had died when he took office, and the war was on everybody's mind.
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But how he got there, to the highest office in the land was kept a secret.
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As the next election came, Johnson was making significant progress, and had agreed to stop all bombing of Vietnam.
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Hanoi for the first time had agreed to talk to Saigon, and the US had agreed to include the Viet Cong in the peace talks.
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Peace, for what seemed like the first time, was in sight.
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But on November 2nd, just three days before the US election, President Chu of South Vietnam unexpectedly withdrew from the peace talks.
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A representative of the Nixon campaign had secretly contacted the Saigon government, urging Chu to stay away from the talks,
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promising that once Nixon was elected president, he would drive a harder bargain with Hanoi than Hubert Humphrey his competition would.
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Due to a CIA bargain Chu's office and an FBI wiretap in the South Vietnamese Embassy in Washington, Johnson had found out what had happened.
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He discovered that Nixon and his team were committing treason.
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They were contacting a foreign power in the middle of a war.
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Nixon had been willing to delay the bloodshed in order to get elected.
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Johnson, unwilling to share how he got the information, said nothing.
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Nixon's secret was safe.
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As the peace talks reached stalemate and the war continued, American men were sent to their deaths in pointless battles.
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They were to fight for land such as Hamburger Hill, just to later give it up for the enemy.
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Body count is all that mattered.
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As the protests back home continued, Nixon had to change his policy.
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The public had had enough.
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Thousands of men were dying for nothing.
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A policy of Vietnamization was to take place.
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Arvin troops would gradually take on more and more responsibility, and American troops would start coming home.
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The Americans began training the Arvin, sending more than a million M16 rifles, 40,000 grenade launchers and thousands of vehicles.
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Both American and South Vietnamese officials knew, if America couldn't win with half a million of its own troops, South Vietnam by itself stood no chance.
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Publicly, Nixon claimed the campaign to be a great success.
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On September 2nd, 1969, the 24th anniversary of Ho Chi Minh's declaration of Vietnam's independence, Ho Chi Minh passed away.
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For America, although military victories increased and casualty figures fell, anti-war sentiment had still grown.
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When the public found out in the small village of My Lai, American soldiers had slaughtered more than 500 innocent men,
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women and children, protests and anti-war sentiment reached new heights.
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Hundreds of thousands of people across the country took to the streets.
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Four students were killed at Kent State, and another two at Jackson State University.
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With negotiations at stalemate, Nixon began a bombing campaign around Hanoi.
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Remembered as the Christmas bombing, 1,600 civilians were killed.
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On December 26, Hanoi agreed to return to negotiations.
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It would take them just six days to reach a final agreement.
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had bombed them into accepting a deal.
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Prisoners of war were to be released, and American troops were to withdraw from Vietnam.
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On March 29th 1973, the last American troops would leave South Vietnam.
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Only 200 marines would remain, helping guard the American embassy and other buildings in Saigon, along with diplomats and CIA agents.
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The South and the North would fight on and the population was once again caught in a brutal civil war.
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Nixon had pledged to South Vietnam that if Saigon were to be in trouble,
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the US Air Force would provide assistance to push the Communists back just as they had done with the Easter Offensive.
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But in August 1974, Nixon had resigned amid the Watergate scandal, and Congress were in no mood to help.
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They cut South Vietnam's funds and assistance in half, and up to 20,000 Arvin troops were leaving the military a month.
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The Americans had provided guns but not enough bullets.
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They had provided planes but no pilots or training.
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They had provided trucks but no spare parts.
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Things in the south were quickly falling apart.
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The North pushed on south, defeating Arvin forces at every turn.
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After 30 years of civil war, Saigon was going to fall.
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Everything the Americans had fought and died to prevent was going to happen.
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Soldiers and civilians began to flee south to evade the North Vietnamese army and President Chu resigned.
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On April 29th, the invasion of Saigon began.
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It was time to evacuate.
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Helicopters would pick up groups of people and ferry them to aircraft carriers and ships, then to return to pick up more.
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When the ships were full and to prevent more from coming, helicopters were pushed into the ocean.
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The South surrendered to stop further bloodshed.
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Many were sent to re-education camps for upwards of ten years.
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Arvin graveyards were bulldozed or padlocked, and every effort was made to wipe away the memory of South Vietnam's regime.
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The Vietnamese, after 30 years of war, 2 million deaths, millions of refugees and villages destroyed,
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were finally united under one communist nation.
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With Soviet help, Vietnam would be turned into a new socialist system.
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Agriculture was collectivised, capitalism was abolished, industry was nationalised and planners were appointed to run it all along strict communist lines.
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The result was economic catastrophe.
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The standard of living fell and people starved.
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1.5 million people would eventually flee, with 400,000 making it to America.
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To paraphrase John Kerry, the Vietnam War brought everything into question.
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The rationalisation of destroying villages in order to save them.
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America's morality in the face of My Lai.
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The meaning of free fire zones, shooting anything that moved as soldiers placed a cheapness on the lives of civilians.
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The falsification of body counts to increase kill death ratios.
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The unimportance of battles, as men charged up hills because their generals told them to,
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and after losing one platoon or two platoons they marched away to leave the hill for their enemy.
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Pride allowed the most unimportant battles to be blown into extravaganzas, because America couldn't lose, and she couldn't retreat,
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and because it didn't matter how many lives were lost to prove that point.
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But for those who fought and died on all sides, risked their lives for their country, who showed bravery and sacrifice, they shouldn't be forgotten.
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For it was not a soldiers war, but a political war, for which America and Vietnam will never be the same.
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Plant a flag and make a stand, build a fence around your land,
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but by and by the stones will crumble down.
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Spend your life for what it's worth,
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but one day you'll return to earth and leave your DNA above the ground.
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Oh, we're only here for a short while Better take it with a smile
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And try Take it all in stride All in stride
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คำศัพท์และข้อสังเกตด้านการพูดสำหรับบทเรียนนี้
บทเรียนฝึกพูดระดับ B2 นี้ใช้วิดีโอ “The Vietnam War Explained In 25 Minutes” เป็นสื่อ คำที่ถูกพูดซ้ำบ่อยที่สุด: Vietnam, troops, Viet, Vietnamese, Minh วิดีโอนี้มี 271 ประโยค และ 3972 คำ สำหรับฝึกพูดตาม ช่วงที่มีเสียงพูดยาว 28:15 ผู้พูดพูดด้วยความเร็วสม่ำเสมอ ประมาณ 141 คำต่อนาที เหมาะกับการฝึกพูดตาม มีเพียง 78% ของคำที่อยู่ใน 3,000 คำที่ใช้บ่อยที่สุดในภาษาอังกฤษ คำศัพท์จึงค่อนข้างยาก
คำศัพท์สำคัญในวิดีโอนี้
คำที่ยากที่สุด 15 คำในวิดีโอ พร้อมคำอ่านและความหมาย:
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| communism คำนาม | /ˈkɒmjᵿnɪz(ə)m/ | ลัทธิคอมมิวนิสต์ |
| surrender คำกริยา | /səˈɹɛndə(ɹ)/ | ยอมแพ้, ทู้ |
| assassinate คำกริยา | /əˈsæs(ə)nˌeɪt/ | ลอบสังหาร, ลอบฆ่า |
| flee คำกริยา | /ˈfliː/ | หนี |
| monk คำนาม | /mʌŋk/ | พระ, นักพรต |
| advisor คำนาม | /ædˈvaɪ.zə(ɹ)/ | ที่ปรึกษา |
| jungle คำนาม | /ˈd͡ʒʌŋ.ɡ(ə)l/ | ป่า, ดง |
| helicopter คำนาม | /ˈheliːˌkɔptə(ɹ)/ | เฮลิคอปเตอร์ |
| guerrilla คำนาม | /ɡəˈɹɪlə/ | สงครามกองโจร |
| invader คำนาม | /ɪnˈveɪ.də(ɹ)/ | ผู้รุกราน |
| martyr คำนาม | /ˈmɑɹ.tɚ/ | มรณสักขี |
| torpedo คำนาม | /ˌtoɹˈpi.doʊ/ | ตอร์ปิโด |
| negotiation คำนาม | /nɪˌɡəʊ.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən/ | การต่อรอง, การเจรจา |
| countryside คำนาม | /ˈkʌn.tɹiˌsaɪd/ | ชนบท |
| terrain คำนาม | /təˈɹeɪn/ | ภูมิประเทศ, ลักษณะภูมิประเทศ |
กริยาวลีที่คุณจะได้ยิน
| คำศัพท์ | คำอ่าน | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|
| carry out คำกริยา | /ˈkæ.ɹi aʊt/ | กระทำ |
| pick up คำกริยา | ยก, หยิบ | |
| pass away คำกริยา | เสียชีวิต |
การออกเสียงที่ควรระวัง
ผู้พูดใช้รูปย่อและรูปลดเสียง 17 ครั้ง เช่น couldn't, didn't, hadn't ให้พูดแบบสั้นตามที่ได้ยิน
- เสียง “th”: withdraw /wɪðˈdɹɔ/, authorize /ˈɔθəɹaɪz/, threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/, withdrawal /wɪðˈdɹɔ(ə)l/
- เสียง “sh” และ “zh”: retaliation /ɹɪˌtæl.iˈeɪ.ʃən/, bloodshed /ˈblʌdˌʃɛd/, ambush /ˈæm.bʊʃ/, casualty /ˈkæʒu.əlti/, negotiation /nɪˌɡəʊ.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən/
- คำยาว — ลงเสียงหนักให้ถูกพยางค์: assassinate /əˈsæs(ə)nˌeɪt/, helicopter /ˈheliːˌkɔptə(ɹ)/, retaliation /ɹɪˌtæl.iˈeɪ.ʃən/, casualty /ˈkæʒu.əlti/, negotiation /nɪˌɡəʊ.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən/
เสียงที่คนไทยมักออกเสียงยาก:
- เสียงท้ายคำ — ออกเสียงให้ครบ ไม่เปลี่ยนเป็นตัวสะกดแบบไทย: civilians /sɪˈvɪl.jənz/, jungle /ˈd͡ʒʌŋ.ɡ(ə)l/, ambush /ˈæm.bʊʃ/, brutal /ˈbɹuːtəl/, colonial /kəˈloʊ.njəl/
- /v/ — ไม่ใช่ /w/ ให้ฟันบนแตะริมฝีปากล่าง: advisor /ædˈvaɪ.zə(ɹ)/, civilians /sɪˈvɪl.jənz/, invader /ɪnˈveɪ.də(ɹ)/, overwhelm /ˌoʊ.vɚˈwɛlm/, govern /ˈɡʌv.ən/
- /z/ — เสียงก้อง ไม่ใช่ /s/: communism /ˈkɒmjᵿnɪz(ə)m/, advisor /ædˈvaɪ.zə(ɹ)/, civilians /sɪˈvɪl.jənz/, resign /ɹɪˈzaɪn/, authorize /ˈɔθəɹaɪz/
วิธีฝึกกับวิดีโอนี้
- ฟังวิดีโอให้จบหนึ่งรอบโดยยังไม่ต้องพูด แล้วจดคำที่ยังไม่รู้จัก
- พูดตามทีละประโยคด้วยความเร็วปกติ ทำซ้ำแต่ละประโยคจนจังหวะของคุณตรงกับผู้พูด
- อัดเสียงตัวเองแล้วเทียบกับต้นฉบับ โดยสังเกตคำอย่าง communism, surrender, assassinate เป็นพิเศษ
เทคนิค Shadowing คืออะไร?
Shadowing เป็นเทคนิคการเรียนรู้ภาษาที่ได้รับการรับรองทางวิทยาศาสตร์ พัฒนาขึ้นสำหรับการฝึกนักแปลมืออาชีพ วิธีการนี้เรียบง่ายแต่ทรงพลัง: คุณฟังเสียงภาษาอังกฤษจากเจ้าของภาษาและพูดตามทันที — เหมือนเงาที่ตามผู้พูดด้วยช่วงเวลาห่าง 1-2 วินาที การวิจัยแสดงว่าเทคนิคนี้ปรับปรุงความแม่นยำในการออกเสียง ทำนองเสียง จังหวะ การเชื่อมเสียง การฟังเข้าใจ และความคล่องแคล่วในการพูดได้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญ